Onycholemmal horn: A distinctive subungual tumour Cano‐Aguilar, L. E.; Corona‐Rodarte, E.; Barrera‐Ochoa, C. ...
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology,
January 2024, Letnik:
38, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Additive manufacturing (AM) has become one of the most promising manufacturing techniques in recent years due to the geometric design freedom that this technology offers. The main objective of this ...study is to explore Composite Extrusion Modelling (CEM) with aluminium as an alternative processing route for aluminium alloys. This process allows for working with pellets that are deposited directly, layer by layer. The aim of the technique is to obtain aluminium alloy samples for industrial applications with high precision, without defects, and which are processed in an environmentally friendly manner. For this purpose, an initial and preliminary study using powder injection moulding (PIM), necessary for the production of samples, has been carried out. The first challenge was the design of a sustainable aluminium-based feedstock. The powder injection moulding technique was used as a first approach to optimise the properties of the feedstock through a combination of water-soluble polymer, polyethyleneglycol (PEG), and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) wich produces low CO
emissions. To do this, a microstructural characterisation was carried out and the critical solid loading and rheological properties of the feedstocks were studied. Furthermore, the debinding conditions and sintering parameters were adjusted in order to obtain samples with the required density for the following processes and with high geometrical accuracy. In the same way, the printing parameters were optimised for proper material deposition.
Mechanisms of muscle atrophy are complex and their understanding might help finding therapeutic solutions for pathologies such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We meta-analyzed transcriptomic ...experiments of muscles of ALS patients and mouse models, uncovering a p53 deregulation as common denominator. We then characterized the induction of several p53 family members (p53, p63, p73) and a correlation between the levels of p53 family target genes and the severity of muscle atrophy in ALS patients and mice. In particular, we observed increased p63 protein levels in the fibers of atrophic muscles via denervation-dependent and -independent mechanisms. At a functional level, we demonstrated that TAp63 and p53 transactivate the promoter and increased the expression of Trim63 (MuRF1), an effector of muscle atrophy. Altogether, these results suggest a novel function for p63 as a contributor to muscular atrophic processes via the regulation of multiple genes, including the muscle atrophy gene Trim63.
•Discretization of hybrid entanglement allows quantification with discrete measures.•The quantum state of the Stern-Gerlach Experiment (SGE) possesses a simple discrete form.•Concurrence and ...entanglement entropy quantify the creation of entanglement in the SGE.•The partial trace allows the quantification with the entanglement entropy.•The partial trace and discretization methods give identical results in the SGE.
Hybrid entanglement occurs between discrete and continuous variables, resulting in a considerable difficulty for its quantification. However, some advancements have been made, one of them is the discretization of the continuous variable as a tool to quantify it. Here, in this paper, the applicability of discrete entanglement measures to the final quantum state of the Stern-Gerlach Experiment is discussed in order to quantify its hybrid entanglement. Additionally, the possibility of using an equivalent discrete state is compared to the employment of the partial trace in order to consider the discrete component only, we show that the entanglement entropy distinctively represents the discrete part. Hence, the known entanglement capabilities of the SGE allow us to support the use of both techniques. Therefore, these measures give a detailed description of the entanglement creation in this famous experiment.
The skin exposome, defined as the totality of environmental exposures from conception to death that can induce or modify various skin conditions, compiles environmental, lifestyle and psychosocial ...exposures, as well as the resulting internal biological and physiological responses to these exposures. Biomonitoring can be used to obtain information on the internal dose of pollutants. The concentration of biomarkers in body fluids is highly variable over time due to differential elimination kinetics of chemicals, whereas they accumulate in hair. Hair analysis thus provides information on cumulative exposure over a longer period of time, and so can be used for assessing chronic exposure to pollutants. Studies on hair samples collected from 204 women living in two cities in China with different levels of pollution demonstrated that hair damage and the skin microbiome are biomarkers of a polluted city and long‐term exposure to pollution and UV can increase signs of facial ageing. Adopting an exposome approach to skin health requires assessing multiple exposures and biological consequences, possibly in relation to longitudinally followed‐up health outcomes. Leveraging “omics” data (e.g. metabolomics, proteomics, genomics and microbiome) and big data analytics, in particular multivariate analysis, will help to further understand the impact of pollution on skin and the combined effects with other exposome factors, including solar radiation and other environmental exposures.
The process of creating a translation-competent mRNA is highly complex and involves numerous steps including transcription, splicing, addition of modifications, and, finally, export to the cytoplasm. ...Historically, much of the research on regulation of gene expression at the level of the mRNA has been focused on either the regulation of mRNA synthesis (transcription and splicing) or metabolism (translation and degradation). However, in recent years, the advent of new experimental techniques has revealed the export of mRNA to be a major node in the regulation of gene expression, and numerous large-scale and specific mRNA export pathways have been defined. In this chapter, we will begin by outlining the mechanism by which most mRNAs are homeostatically exported ("bulk mRNA export"), involving the recruitment of the NXF1/TAP export receptor by the Aly/REF and THOC5 components of the TREX complex. We will then examine various mechanisms by which this pathway may be controlled, modified, or bypassed in order to promote the export of subset(s) of cellular mRNAs, which include the use of metazoan-specific orthologs of bulk mRNA export factors, specific cis RNA motifs which recruit mRNA export machinery via specific trans-acting-binding factors, posttranscriptional mRNA modifications that act as "inducible" export cis elements, the use of the atypical mRNA export receptor, CRM1, and the manipulation or bypass of the nuclear pore itself. Finally, we will discuss major outstanding questions in the field of mRNA export heterogeneity and outline how cutting-edge experimental techniques are providing new insights into and tools for investigating the intriguing field of mRNA export heterogeneity.
Tomato plant waste (TPW) is a significant agricultural byproduct that has been often underutilized. Recent studies have shown that its use to obtain methane in an anaerobic digestion (AD) process is ...viable. However, there is not much information available on studies to improve methane production from this substrate using statistical methods for optimization processes such as central composite design (CCD). For this investigation, CCD was adopted to analyze the effect of S/I ratio (substrate/inoculum ratio) (0.32–1.12), temperature (27–43 °C), and inoculum concentration (10.35–20.95 g VS/L) on methane generation and volatile solids (VS) removal in a batch AD system mono-digestion of TPW. The highest average value of methane yield was found to be 210.8 mL CH4/g VS (S/I ratio 0.48, 40 °C, and 18.80 g VS/L), and the highest average value of VS removal was found to be 36.9% (S/I ratio 1.12, 35 °C, and 15.65 g VS/L). We obtain a model with a better fit for the VS removal (R2 = 0.9587) than for the methane production (R2 = 0.9156). Temperature and S/I ratio were the factors most important for methane production and VS removal, respectively.
Aim
As options to treat recalcitrant bacterial infections which are increasingly limited due to multidrug‐resistant strains, searching for new, effective antibacterial compounds is necessary. One ...strategy is to generate treatment alternatives by drug repurposing.
Methods and Results
In this work, phenotypic microarrays were used for the screening of miscellaneous compounds against the growth and biofilm formation of Acinetobacter baumannii, an important emergent multidrug‐resistant opportunistic pathogen. The results showed that the phenothiazine derivatives, such as promethazine, trifluoperazine, thioridazine, and chlorpromazine, inhibited the growth of antibiotic‐sensitive and multidrug‐resistant strains (showing minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0·05 to 0·6 g l−1 and minimal bactericidal concentrations ranging from 0·1 to 2·5 g l−1). All phenothiazine derivatives were active against biofilm cells (with minimal biofilm eradication concentrations ranging from 0·5 to >3 g l−1). Chlorpromazine promoted reactive oxigen species (ROS) production, and cell membrane and DNA damage. Chlorpromazine showed synergy with antibiotics such as ceftazidime, meropenem, and colistin and was an effective treatment for experimentally infected Galleria mellonella when combined with ceftazidime.
Conclusions
It was demonstrated that phenothiazine derivatives, especially chlorpromazine, are drugs with attractive antibacterial properties against nosocomial MDR strains of A. baumannii, by generating ROS and cell membrane and DNA damage.
Significance and Impact of the Study
The present study indicates that repurposing phenothiazine derivatives for treating recalcitrant infections by A. baumannii could be promising.
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