Climate change and scarcity of energy sources have put developing countries in a situation that demands emergency future planning for matured renewable technologies in order to continue sustainable ...progress and provide clean and cheap energy to masses. This paper provides a comprehensive structure of site suitability for utility scale solar PV and wind energy projects considering criteria critical to each technology while only using criteria with absolute necessity for varying scenarios incorporating Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) along with Geographic Information System (GIS). A novel approach is also considered for far-off areas potentially deprived of electricity access for small scale solar PV implementation. A total of eight sub-criteria were considered in site selection process regarding wind and solar energy, analyzed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in order to rank criteria depending on their importance to selection process. Resulting methodology was applied to case study of Pakistan, a developing country with growing climate change emergency and ongoing power crisis. End results showed 25.28% area suitable for utility scale solar PV farms, 5.93% area suitable for utility scale wind farms and 40.02% suitable area for small scale solar PV farms.
Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) is a fundamental mechanism that enables the development of numerous fluorophores and probes for bioimaging and sensing. However, the electron-withdrawing targets ...(EWTs)-induced fluorescence quenching is a long-standing and unsolved issue in ICT fluorophores, and significantly limits the widespread applicability. Here we report a simple and generalizable structural-modification for completely overturning the intramolecular rotation driving energy, and thus fully reversing the ICT fluorophores' quenching mode into light-up mode. Specifically, the insertion of an indazole unit into ICT scaffold can fully amplify the intramolecular rotation in donor-indazole-π-acceptor fluorophores (fluorescence OFF), whereas efficiently suppressing the rotation in their EWT-substituted system (fluorescence ON). This molecular strategy is generalizable, yielding a palette of chromophores with fluorescence umpolung that spans visible and near-infrared range. This strategy expands the bio-analytical toolboxes and allows exploiting ICT fluorophores for light-up sensing of EWTs including N-acetyltransferases and nerve agents.
Microgrids have received a lot of attention in the past few decades and researchers are evaluating the integration of renewable resources especially fuel cells to overcome the energy crisis. This ...review article aims to provide an in-depth analysis of fuel cells, including the technical complexities and challenges encountered in integration with microgrid systems. Additionally, it explores combined heat and power systems that leverage waste heat recovery. The findings indicated that the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have extensive applicability in various microgrid systems, including grid-connected, backup, and stand-alone setups. These systems can achieve an efficiency of 95% when combined with the heat and power technique. Electricity generation capacity can be attained upto 100 MW using SOFC-based microgrid systems and generates an average of 33.6 kWh utilizing 1-kilogram hydrogen. In conclusion, this article provides valuable insights for researchers related to the challenges and future directions in fuel cell integrated microgrids.
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•A literature study of the most effective fuel cell types for hybrid microgrids.•Technicalities and complexities of fuel cells in hybrid microgrids are reviewed.•Combined heat and power system for highly efficient performance.•Fuel cells comparison with energy resources in economic and environmental aspects.•Fuel cell-based microgrids are best alternative for long-term energy production.
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), a state‐of‐the‐art noninvasive in vivo imaging technique, has been widely used in clinical disease diagnosis. However, the design of high‐performance PAI agents with ...three key characteristics, i.e., near‐infrared (NIR) absorption (λabs>800 nm), intense PA signals, and excellent photostability, remains a challenging goal. Herein, we present a facile but effective approach for engineering PAI agents by amplifying intramolecular low‐frequency vibrations and enhancing the push‐pull effect. As a demonstration of this blended approach, we constructed a PAI agent (BDP1‐NEt2) based on the boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) scaffold. Compared with indocyanine green (ICG, an FDA‐approved organic dye widely utilized in PAI studies; λabs=788 nm), BDP1‐NEt2 exhibited a UV/Vis‐NIR spectrum peaked at 825 nm, superior in vivo PA signal intensity and outstanding stability to offer improved tumor diagnostics. We believe this work provides a promising strategy to develop the next generation of PAI agents.
In this work, we present a facile but effective approach for engineering photoacoustic imaging (PAI) agents by amplifying intramolecular low‐frequency vibrations and enhancing the push‐pull effect. As a demonstration of this blended approach, we constructed a PAI agent (BDP1‐NEt2) based on the boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) scaffold, which met key requirements of high‐quality PAI.
Excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)‐based solid luminescent materials with multiple hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) remain unexplored. Herein, we introduced a family of Janus‐type ...ESIPT chromophores featuring distinctive hydrogen bond (H‐bond) selectivity between competitive HBAs in a single molecule. Our investigations showed that the central hydroxyl group preferentially forms intramolecular H‐bonds with imines in imine‐modified 2‐hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole (HBT) chromophores but tethers the benzothiazole moiety in hydrazone‐modified HBT chromophores. Imine‐derived HBTs generally exhibit higher fluorescence efficiency, while hydrazone‐derived HBTs show a reduced overlap between the absorption and fluorescence bands. Quantum chemical calculations unveiled the molecular origins of the biased intramolecular H‐bonds and their impact on the ESIPT process. This Janus‐type ESIPT chromophore skeleton provides new opportunities for the design of solid luminescent materials.
A new family of Janus‐type ESIPT chromophores with distinctive hydrogen bonding selectivity between competitive hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) were reported. Single‐crystal structures and theoretical studies unveiled the molecular origins of the biased intramolecular hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds) and their impact on the ESIPT process. This Janus‐type ESIPT chromophore skeleton provides new opportunities for the design of solid luminescent materials.
•Sustainable energy transition is considering a key for Sustainable Development Goals-2030.•MG, DFE, PMG with DCCE-CS-ARDL, AMG, and PQR applied on OECD dataset.•Fossil energy have negative impact on ...human capital and energy pricing.•These indicators are optimistic with clean energy.•Study suggests that above-mentioned factors can be the leading tools for achieving SGDs-2030.
A sustainable energy transition is crucial in attaining sustainable development goals (SDGs-2030). Human capital, technological innovation, and energy pricing have been used to make sustainable energy transitions in highly developed economies like the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This study attempted to probe the impact of these factors on aggregated and disaggregated energy sources. For this purpose, this research work employed a dataset of all OECD nations between 1991 and 2019. The study applied to mean group (MG), dynamic fixed effect (DFE), and pooled mean group (PMG) to evaluate the short and long-run factors of these variables. In addition, the augmented mean group (AMG) and Dynamic Common Correlated Effects (DCCE) with cross-sectional Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) were utilized to validate the long-run results' robustness. Finally, we applied panel quantiles regression (PQR). The outcomes of the empirical investigation confirm that the GDP growth rate in OECD contributes positively to renewable energy factors and negatively to non-renewable energy factors. Energy pricing, human capital, and technological innovations are the leading tools for the OECD to discourage fossil energy intake and motivate to increase green and clean energy consumption.
High-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPVs) are the most prevalent viruses in human diseases including cervical cancers. Expression of E6 protein has already been reported in cervical cancer cases, ...excluding normal tissues. Continuous expression of E6 protein is making it ideal to develop therapeutic vaccines against hrHPVs infection and cervical cancer. Therefore, we carried out a meta-analysis of multiple hrHPVs to predict the most potential prophylactic peptide vaccines. In this study, immunoinformatics approach was employed to predict antigenic epitopes of hrHPVs E6 proteins restricted to 12 Human HLAs to aid the development of peptide vaccines against hrHPVs. Conformational B-cell and CTL epitopes were predicted for hrHPVs E6 proteins using ElliPro and NetCTL. The potential of the predicted peptides were tested and validated by using systems biology approach considering experimental concentration. We also investigated the binding interactions of the antigenic CTL epitopes by using docking. The stability of the resulting peptide-MHC I complexes was further studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation results highlighted the regions from 46-62 and 65-76 that could be the first choice for the development of prophylactic peptide vaccines against hrHPVs. To overcome the worldwide distribution, the predicted epitopes restricted to different HLAs could cover most of the vaccination and would help to explore the possibility of these epitopes for adaptive immunotherapy against HPVs infections.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper aims to identify the importance of Information Technology businesses and youth’s interest in entrepreneurial initiatives in connection with IT based businesses. The data was collected ...using questionnaire from final year students of entrepreneurship and computer sciences enrolled in Bachelors, so as to get a profound picture of their intention, motivation and ability to enter in IT related entrepreneurial ventures. As descriptive statistics was used to analyze the findings, the study depicts great motivation among final year graduates to enter in entrepreneurial ventures. They are found to be motivated to establish ventures of their own even at small level. Therefore, SMEs can play vital role in assisting and fostering entrepreneurial activity with special focus on Information Technology businesses. In addition, the research limitation could be the fact that data has been collected from top universities/ institutes in which intellect level of students is competitively high, thus their liking to entre and understanding regarding SMEs and entrepreneurial initiatives is better than students of ordinary institutes. Also, the results could have been deviated if same research was applied in countries with varying demographics. As for practical implementations, the research may be vital for SMEs officials to foresee the entrepreneurial spirit among youth and to design policies accordingly. Also, it opens horizons for information Technology students to consider entrepreneurial careers other than simply applying for jobs in software houses/ organizations. Also, no prior research has been carried out in analyzing the mutual relation of Entrepreneurship and Information Technology businesses, neither the outcome/ joint effect of both has been studied together
In this work, the thermal performance characteristics and emissions of VCR, one cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine fuelled with a mixture of two biodiesel in a blend with diesel has been ...assessed by using artificial neural network (ANN). Further, the two biodiesel considered are Pongamia and Jatropha mixed in different volume ratio, i.e. 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 these mixtures are called M1, M2, and M3. The mixtures are used to prepare the various blends operated with dieselfuel, whichare utilized in the experimentation. The engine experimental data required for the training and validation of ANN model are obtained through the VCR engine operated with pure diesel and blends of two biodiesel mixture as a fuel at different load and compression ratio. To train the ANN model, mixture ratio, blend ratio, load and compression ratio (CR), are selected as the inputs and output variables are brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), smoke density. Different architectures of ANN are trained by varying the number of hidden neurons in the hidden layer and corresponds tothe minimum mean square error(MSE) for validation data for selecting the optimum architecture to estimate the parameters. The thermal performance and emissions of VCR engine estimated by using proposed ANN model are found to be quite close to experimental values with reasonable accuracy as the correlation coefficient is ranging from 0.97 to 0.99.
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