The underlying explanation for these medicines' efficacy could be the selective expression of PD-L1 with dominant immune-suppressive actions in the tumors microenvironment (TME), which promotes a ...better tumors response-to-toxicity ratio .To boost anti-tumor immunity. The association of family history of HCC to the HCC risk has been reported through heritable factors and modified by environmental factors. Dr. Anurag Aggarwal, Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, California, United States, E-mail: anuragaggarwal@naboard.edu.in
Sinusitis- Causes and Treatment Aggarwal, Anurag
International journal of collaborative research on internal medicine & public health,
01/2021, Letnik:
13, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Some human beings with hypersensitive reactions can have "allergic fungal sinus infection. In the ones in whom antibiotics are used, both amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate is usually recommended ...first line.Surgery may also now and again be utilized in human beings with persistent disorder. Acute sinusitis is the second most common infectious disease seen by General Practitioners (GPs).Antibiotics are specifically now no longer advocated in people with mild /mild disorder in the course of the primary week of contamination because of threat of unfavorable effects, antibiotic resistance, and cost.
Aim: The aim of this study is to volumetrically analyze the root canal volume after instrumentation with hand and rotary files and to evaluate and compare the volume percentage of root canals ...obturated (POV) with gutta-percha (GP), with various techniques using spiral computed tomography (SCT).
Materials and Methods: Sixty sound, noncarious, single-rooted extracted human teeth were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction. The specimens were divided into five groups based on the type of canal instrumentation and obturation technique used. Specimens were prepared with Hand Files and ProTaper Next and HyFlex CM rotary Files. The volume of root canal space was measured using SCT, and root canals were obturated (cold lateral condensation, cold flowable "GuttaFlow 2," and single cone). A second SCT scan was performed to determine the POV of GP at coronal, middle, and apical third. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparison tests.
Results: There was a highly significant difference in percentage of obturated volume between the groups at coronal, middle, and apical third, and also, there was a highly significant difference in the total percentage of obturated volume of canal between the groups.
Conclusion: No obturation technique produced void-free root canal fillings and the greatest POV was obtained with lateral condensation followed by single cone and least with cold flowable obturation technique. Lateral condensation and single-cone technique showed 100% POV in the apical third region and GuttaFlow 2 had the maximum voids.
Abstract
Perioperative visual loss (POVL) is a rare but potentially serious complication of long-duration surgeries in prone position under general anesthesia. The mechanism of visual loss after ...surgery, and its incidence, is difficult to determine. It is primarily associated with cardiothoracic and spine surgeries. The proposed causes include corneal injury, retinal ischemia (central retinal artery occlusion/branch retinal artery occlusion CRAO/BRAO), ischemic optic neuropathy (ION), and cortical blindness. A large, recent multicenter case-control study has identified risk factors associated with ION for patients undergoing spinal instrumentation surgery in prone position. These include male sex, obesity, use of Wilson's frame, long duration of anesthesia/surgery, larger estimated blood loss, and larger relative use of crystalloids for compensation of blood loss. This report describes a relatively healthy, 71-year-old female patient who developed significant visual impairment after thoracolumbar spine surgery in prone position under general anesthesia. The case raises dilemmas regarding the preoperative identification of patients who should be informed of the risk of POVL, and by whom.
Introduction: The temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) include a heterogeneous group of clinical conditions affecting the stomatognathic system and its related structures. It is characterized by pain ...specific to the maxillofacial region, and these disorders are the main cause of chronic facial pain and disability. Management of TMDs is challenging due to the unknown etiology and complex anatomy of the temporomandibular joint region. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the effect of botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) on pain and day to day functional and social activities of myofascial pain with or without TMDs, and to compare the effectiveness of BTX-A with a placebo group with the aid of EMG and a Behavioural Questionnaire. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 24 patients randomly divided into two groups and each group contains 12 participants. The study group showed a statistically significant decrease in the muscle activity after 14 days, and the patients responded that there was a significant reduction in the pain and improvement in their day-to-day functional as well as social activities after BTX-A treatment with 8 months follow-up. Conclusion: BTX-A has been proven to have positive desired effects on patients with TMDs.
Celiac plexus block (CPB) for chronic upper abdominal pain, particularly cancer pain, can be given in both supine and prone positions, using anterior and posterior approaches, respectively. Both ...approaches suffer from their own demerits. In ultrasonography (USG)-guided anterior approach, the needle has to pass through the liver, intestine, stomach, pancreas, and vessels, exposing the patient to the risk of infection, hemorrhage, and fistula formation. Moreover, in the presence of ascites and large lymph nodes, retroperitoneal area cannot be visualized clearly using USG. In the posterior approach, the patient lies prone with a pillow underneath the abdomen to alleviate lumbar lordosis, and the block is given under fluoroscopic or computed tomography (CT) guidance. Terminally ill patients have difficulty in tolerating prone position because of pain and discomfort due to abdominal distension. To the best of my knowledge, no position other than the supine, prone and rarely lateral, have been described for giving CPB in patients. We present three cases with carcinoma head of pancreas, where CPB was given under fluoroscopic guidance. As all three patients could not tolerate the prone position because of pain and ascites, we modified the position to a knee-chest position Figure 1. The patients found the position comfortable to maintain, and they were cooperative during the block. We encountered no problems in imaging the vertebral bodies in anteroposterior (AP) and lateral view. No pillow was required, as the lumbar lordosis was already abolished in this position. In each patient, bilateral block was given using 15-20 mL of 50% alcohol in 0.25% bupivacaine, on either side using a 15-cm Chiba needle. Subsequent follow-up showed successful blockade in all three patients. The use of a modified knee-chest position has not been described earlier for this procedure, but may be a suitable, convenient, and comfortable alternative for terminally ill patients who are unable to lie prone.
...we suggest that in the present study Zoerle et al. could have done a separate stratified analysis of ONSD–ICP correlation among cases that underwent surgery and endovascular management. The number ...of patients who developed vasospasm after SAH among the 20 study cases is not mentioned in the results. Since fifteen patients (75%) among the study population had anterior circulation aneurysms with an SAH of severity requiring an EVD we infer that a vasospasm of anterior circulation could have compromised the pial–septal blood supply to the ONS which could have triggered the vicious cycle of hypoxia and hyper-inflammation. Conflict of interest No conflict of interests to declare.
Dislocation of the scapula between the ribs and into the thoracic cage is a very rare event.Scapulothoracic dissociation though has been reported,usually occurs after a severe injury and is often ...associated with other serious injuries like brachial plexus or chest injury,etc.Ainscow has described a rare type that may occur due to slight violence with a pre-existing condition.Cases of isolated scapular dislocation after minor trauma have not been reported frequently in the literature.It is a distinct clinical entity and needs to be differentiated from other similar conditions.Here,we present a case of painless scapular dislocation associated with trivial trauma followed by spontaneous reduction in a l0 years old girl.The patient had a recurrence of the dislocation before presenting to us.But she did not have any pre-existing condition for scapular dislocation.
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