Chronic wound management represents a major challenge in the healthcare sector owing to its delayed wound-healing process progression and huge financial burden. In this regard, wound dressings ...provide an appropriate platform for facilitating wound healing for several decades. However, adherent traditional wound dressings do not provide effective wound healing for highly exudating chronic wounds and need the development of newer and innovative wound dressings to facilitate accelerated wound healing. In addition, these dressings need frequent changing, resulting in more pain and discomfort. In order to overcome these issues, a wide range of affordable and innovative modern wound dressings have been developed and explored recently to accelerate and improve the wound healing process. However, a comprehensive understanding of various in vitro and in vivo characterization methods being utilized for the evaluation of different modern wound dressings is lacking. In this context, an overview of modern dressings and their complete in vitro and in vivo characterization methods for wound healing assessment is provided in this review. Herein, various emerging modern wound dressings with advantages and challenges have also been reviewed. Furthermore, different in vitro wound healing assays and in vivo wound models being utilized for the evaluation of wound healing progression and wound healing rate using wound dressings are discussed in detail. Finally, a summary of modern wound dressings with challenges and the future outlook is highlighted.
Zinc metal is an attractive anode material for next‐generation batteries. However, dendrite growth and limited Coulombic efficiency (CE) during cycling are the major roadblocks towards the widespread ...commercialization of batteries employing Zn anodes. In this work we report the novel adoption of triethyl phosphate (TEP) as a solvent and co‐solvent with aqueous electrolytes to obtain a highly stable and dendrite‐free Zn anode. Stable Zn plating/stripping for over 3000 h was obtained, accompanied by a CE of 99.68 %. SEM images of the Zn anodes revealed highly porous interconnected dendrite‐free Zn deposits. The electrolyte displayed good compatibility with both Zn anodes and potassium copper hexacyanoferrate (KCuHCf) cathodes for Zn ion batteries (ZIBs). The full cell showed a long cycling stability and high rate capability. The present work is a contribution towards cost‐effective and safe battery systems.
Charging for TEP water: A triethyl phosphate based electrolyte for potential use in Zn batteries is investigated. It shows an excellent stability of the Zn anode with a Coulomb efficiency of 99.68 %, a cycling life of Zn/Zn cells of over 3000 h, and a high areal capacity of 5 mAh cm−2. The results might inspire the development of new safe rechargable Zn batteries.
Safety concerns pose a significant challenge for the large‐scale employment of lithium–sulfur batteries. Extremely flammable conventional electrolytes and dendritic lithium deposition cause severe ...safety issues. Now, an intrinsic flame‐retardant (IFR) electrolyte is presented consisting of 1.1 m lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in a solvent mixture of flame‐retardant triethyl phosphate and high flashpoint solvent 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl‐2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl (1:3, v/v) for safe lithium–sulfur (Li−S) batteries. This electrolyte exhibits favorable flame‐retardant properties and high reversibility of the lithium metal anode (Coulombic efficiency >99 %). This IFR electrolyte enables stable lithium plating/stripping behavior with micro‐sized and dense‐packing lithium deposition at high temperatures. When coupled with a sulfurized pyrolyzed poly(acrylonitrile) cathode, Li−S batteries deliver a high composite capacity (840.1 mAh g−1) and high sulfur utilization of 95.6 %.
Fireproof: An intrinsic flame‐retardant (IFR) electrolyte was developed to address safety concerns of Li−S batteries. The IFR electrolyte enabled high reversibility and stability of Li. Unique electrode interphases led to micro‐sized Li deposition and high‐performance Li−S batteries at high temperatures.
Dendrite and interfacial reactions have affected zinc (Zn) metal anodes for rechargeable batteries many years. Here, these obstacles are bypassed via adopting an intrinsically safe trimethyl ...phosphate (TMP)‐based electrolyte to build a stable Zn anode. Along with cycling, pristine Zn foil is gradually converted to a graphene‐analogous deposit via TMP surfactant and a Zn phosphate molecular template. This novel Zn anode morphology ensures long‐term reversible plating/stripping performance over 5000 h, a rate capability of 5 mA cm−2, and a remarkably high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of ≈99.57% without dendrite formation. As a proof‐of‐concept, a Zn–VS2 full cell demonstrates an ultralong lifespan, which provides an alternative for electrochemical energy storage devices.
Trimethyl phosphate (TMP) is adopted as a safe and highly stable (co)solvent for zinc (Zn) batteries, which affords excellent compatibility with the Zn anode. A cycle life of over 5000 h for Zn/Zn symmetric cells with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.57%, accompanied by a dendrite‐free graphene‐analogous morphology are the key outcomes of this work.
Public health emergencies and epidemics shatter the assumptions of the world as a safe place. Healthcare workers are at the forefront of such pressures resulting from a persistent threat to their ...safety and well being. It is therefore important to study such mechanisms that can influence and predict the psychological distress of nurses
While there is an increasing number of studies on positive outcomes of leadership styles, their influence on curbing unwanted adverse outcomes is scarce. This study aims to observe the influence of an inclusive leadership style on psychological distress while assessing the mediating role of psychological safety. It uses the theoretical lens of job demands-resources theory and the theory of shattered assumptions to develop and test hypotheses.
Cross-Sectional Study with Temporal Separation
The researchers recruited 451 on-duty registered nurses from 5 hospitals providing patient care during the highly infectious phase of COVID-19 in January 2020 in Wuhan city, the epicentre of the outbreak in China
After obtaining permission from hospital administration, data were collected through an online questionnaire survey in three stages with temporal separation to avoid common method bias. Partial least square structural equation modelling was used to analyze data. The study controlled for effects of age, gender, experience, working hours and education.
Hypothesized relationships proved significant. Inclusive leadership has an inverse relationship with psychological distress with a strong path-coefficient. Psychological safety mediates the relationship between inclusive leadership and psychological distress while explaining 28.6% variance. Multi-group analysis results indicate no significant differences between respondents based on these control variables
Recurring or prolonged experiences of stress and anxiety at the workplace, without a mechanism to counter such effects, can culminate into psychological distress. Inclusive leadership style can serve as such a mechanism to curb psychological distress for healthcare workers by creating a psychologically safe environment.
Aims
Nurses are at the forefront of public health emergencies facing psychological pressures ensuing from the loss of patients and potential risk of infection while treating the infected. This study ...examines whether inclusive leadership has a causal relationship with psychological distress and to assess the mediation effect of psychological safety on this relationship in the long run. The hypotheses are developed and interpreted with the help of theoretical underpinnings from job demands resources theory and the theory of shattered assumptions.
Design
Three‐wave longitudinal study.
Methods
Questionnaire was used to carry out three waves of data collection from 405 nurses employed at five hospitals in Wuhan during the COVID‐19 outbreak between the months of January–April 2020. Partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) was used to analyze data while controlling for age, gender, education, experience, and working hours.
Results
Results supported the hypothesized relationships where inclusive leadership indicated significant inverse causal relationship with psychological distress and a positive causal relationship with psychological safety. Mediation effect of psychological safety was found significant, while the model explained 73.9% variance in psychological distress.
Conclusion
Inclusive leadership, through its positive and supportive characteristics, can pave way for such mechanisms that improve the psychological safety of employees in the long run and curbs psychological distress.
Impact
This is the first longitudinal study to examine the relationship between inclusive leadership and psychological distress in health care and also examines the mediating mechanism of psychology safety. There is scarcity of empirical research on factors that determine and affect behavioural mechanism of healthcare workers during traumatic events and crisis. Clinical leaders and healthcare policy makers must invest in and promote inclusive and supportive environment characterized with open and accessible leaders at workplace to improve psychological safety; it helps reduce levels of psychological distress.
摘要
目的
护士处于公共卫生紧急情况的最前沿,面临着因患者流失以及在治疗被感染者时潜在的感染风险而产生的心理压力。该研究审查了包容性领导是否对心理困扰具有因果关系,并从长远角度评估心理安全对因果关系的调解作用。该假设的发展和理解与工作需求资源理论和分离假设理论有关。
设计
三波纵向研究。
方法
从2020年1月到4月,新冠疫情爆发期间,募集了武汉五家医院的405名护士,采用问卷调查的形式进行三波数据采集。采用偏最小二乘法结构方程模型(PLS‐SEM),分析数据,同时控制年龄、性别、学历、经验和工作时间。
结果
结果支持该假设关系,其中心理困扰和包容型领导呈反因果关系,而和心理安全呈正因果关系。心理安全的中间效果尤为重要,而该模型表明心理困扰的变化率为73.9%。
结论
由于具有积极和支撑性特点,包容型领导可对长期改善员工心理安全并抑制心理困扰的机制发挥作用。
影响
这是第一项纵向研究,旨在探讨医疗保健中包容性领导与心理困扰之间的关系,并探讨心理安全的中间机制。在创伤和危机期间,确定和影响医护人员行为机制的因素的实证研究较匮乏。临床领导者和医疗保健政策制定者必须投资并促进具有包容性和支持性的环境,其特点是工作场所应具有开放性和可及性的领导者,以改善心理安全;其有助于改善心理困扰。
Employees' pro‐environmental behavior serves as a cornerstone in realizing organizations' sustainability initiatives. Leadership plays a vital role in shaping and nurturing the desired employee ...behaviors. Building upon social learning and self‐determination theories, we developed and tested a research model that investigated the mediating role of employees' green intrinsic motivation and the moderating influence of their green self‐efficacy on the relationship between green servant leadership and pro‐environmental behavior. Data were collected in two waves from 323 pairs of employee‐manager working in Pakistan's energy sector and analyzed with partial least squares path modeling (PLS‐PM). The findings endorsed that green servant leadership influences pro‐environmental behavior through the mediating mechanism of green intrinsic motivation. Further, green self‐efficacy played an interactive role with green servant leadership in shaping pro‐environmental behavior. This research responds to multiple calls for research and advances the knowledge on servant leadership and pro‐environmental behavior.
Photocatalytic water splitting is considered one of the most important and appealing approaches for the production of green H2 to address the global energy demand. The utmost possible form of ...artificial photosynthesis is a two‐step photoexcitation known as “Z‐scheme”, which mimics the natural photosystem. This process solely relies on the effective coupling and suitable band positions of semiconductors (SCs) and redox mediators for the purpose to catalyze the surface chemical reactions and significantly deter the backward reaction. In recent years, the Z‐scheme strategies and their key role have been studied progressively through experimental approaches. In addition, theoretical studies based on density functional theory have provided detailed insight into the mechanistic aspects of some breathtakingly complex problems associated with hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction. In this context, this critical review gives an overview of the fundamentals of Z‐scheme photocatalysis, including both theoretical and experimental advancements in the field of photocatalytic water splitting, and suggests future perspectives.
Solar‐driven water splitting has attracted substantial attention over the past decades as it not only provides a clean and sustainable fuel but also promises to dramatically reduce CO2 emissions. The utmost possible form of artificial photosynthesis is a two‐step photoexcitation known as “Z‐scheme”, which mimics the natural photosystem, and considerably enhances the stability and efficiency of overall water splitting.
The Li-S batteries have been rewarded as the one of the most promising candidates due to their high energy densities. In this study, the common nonflammable solvent triethyl phosphate (TEP) is used ...for the first time as a co-solvent in Li-S battery. In the highly safe electrolyte system of 1 M LiBOB/TEP + FEC (7 : 3, v/v), the sulfur composite cathodes show enhanced cycling performance with a satisfactory capacity retention of 91.3% after 500 cycles at 1C.
Employees' voluntary green behavior (EVGB) is indispensable in realizing organizations' environmental sustainability objectives. Leaders can act as catalysts to shape the behavior of their employees. ...On EVGB, noticeably the missing link is investigating the influence of servant leadership and the mechanism through which it operates. Building upon self-determination and psychological empowerment theories, this research examined the impact of servant leadership on EVGB through the simple and sequential mediation of psychological empowerment and autonomous motivation for the environment (AME). Through systematic sampling, dyadic data were collected from 315 pairs of subordinates and supervisors working in the power sector organizations of Pakistan. Results were obtained by employing the partial least squares structural modeling (PLS-SEM) technique with Smart-PLS 3.2.8 software. Findings revealed that psychological empowerment and AME simply and sequentially mediate the influence of servant leadership on EVGB. Implications for theory and organizational practitioners are offered, accompanied by suggestions for future research.
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