Diphyllobothriosis, a fish-borne zoonosis in South America, is mainly caused by the Pacific broad tapeworm
Adenocephalus pacificus
Nybelin, 1931, a parasite of considerable concern in fishery ...resources due to its impact on public health. A new diphyllobothrid,
Diphyllobothrium sprakeri
Hernández-Orts et al. Parasites Vectors 14:219, 2021, was recently described from sea lions from the Pacific Coast, but marine fish acting as intermediate hosts are unknown. The objective of this study was to confirm the presence of plerocercoid larvae of Diphyllobothriidae Lühe, 1910 (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) in nine fish species of commercial importance in Peru. Of a total of 6999 fish (5861
Engraulis ringens
, 853
Sciaena deliciosa
, 6
Sciaena callaensis
, 171
Scomber japonicus,
40
Trachurus murphyi,
40
Ariopsis seemanni,
18
Merluccius peruanus,
5
Sarda chiliensis
, and 5
Coryphaena hippurus
), 183 were infected with plerocercoid larvae, representing a total prevalence of 2.61% and a mean intensity of 3.2. Based on mtDNA
cox1
sequences of 43 plerocercoids, a phylogenetic analysis revealed that 41 belong to
A
.
pacificus
and two to
D
.
sprakeri.
These findings are first molecular data for
D
.
sprakeri
larvae, and the infections of
E. ringens
and
T. murphyi
by plerocercoid larvae represent the first records of intermediate/paratenic hosts for this species. Hence, the findings of the current study enhance our understanding of the presence of diphyllobothriid species in commercial fish from the Southeastern Pacific Ocean and their potential impact on seafood safety for local human populations.
We implemented a fire risk assessment framework that combines spatially-explicit burn probabilities, post-fire mortality models and public auction timber prices, to estimate expected economic losses ...from wildfires in 155 black pine stands covering about 450ha in the Juslapeña Valley of central Navarra, northern Spain. A logit fire occurrence model was generated from observed historic fires to provide required fire ignition input data. Wildfire likelihood and intensity were estimated by modeling 50,000 fires with the minimum travel time algorithm (MTT) at 30m resolution under 97th percentile fire weather conditions. Post-fire tree mortality due to burning fire intensity at different successional stages ranged from 0.67% in the latest stages to 9.22% in the earliest. Stands showed a wide range of potential economic losses, and intermediate successional stage stands presented the highest values, with about 124€ha−1 on average. A fire risk map of the target areas was provided for forest management and risk mitigation purposes at the individual stand level. The approach proposed in this work has a wide potential for decision support, policy making and risk mitigation in southern European commercial conifer forests where large wildfires are the main natural hazard.
•We quantify economic losses from wildfires in black pine afforestation.•A fire modeling approach accounting for historic ignition probability and extreme fire weather was used to assess wildfire exposure at fine resolution.•We used successional stage specific response functions and timber prices.•Wildfire exposure and potential losses showed stand specific complex spatial patterns.•Results can help policy making and managing wildfire risk at individual stand level.
While there is ample research on the barriers and enablers for implementing circular economy (CE) in large companies and developed economies, scant research exists concerning the factors impacting CE ...implementation in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies. To address this gap, our research seeks to determine the internal and external barriers SMEs face when implementing CE initiatives in emerging economies and identify how they can leverage CE implementation through bottom-up approaches. We present a multiple-case study of five SMEs in Mexico. Our findings suggest that the lack of regional enabling conditions and unsuitability between the CE business strategy and the context can further exacerbate implementation barriers. In this sense, we found that in our study’s unsuccessful case, the company failed to align its business to the particularities of the markets where it operated. Contrary, successful initiatives adopted strategies that incorporated contextual attributes in their business models, such as available infrastructure, current regulations, or consumer characteristics. Our results provide lessons from both failing and successful CE initiatives implemented by SMEs in an emerging economy. This work intends to help practitioners, policymakers, and researchers to create the required enabling conditions to accelerate the transition toward a CE in these regions.
The purpose of this paper is to assess, theoretically and empirically, the governance approach associated with the formation of the circular value ecosystem (CVES) within the Sustainable Wealth ...creation based on Innovation and enabling Technologies (SWIT) framework. The SWIT framework is designed to interlink economic models, policies and strategies so as to introduce and convert residue, waste and by-product chains into multiple increasing returns cycles. Unlike regional circular economy cases in Germany, Japan and China where governments or industry have taken the lead on such initiatives - a top-down governance approach, the SWIT framework was developed for regions where government support for eco-initiatives is weak and where the participation of community stakeholders is critical – a bottom-up governance approach. The ecological, social and economic dimensions of the system are explored so as to ascertain the key stakeholders critical to the governance of the circular value ecosystem (CVES). We seek to answer: What stakeholders must be incorporated in a bottom-up CVES governance approach for the SWIT framework to be able to restore environmental resilience while creating economic returns and social benefits in rural communities? We report the results of an action research case – both successes and challenges – which sought to test this community-driven bottom-up governance approach on a rural community in Mexico. Our findings suggest that a bottom-up governance approach requires a deep understanding of the social, political, environmental and economic characteristics of the community as well as civic collaboration.
Sustainable development is a major concern for developing and developed economies as economic growth has to led to scarcer and more expensive resources. Although countries have established public ...policies focusing on resource and energy efficiency, there is an increasing need for a coordinated industrial strategy able to create sustainable wealth through a holistic management of natural resources, capable of “decoupling” economic growth from resource extraction and natural deterioration. Consequently, the objective of the present research is to develop a decoupling model able to create increasing economic returns, reducing the social gap and regenerating the natural capital for regions in developing countries. Departing from a literature review on peer reviewed articles on successful industrial cases of decoupling around the world, we contrasted the linear production model with the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)’s current four decoupling indicators in order to propose a more robust model. The result was an eight-factor decoupling model that used a well-supported framework for sustainable wealth creation named “circular value ecosystem” (CVES). By using system dynamics, we deployed the proposed framework using system dynamics modeling in order to improve the understanding of our proposal. We found that this model, with the proper regional conditions in developing countries, can: (1) reduce, through substitution, the consumption of natural resources; (2) produce alternative economic increasing returns; (3) reduce the negative environmental impacts; and (4) create self-sustainable wealth for the economy, the environment, and the social development of most stakeholders of these regions. Decoupling economic growth represents a complex and challenging task whose successful implementation can only be achieved if managed at a regional level with a systemic approach.
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•Anisotropic AgNPs were phototransformed from spherical seed NPs using LEDs.•Wavelength of irradiation was the only parameter to control size and morphology of the AgNPs.•AgNPs were ...characterized by UV–vis, SEM, DLS and Z-potential.•Catalytic reduction of methylene blue was morphology and size dependent.•Anisotropic AgNPs phototransformed with 500 nm irradiation presented the best catalytic performance.
Anisotropic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were phototransformed from spherical seed nanoparticles using LEDs that emit at five different wavelengths, this allowed us to directly compare the effect of size and morphology in their catalytic activity, given that the surface chemistry is the same for this set of AgNPs. The AgNPs were characterized with UV–vis spectroscopy, SEM, dynamic light scattering and Z-potential, and were tested in the catalytic reduction of methylene blue. The reduction kinetics presented a pseudo-first order model for all samples, showing that the sample phototransformed with the 500 nm LEDs had the best catalytic performance.
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