Various in vitro grown tissues (non-regenerative callus, regenerative callus and microshoot derived leaves) of Solanum nigrum L. were cultured under salinity stress (0—150 mM NaCl) for enhanced ...production of solasodine, a steroidal alkaloid and an alternative to diosgenin, which is used as a precursor for the commercial production of steroidal drugs. The role of plant growth regulators and various concentrations of NaCl during in vitro production of solasodine was studied. The in vitro yield was compared with the yield from leaves of field grown plant. Solasodine content was maximum (2.39 mg/g dry wt.) in regenerative callus when grown on medium added with 150 mM NaCl; followed by in vitro raised leaf of microshoot. Quantitative estimation of solasodine was carried out using a new HPTLC method, which is validated for its recovery and precession. The proposed HPTLC method showed a good linear relationship (r2=0.994) in 50—2000 ng/spot concentration ranges. The data demonstrate that the solasodine production in cultures was growth dependent.
In the present research, pristine ZnO and praseodymium (Pr)-doped ZnO (Pr
0.02
Zn
0.98
O,Pr
0.04
Zn
0.96
O) nanoparticles were synthesized using sol–gel method for photocatalytic degradation of ...methyl orange (MO) dye under visible light illumination. The structure of the designed nanoparticles was shown by XRD to be hexagonal wurtzite structure with no spurious peaks. The EDS was used to authenticate the existence of dopant with elemental composition. Enhanced optical absorption in the visible region was observed by DRS study. The photocatalytic test revealed that Pr
0.04
Zn
0.96
O demonstrated the excellent photocatalytic performance for MO degradation under visible light illumination. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under visible light illumination verified the increased photocatalytic activity of Pr
0.04
Zn
0.96
O photocatalyst. These results identify that introduction of Pr-doped ZnO nanoparticles enhanced the visible light active degradation activity due to inhibition of electron–hole recombination, thereby enhancing the optical response of ZnO to visible region.
Dietary lysine requirement of fingerling Channa punctatus (5.64 ± .08g) was determined by feeding isoproteic (450g/kg crude protein) and isoenergetic (14.73 kJ/g digestible energy) diets with graded ...concentrations of lysine (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35g/kg dry diet) to triplicate groups to apparent satiation at 08:00, 12:30 and 17:30 h for 12‐week. Absolute weight gain (AWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein gain (PG), lysine retention efficiency (LRE) and RNA/DNA ratio were found to increase with the increasing concentrations of lysine up to 20g/kg dry diet. Carcass protein increased up to 20g/kg dietary lysine, whereas carcass fat decreased significantly. Total serum protein and superoxide dismutase activity responded positively (p < .05), while aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities negatively up to 20g/kg dietary lysine level. Quadratic regression analysis of AWG, FCR, PRE, LRE, Hb and Hct against dietary lysine levels indicated the lysine requirement ranging between 22.2 and 24.0g/kg dry diet corresponding to 49.4 and 53.4g/kg protein.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Amino acids are important molecules in fish nutrition with critical roles in protein synthesis, immune function and health. Among the essential amino acids, arginine is one of the functional amino ...acids in animals. Arginine requirement in fish ranges between 3.0 and 8.1% of dietary protein. The amino acid involves in ureagenesis, immune function, antioxidant defence, somatotropic axis, stress responses and ammonia detoxification in fish. To have an extended insight about the current knowledge of arginine effects in fish, this article reviewed available data on arginine effects in different fish species. It covers variations in arginine requirements of different fish species, interaction of arginine with lysine and glutamine, modulation of ureagenesis and ammonia detoxification, modulation of insulin and growth hormone responses, cortisol response, modulation of antioxidant system, immune responses and disease resistance. This review indicates that rearing conditions and dietary ingredients may affect fish arginine requirement. In addition, there is a need for further data about the antioxidant effects of arginine under oxidative condition, its immunostimulant effects under pathogenic challenge, mechanisms of ammonia detoxification and cortisol response by arginine in different fish species.
A comprehensive reference to renewable energy technologies with a focus on power generation and integration into power systems This book addresses the generation of energy (primarily electrical) ...through various renewable sources.
Multiple rare earth metal cations (Gd, Yb, Ho and Pr) were doped in yttrium iron garnet (YIG) nanocrystalline ferrites. Following five samples i.e. YIG (Y3Fe5O12), Gd doped YIG (Y2.8Gd0.2Fe5O12), Pr ...doped YIG (Y2.8Pr0.2Fe5O12), Ho doped YIG (Y2.8Ho0.2Fe5O12) and Yb doped YIG (Y2.8Yb0.2Fe5O12) were prepared using sol-gel auto-combustion synthesis route. The samples were characterized via XRD, FTIR, SEM and VSM whereas VNA was also used to evaluate these samples for high frequency applications. XRD analysis confirms the peaks of garnet ferrites which show cubic phase structure for all YIG doped samples. The lattice constant in all the substituted garnet nanoferrites initially increased and then consequently decreased as the doping increased except for Pr-substituted YIG nanoferrites. This is due to the greater ionic radii of Pr as compared to other doped YIG nanoferrites. FTIR was used to find out the garnet phase in all the substituted YIG nanoferrites. The morphological features of the garnet nanoferrites were observed using the SEM images. High frequency measurements such as permittivity, permeability, dielectric losses, ac conductivity, electric modulus and Q factor of YIG and doped YIG nanoferrites were measured using VNA. Saturation magnetization, remanence, coercivity, squareness ratio, Bohr magneton and magneto crystalline anisotropy were measured from the magnetic hysteresis loops recorded by VSM. Pr-doped YIG show better dielectric and magnetic properties with lower losses at higher frequency suggest the use of these garnet nanoferrites for microwave high frequency devices and applications.
State estimation is one of the most important functions in power system operation and control. This area is concerned with the overall monitoring, control, and contingency evaluation of power ...systems. It is mainly aimed at providing a reliable estimate of system voltages. State estimator information flows to control centers, where critical decisions are made concerning power system design and operations. This valuable resource provides thorough coverage of this area, helping professionals overcome challenges involving system quality, reliability, security, stability, and economy. Engineers are introduced to new techniques for their work in the field, including current measurements and phasor measurement units. Moreover, the book includes a novel discussion on state estimation for distributed systems. Professionals find expert guidance for their current projects and discover cutting-edge developments that will help prepare them for work with future energy management systems.
In this work, a metal-organic framework (MOF-200) demonstrating microporosity was prepared from organic linker 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxy1,2-biphenyl-4-yl)-benzene) (H3BBC) and salt Zinc Nitrate ...Hexahydrate (Zn-(NO3)2·6H2O) via direct solution-based and catalyst-free method. The MOF-200 was further post-synthetically modified to MOF-200/GO with graphene oxide (GO). The structural and texture properties of MOF-200 and MOF-200/GO were investigated by FESEM, FTIR, Raman analysis, powder XRD, thermal stability, BET analysis, and selective adsorption behavior of CO2/CH4. The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms reveal their highly microporous nature. The results showed the loss in surface area from 3624 m2/g (MOF-200) to 3359 m2/g (MOF-200/GO) due to post-synthetic modification with an improvement in CO2 uptake capacity of 15% due to successful surface functionalities attachment exhibiting remarkable CO2 philic nature. Both MOF-200 and MOF-200/GO were found crystalline in nature and highly stable under thermal conditions. Furthermore, the isotherms study by using the Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich isotherm, Sips isotherm, and Toth isotherm models was carried out. The isotherms-based results demonstrated favorable adsorption behavior with heterogenous systems and demand pore activation by employing high-pressure gas adsorption.
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•Graphene oxide-functionalized MOF-200 was synthesized and characterized for selective CO2 and CH4 adsorption.•The MOF-200 and MOF-200/GO were found to be crystalline and thermally stable.•Graphene oxide functionalization improved CO2 adsorption capacity by 15%.•The adsorption isotherms studies revealed the heterogenous system with favorable adsorption.
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Consumption of water having excessive arsenic (As) contamination can cause adverse health effects on human beings. In this study, novel ultra-large zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanosheets ...were successfully synthesized using graphene oxide (GO) templates and their adsorption-ability was studied for arsenite (As(III)). Owing to higher values of surface area, numbers of available hydroxyl groups and strong chemisorption binding affinity towards As(III), the synthesized novel ultra-large ZrO2 nanosheets showed high adsorption-ability for As(III) over a wide pH range. Experimental results demonstrated that the maximum adsorption-ability of the ZrO2 nanosheets for As(III) reached to 74.9 mg/g at pH 6. BET, zeta potential, effect of initial pH, FTIR and XPS have been used to analyze the As(III) adsorption process on the ZrO2 nanosheets. The experiments for effects of co-existing ions indicated that ZrO2 nanosheets possessed good anti-interference ability towards co-existing ions. Furthermore, the ZrO2 nanosheets demonstrated very fast and excellent treatment of simulated real As(III) polluted water, consequently the effluent concentration met the standard regulated by World Health Organization. This study suggested that the as-prepared ZrO2 nanosheets could be potentially applied in practical drinking water treatment.
The influence of Cu substitution on the structural and morphological characteristics of Ni–Zn nanocrystalline ferrites have been discussed in this work. The detailed and systematic magnetic ...characterizations were also done for Cu substituted Ni–Zn nanoferrites. The nanocrystalline ferrites of Cu substituted CuxZn0.5−xNi0.5Fe2O4 ferrites (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) were synthesized using sol gel self-combustion hybrid method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to investigate the properties of Cu substituted nanocrystalline ferrites. Single phase structure of Cu substituted in Ni–Zn nanocrystalline ferrites were investigated for all the samples. Crystallite size, lattice constant and volume of the cell were found to increase by increasing Cu contents in spinel structure. The better morphology with well-organized nanocrystals of Cu–Zn–Ni ferrites at x=0 and 0.5 were observed from both FESEM and TEM analysis. The average grain size was 35–46nm for all prepared nanocrystalline samples. Magnetic properties such as coercivity, saturation, remanence, magnetic squareness, magneto crystalline anisotropy constant (K) and Bohr magneton were measured from the recorded M–H loops. The magnetic saturation and remanence were increased by the incorporation of Cu contents. However, coercivity follow the Stoner-Wolforth model except for x=0.3 which may be due to the site occupancy and replacement of Cu contents from octahedral site. The squareness ratio confirmed the super paramgnetic behaviour of the Cu substituted in Ni–Zn nanocrystalline ferrites. Furthermore, Cu substituted Ni–Zn nanocrystalline ferrites may be suitable for many industrial and domestic applications such as components of transformers, core, switching, and MLCI’s due to variety of the soft magnetic characteristics.
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•Cu substituted ZnNi nanoferrites were synthesized using sol gel self-combustion.•Crystallite size, lattice constant and volume of the cell were increased by increasing Cu contents.•Bohr magneton magneto crystalline anisotropy constant and saturation magnetization were evaluated.•Saturation magnetization was also calculated by using LoA.•CuZnNi Nanocrystalline ferrites can be used for transformers, core, switching, and MLCI’s applications.
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