Relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplant in unfavorable-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) portends a poor prognosis. We conducted a single-center ...phase I dose-escalation study with lenalidomide maintenance in high-risk MDS and AML patients after allogeneic transplantation. Sixteen patients enrolled in a "3 + 3" study design starting at lenalidomide 5 mg daily, increasing in increments of 5 mg up to 15 mg. Lenalidomide was given for 21 days of a 28-day cycle for a total of six cycles. Most common dose-limiting toxicities were lymphopenia, diarrhea, nausea, and neutropenia. Two patients had acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and five patients developed chronic GVHD. The maximum tolerated dose was 10 mg, after dose-limiting toxicities were seen in the 15 mg group. Two dose-limiting toxicities were seen from development of acute GVHD and grade III diarrhea. Limitations of the study include time to initiation at 6 months post transplant, as many high-risk patients will have relapsed within this time frame before starting maintenance lenalidomide. Overall, lenalidomide was well tolerated with minimal GVHD and low rates of relapse rates, warranting further study.
Due to nonlinear behavior of power production of photovoltaic (PV) systems., it is necessary to apply the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques to generate the maximum power. The ...conventional MPPT methods do not function properly in rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. In this study., a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) optimized by a combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to obtain the maximum power point (MPP). The proposed FLC uses the ratio of power variations to voltage variations and the derivative of power variations to voltage variations as inputs and uses the duty cycle as the output. The range of changes in fuzzy membership functions and fuzzy rules are proposed as an optimization problem optimized by the PSO-GA. The proposed design is validated for MPPT of a PV system using MATLAB/Simulink software. The results indicate a better performance of the proposed FLC compared to the common methods.
In the realm of the smart grid, there are new issues that are needed to be addressed. However, these new concerns may have an adverse effect on the complexity of the operation of the network, they ...present great opportunities to the network operators for a better service, in terms of lower costs and enhanced security. In this paper, the integration of the coordinated aggregated Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) fleets and Demand Response Programs (DRPs) into power systems is studied using the stochastic reliability-based Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC). The proposed SCUC program minimizes network operation costs while determining the best strategy for deployment of PEVs and DRPs. Moreover, the proposed approach analyze the effect of these resources on the adequacy of the power system by considering reliability metrics
Being a mobile power storing device enables the PEVs to provide their energy to the network when called upon. Moreover, DRPs can mitigate power consumption during the peak load or in case of a contingency. Optimal integration of these resources could reduce the network operating costs and improve security. A two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming model is employed for power system modeling in a smart grid environment. In the proposed model, PEV fleets are modeled as virtual power plants that can provide electric power while DRPs are assumed to only affect the power consumption of the customers. The proposed paradigm is applied to the IEEE 6-bus and IEEE Reliability Test System (RTS) to illustrate its effectiveness. Numerical analyses confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in lessening the cost of network operations, better performance in case of contingencies and a higher level of reliability.
Abstract
Network control, optimization, and security analysis are facilitated by accurate microgrid state estimation. By utilizing phasor measurement units (PMUs), a combined robust centralized ...dynamic algebraic approach is proposed in this paper for estimating algebraic states (voltage phasors) as well as dynamic states (associated with synchronous generators and wind turbines). Assuming that a load is placed on each bus, an innovative PMU placement method is also presented to provide measurements for all dynamic and algebraic state variables. As a robust link between algebraic state estimation and dynamic state estimation, the output results of the least absolute value (LAV) estimator, which is robust against bad data, are fed to dynamic state estimators as pseudo measurements. Next, to address the nonlinearity of synchronous generator and wind turbine models, an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is applied to estimate dynamic states precisely. The numerical tests on a microgrid test system show that the suggested approach is suitable for both algebraic and dynamic state estimation. Synchronous generators and wind turbines are modeled using nonlinear models of the 9th and third orders, respectively, and static loads are modeled as voltage‐frequency dependent ones.
Relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a devastating disease with a poor prognosis and represents a major unmet medical need. We report on a real-world academic center experience of ...treating 25 patients with relapsed/refractory AML using venetoclax in combination with decitabine or azacitidine, which is not otherwise widely evaluated in the current literature. Our patients come from a large, socioeconomically and geographically diverse area including the majority of Northern California. Most had ELN Adverse Risk (52%) or Intermediate Risk (44%) AML, and most had an ECOG Performance Status of 1 (64%). Over half (52%) had prior hypomethylating agent exposure, and 40% had Secondary AML. We observed an overall response rate of 52%, with eight patients (32%) achieving composite complete remission. Median overall survival was 5.5 months, and for patients achieving composite complete remission this was 21.6 months. One-year estimated overall survival was 38%. Three patients were able to proceed directly to stem cell transplant for consolidation, and all three were alive at last follow-up, ranging 13.8-24.0 months. We found venetoclax in combination with hypomethylating agents to be well tolerated and potentially efficacious in securing long-term remissions for patients with relapsed/refractory AML.
•In this paper, the conventional vector control of the generator is replaced with a fuzzy PID controller.•The optimal power point of the wind turbine is tracked in such a way that the output power is ...smoothed.•The scheme enables the wind farm to produce a constant power.•In this paper, the rotor-inertia of turbines is used as an energy storage systems.
Due to variations of wind speed, the output power of small-scaled or mid-scaled wind farms is fluctuating and this may negatively impact the power system. This paper proposes a new fuzzy PID controller scheme for a variable speed wind farm. In this scheme, by using the rotor-inertia as an energy storage system, two purposes are satisfied. Firstly, the optimal power point of each turbine is tracked in such a way that the total output power of the wind farm is also smoothed. Secondly, the proposed scheme enables the wind farm to produce a predetermined output power. To show the performance of the proposed scheme, a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind farm is simulated and the results are compared with conventional scheme. Also, the tracking capability of the pre-scheduled output power is verified.
There are many important trade-offs and constraints on cost, volume, weight, conduction losses, switching losses, microcontrollers, isolation, voltage and current levels, voltage and current ripples, ...battery specifications, charging–discharging algorithms, control system, switch gate drivers, and efficiency of battery chargers in electric vehicles. In this paper, a well-known power electronic topology commonly used in recent relevant studies is considered, and some important technical considerations with regard to the mentioned trade-offs and constraints are discussed in detail for the first time. The discussion concerns the practical and theoretical experiences in implementation of battery chargers and charging stations of electric vehicles exclusively, and it can be extended to various other power electronic topologies.
In this paper, a particular standard MicroGrid (MG) is accurately simulated in the presence of the Electric Vehicles (EVs) participating in decentralized primary frequency control service. It ...examines effect of number of the participating EVs on the short-term dynamic behaviour. The simulation results confirm that frequency deviation will not definitely become zero even though an unlimited number of the EVs participate. The output power of each EV is determined according to the frequency deviation. On the other hand, the output power of each EV affects the value of the frequency deviation, especially in small-scale MGs and MGs with predominant inductance behaviour. Eventually, an equilibrium point is reached after a new EV is added that depends on the characteristics of the MG and the functions executed in the MG central controller during such a service. Additionally, effect of Reflex method, an advanced charging technique for EVs, on the frequency deviation is examined.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in dystrophin and the subsequent disruption of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC). Utrophin is a dystrophin homolog expressed at ...high levels in developing muscle that is an attractive target for DMD therapy. Here we show that the extracellular matrix protein biglycan regulates utrophin expression in immature muscle and that recombinant human biglycan (rhBGN) increases utrophin expression in cultured myotubes. Systemically delivered rhBGN up-regulates utrophin at the sarcolemma and reduces muscle pathology in the mdx mouse model of DMD. RhBGN treatment also improves muscle function as judged by reduced susceptibility to eccentric contraction-induced injury. Utrophin is required for the rhBGN therapeutic effect. Several lines of evidence indicate that biglycan acts by recruiting utrophin protein to the muscle membrane. RhBGN is well tolerated in animals dosed for as long as 3 months. We propose that rhBGN could be a therapy for DMD.
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