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•Definition, types, synthetic routes of nanoparticles and their applications.•Recent trends in nanomaterial-based bioimaging: early detection of diseases.•Nanomaterial-based ...biosensors enabled early sensing of diseases like cancer.•Nanoparticles as future drug with their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities.•Revolutionary role of nanoparticle-based therapeutics in cancer treatment.
Biomedical applications of nanomaterials have received considerable attention and interest from many researchers over the past decade due to the key role they can play in enhancing public health. Different types of nanomaterials possess both diagnostic and therapeutic potential owing to their outstanding properties compared to their bulk counterparts. Herein, we present, analyze and provide significant insights and recent advances about the promising biomedical applications of nanoparticles including bioimaging of biological environments and its role as a significant tool for early detection of many diseases with respect to traditional means, explaining their types and limitations. In addition, different types of nanoparticles acting as effective bio-sensors and detectors of our body have been analyzed. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of different types of nanoparticles and their attractive antimicrobial effects allowing them to act as powerful and new drug substitutes against multi-drug resistant bacteria and pathogenic fungi. Finally, we introduce some nanoparticles as powerful antioxidants and promising candidates in cancer therapeutics. We conclude that this review can give up-to-date information about various biomedical applications of nanoparticles and will be of great value and interest to researchers and scientists of materials science, biology, chemistry, and medicine.
Colloidally stable suspensions of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are prepared from high‐quality lead halide nanocrystal seeds. Perovskite nanocrystals with different layered crystal structures ...are reported. These systems are well suited for investigations of the intrinsic photophysics and spectroscopy of organic–inorganic metal halide perovskites.
The purposes of this work are to evaluate the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anticancer, and antioxidant abilities of anisotropic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized by a cost-effective and ...eco-friendly sol–gel method. The synthesized ZnO NPs were entirely characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, FTIR, HRTEM, zeta potential, SEM mapping, BET surface analyzer, and EDX elemental analysis. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of ZnO NPs were investigated against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and yeast causing serious diseases like urinary tract infection (UTI). The anticancer activity was performed against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Additionally, antioxidant scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was observed. The synthesized ZnO NPs exhibited an absorption peak at 385.0 nm characteristic to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Data obtained from HRTEM, SEM, and XRD confirmed the anisotropic crystalline nature of the prepared ZnO NPs with an average particle size of 68.2 nm. The calculated surface area of the prepared ZnO NPs was 10.62 m
2
/g and the porosity was 13.16%, while pore volume was calculated to be 0.013 cm
3
/g and the average pore size was about 3.10 nm. The prepared ZnO NPs showed promising antimicrobial activity against all tested UTI-causing pathogens. It showed a prominent antimicrobial capability against
Candida tropicalis
with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) reaching 22.4 mm, 13 mm ZOI for
Bacillus subtilis
, and 12.5 mm ZOI for
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. Additionally, the prepared ZnO NPs showed enhanced biofilm repression of about 79.33%, 72.94%, and 33.68% against
B. subtilis
,
C. tropicalis
, and
P. aeruginosa
, respectively. Moreover, the prepared ZnO NPs had a powerful antioxidant property with 33.0% scavenging ability after applied DPPH assay. Surprisingly, upon ZnO NPs treatment, cancer cell viability reduced from 100 to 58.5% after only 24 h due to their unique antitumor activity. Therefore, according to these outstanding properties, this study could give insights for solving serious industrial, pharmaceutical, and medical challenges, particularly in the EAC and UTI medications.
Titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) nanocomposites have been extensively employed in many fundamental optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications due to their outstanding optical, electronic and chemical ...properties. In the present work, we introduce a simple layer-by-layer approach to design a magnetic TiO
2
nanocomposite that could be easily recycled using an external magnetic field without affecting its quantum efficiency. The crystallinity, size, surface area, stability, morphology, purity and other optical, thermal and magnetic properties of the composite have been investigated. Surface topology, thickness and thermal conduction were also demonstrated by AC conductivity measurements at a specific temperature (55 °C). Our results revealed that the prepared composite has a semi-spherical concentric shape with an average size of about (123.4 nm), surface area of (46.13 m
2
/g) and zeta potential of (− 24.3 mV) as confirmed by HRTEM, surface area analyzer and zeta potential measurements. TGA and DSC analysis recorded the thermal stability of the composite up to (500 °C) while a band gap of about (3.35 eV) has been calculated. VSM analysis showed that the composite has good magnetic properties. Atomic force microscopy recorded a surface roughness of the composite of about (125 nm) while the average thickness was approximately (10.3 nm). Significant responses of the capacitance–voltage profiles in the employed Preisach model, have been also recorded.
Friction stir lap welding (FSLW) remains a pioneering technique for creating hybrid joints between AA5052 aluminium alloy and polypropylene (PP), particularly with the metal-on-top configuration. ...Building upon previous research, this study introduces a tapered fluted pin tool design and investigates its effectiveness in the welding process. Our results, supported by ANOVA, chemical, and microstructural analyses, reiterate that the optimal welding parameters stand at a rotational speed of 1400 RPM and a traverse speed of 20 mm/min. This combination produces a joint tensile strength of 3.8 MPa, signifying 16.54% of the weaker material's inherent strength. Microstructural evaluations revealed a unique composite of aluminium chips intermeshed with PP, strengthened further by aluminium hooks. Crucially, mechanical interlocking plays a predominant role over chemical bonding in achieving this joint strength. The study underscores the absence of significant C-O-Al bonds, hinting at the PP degradation without the thermo-oxidation process. Additionally, joint strength was found to inversely correlate with the interaction layer's thickness. The findings fortify the promise of FSLW with the novel fluted pin design for enhancing joints between AA5052 and PP, emphasising the potential of mechanical interlocking as a principal factor in achieving high-quality welds.
Catalytic degradation of organic water pollutants has emerged as a cost- and energy-effective technique to treat wastewater. In this work, new silver and magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared ...with a protic poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) based on a quaternized diethylethanolamine cation combined with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate-co-vinylpyrrolidone (QAMPSA/VP) as a capping and a reducing agent. The morphology, particle size, surface charge, thermal stability, and magnetic properties of QAMPS/VP-Ag and Fe3O4 NPs were investigated to determine the efficiency of the PIL as a reducing and a capping agent to protect the produced NPs from oxidation or thermal degradation. The activation energy, enthalpy, and entropy of the catalytic degradation of the cationic methylene blue (MB) dye in the presence of QAMPS/VP-Ag and Fe3O4 NPs were determined. The data elucidated that MB was completely degraded in 8 min in the presence of QAMPS/VP-Fe3O4 NPs as a Fenton oxidation catalyst. Moreover, their good magnetic properties allowed their easy separation and reuse for five cycles without losing their magnetic or catalytic properties.
Bubbling up: Dissolution of CO₂ bubbles in a suspension of colloidal particles chemically induces the assembly of particles on the surface of shrunken bubbles, and thus yields rapid continuous ...formation of a colloidal armor. This approach maintains the high colloidal stability of particles in bulk, has increased productivity, and allows the formation of bubbles with precisely controlled dimensions.
Amphiphilic poly(ionic liquids), PILs, derived from natural products attracted great attention as a green chemical in the field of the surface chemistry and petroleum industry. In the present work, ...new surface active PILs were synthesized from cardanol cashew nut oil as a hydrophobic alkyl phenol. The phenol group was etherified with diethanolamine, ethanolamine, and tetraethylene glycol using linking agent based on β,β-dicholorodiethyl ether to insert nonionic hydrophilic groups into cardanol. The amine group was quaternized with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid to produce polymerizable ionic liquids that polymerized to obtain new PILs. The chemical structure of the prepared new PILs was elucidated from 1HNMR and elemental analysis. The surface activity of the prepared PILs was determined from the surface and interfacial tension measurements of their aqueous solution. The ability of the prepared PILs to disperse the asphaltene fractions of the heavy Arabian crude oil was studied. It was used to explain their demulsification performance and efficiency data when they were used as demulsifiers for crude oil water emulsions. The demulsification data elucidate that the PILs have greater ability to reduce IFT and can separate water effectively. Moreover, the PILs have a greater tendency to disperse asphaltene and perform better as demulsifier than that flocculate asphaltenes.
Abstract Background and Aim NK-cells are the principle defense line against different malignancies. Their activation status is determined by the balance between activating and inhibitory receptors ...such as NKG2D and NKG2A, respectively. MicroRNAs are crucial post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, playing key roles in modulating NK-cell development and function. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of miRNAs in regulating the activation and cytotoxic function of NK-cells in HCC. Methods In-silico analysis was performed to predict a potential miRNA that might target NKG2D and NKG2A mRNAs. NK-cells were isolated from HCC patients and healthy controls, after which miRNA and mRNA were quantified. Manipulating miRNA expression was performed followed by investigating downstream targets and the cytotoxic activity of NK-cells against Huh-7 cell lines. Results NK-cells of HCC patients showed miR-182 overexpression compared to controls. NKG2D and NKG2A were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in HCC NK-cells. Upon forcing miR-182 expression in the HCC NK-cells, upregulation of both receptors was observed. Finally, miR-182 was reported to induce NK-cell cytotoxicity represented in Perforin-1 upregulation and increase in cytolytic killing of co-cultured Huh-7 cells. Conclusion Our findings suggest that miR-182 may augment NK-cell cytotoxicity against liver cancer via modulating NKG2D and NKG2A expressions.
Application of ionic liquids (ILs) and their polymers (PILs) as green chemicals in the petroleum industry is an original area of the research study. This work aims to synthesize new amphiphilic ILs ...based on dialkyl substituted imidazolium cations as a head groups combine with acetate and 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl borate anions. Their surface activity and aggregation behaviors, in toluene and aqueous medium, have been investigated by surface tension, particle size distribution and zeta potentials measurements. The sizes of aggregates in water and toluene solvents have been investigated from the dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The demulsification mechanism for the heavy crude oil/water emulsions at low water contents has been estimated from the fluorescent optical microscope in the presence of the prepared ILs and PILs. The demulsification performance of ILs and PILs demulsifiers was found to be considerably improved with incorporation of oxyethylene units into hydrophobic imidazolium cations, and increment the content of 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl borate anions. The results confirmed that the PIL has stronger adsorption for asphaltene molecules facilitated the distortion of the asphaltene protective film that stabilized the water-in-oil emulsion and thus promoting the water droplets coalescence to realize the separation of water from oil.
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•New aphiphilic poly(ionic liquids) based on dialkyl imidazolium cations.•Fast demulsification efficiencies of heavy crude using PILs as demulsifiers.•Aggregation of asphaltene layers surrounded the water droplets.
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