Abstract
Background
Root debridement procedures for the treatment of periodontal diseases, produces root surface irregularities and smear layer on the root surface that can adversely affect the ...healing of periodontal tissues. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the surface texture of root after hand instrumentation with Gracey curette, After Five curette, and Mini Five curette.
Methods
A randomised, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 120 participants clinically diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. Participants were equally randomised into four groups, with parallel treatment assignment of scaling and root planning using Gracey Curettes, After five and Mini five curette, and a control group with no instrumentation. Mobile teeth of these patients were then extracted atraumatically and analysed under a Scanning Electron Microscope and graded for "Roughness and Loss of Tooth substance index" and "Smear layer index." Cross Tabulation was made between the test groups (Control, Gracey Curette, After five, and Mini Five) versus "Roughness and Loss of Tooth substance Index" and "Smear Layer Index." A Chi-square test with Bonferroni correction was used to determine the graded distribution among the groups.
Results
In the control group, 73.3% of the teeth showed grade 1 roughness. In the Gracey group, 56.7% showed grade 2 roughness; in the After 5 group, 70% showed grade 3 roughness; in the Mini 5 group, 76.7% showed grade 3 roughness. A significant association was found between roughness scores and the use of individual instruments. Regarding smear layer formation, 46.7% of teeth showed a grade 4 smear layer in the control group. 50% of teeth showed grade 2 smear layer thickness in the Gracey group. In the After 5 group, 73.3% of teeth showed a grade 1 smear layer, while in the Mini 5 group, 80.0% showed a grade 1 smear layer. The use of individual instruments was significantly associated with the smear layer scores.
Conclusion
Gracey curettes produced relatively smoother root surfaces with less smear layer formation than After Five and Mini Five curettes, which produced relatively more roughened root surfaces with thicker smear layer formation.
Trial registration
ID: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04216966 Date of Registration: January 3, 2020.
To compare the effect of propolis and gluma desensitisers on the management of dentin hypersensitivity.
The single-blind, randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Operative ...Dentistry, Dr Ishrat ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from October 2020 to September 2021, and comprised patients with dentin hypersensitivity who had pain scores of at least 2 on the visual analogue scale. The teeth were randomised into propolis group A and Gluma group B. Baseline pain scores were assessed using visual analogue scale and Schiff's sensitivity scores and compared with scores immediately after the intervention, and then after one week and one month of the intervention. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Of the 22 patients, 12(54.5%) were females and 10(45.4%) were males. Of the 80 teeth, there were 40(50%) in each of the 2 groups. Significant reduction was observed in dentin hypersensitivity immediately after the application of the desensitising agents (p<0.05). However, after one month, Gluma was more effective than propolis (p<0.05).
Both Gluma and propolis were found to be effective desensitising agents, but the effectiveness of propolis decreased over one month.
Clinical Trials.gov: NCT04819867.
Accurate prediction of residue burial as well as quantitative prediction of residue-specific contributions to protein stability and activity is challenging, especially in the absence of experimental ...structural information. This is important for prediction and understanding of disease causing mutations, and for protein stabilization and design. Using yeast surface display of a saturation mutagenesis library of the bacterial toxin CcdB, we probe the relationship between ligand binding and expression level of displayed protein, with
solubility in
and
thermal stability. We find that both the stability and solubility correlate well with the total amount of active protein on the yeast cell surface but not with total amount of expressed protein. We coupled FACS and deep sequencing to reconstruct the binding and expression mean fluorescent intensity of each mutant. The reconstructed mean fluorescence intensity (MFI
) was used to differentiate between buried site, exposed non active-site and exposed active-site positions with high accuracy. The MFI
was also used as a criterion to identify destabilized as well as stabilized mutants in the library, and to predict the melting temperatures of destabilized mutants. These predictions were experimentally validated and were more accurate than those of various computational predictors. The approach was extended to successfully identify buried and active-site residues in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting it has general applicability.
ABSTRACT Weather extremes can have profound impact on plant physiology. The altered physiology of stressed plant can also modify trophic interactions in that plant environment. Aphids are important ...pests of wheat crop causing direct or indirect injury to the crop. The pest is routinely managed through use of insecticides. Insecticides due to their toxic effects are mostly not desired for use on food crops. Thus, alternative approaches such as biological and cultural control are more desirable. This research explores irrigation stress impacts on wheat aphids, predators, and yield characteristics under field conditions. The wheat crop was stressed at any of the tillering, booting, heading or grain formation stages by skipping irrigation during entire length of each stage. Unstressed wheat enjoyed irrigation at all four stages. Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) was the most abundant aphid species and coccinellids, the most abundant predators. S. graminum was least on unstressed or tillering stressed wheatbut was the most on wheat stressed at booting, heading, and grain formation stages. Irrigation stress reduced chlorophyll contents (5-25%) and wheat yield (kg/ha) (6-31%) when compared with unstressed wheat. The irrigation stress changed coccinellid abundance and predator-prey ratio. Altered plant physiology and a weaken plant defense under irrigation stress attracted feeding by more aphids which resultantly reduced chlorophyll amount. The abundant prey attracted more predation in the stressed wheat. The aphids and predator's preference change under irrigation stress are clear in our findings. We also discuss tri-trophic effects and implications of current study toward wheat aphid control.
The prevalence of edentulism is pandemic and people resort to complete dentures for the restoration of missing teeth and esthetics. However, the determination of the correct occlusal vertical ...dimensions (OVD) constitutes to play an important role in overall patient satisfaction. The objective of this study was to apply anthropometric methods to correlate the length of index finger (2D) to measure the OVD from base of the nose to the base of the chin (Sn-Me) and to assess satisfaction by comparing both the methods. A total of 80 edentulous patients were randomized and controlled for this trial into experimental and control groups. A correlation was found between Sn-Me and finger measurements, dentures' satisfaction was assessed after a 1-week follow-up and marked according to the Visual Analog Scale. Our findings established that finger measurements are greater among males, and in both genders, positive, and statistically significant correlations exist between the facial and finger length measurements. Moreover, 97.0% patients from experimental group were satisfied with the use of complete dentures through the new anthropometric method. Hence measuring the length of index finger can be an adjunct method for the restoration of OVD and is a relatively time-effective and simple method with a satisfactory follow-up.Trial registration: ID: NCT05153213 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05153213 ).
Summary
Identification of disturbances that pushes the power system towards insecure limits can assist in timely remedial measures to be taken for improving situation awareness. The information about ...event's signature is primarily available in the form of frequency or voltage signals obtained from phasor measurements units (PMUs) in real‐time. Proper evaluation of power system event characteristics enhances the situational awareness and assists system operator to develop required corrective measures for secure operations. In this paper, a fast and accurate algorithm is proposed to identify, classify and locate the events using minimum synchronized data for enhancing the situational awareness of the system. An index is developed with short window synchronized bus frequency data of 18 cycles to detect an event in the network. For identifying the type of event, the same data length bus voltage magnitude and frequency synchronized measurements are utilized to develop statistical measures based novel indices. A rule‐based inference from event's signature is also developed to validate the usefulness of indices for classification and location identification of the event. These extracted statistical indices are applied as input to the Random Forest Classifier to classify and locate the events in real‐time. The proposed approach captures real‐time synchronized data and is adaptive to system topological changes. The proposed comprehensive approach for situational awareness is applied to standard IEEE 39 Bus test system and IEEE 118 Bus test system. The results highlight the performance of the composite method for event identification, classification and location identification with less computational burden and high accuracy.
Innovative indices calculated from PMU measurements from all buses (frequency and voltage) identify events, its type & location within “half second” including communication delay of event occurrence. The efficacy of proposed method is established through test on standard IEEE‐39 New England test system and IEEE 118 bus test system.
We present a wearable passive UHF RFID tag based on a circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna on a textile substrate. The antenna miniaturization is based on applying a combination of the cross- and ...L-shaped slots in the radiator. In conjunction, the right-hand circular polarization is achieved by asymmetrically truncating all four corners of the square-shaped radiator. Despite using a regular low-permittivity textile as the antenna substrate, we downsized the antenna to a 5 cm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\times \,\,5 </tex-math></inline-formula> cm footprint with the thickness of 4 mm, which is equal to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">0.1525 {\lambda }\,\, \times \,\,0.1525 {\lambda }\,\, \times \,\,0.0091 {\lambda } </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX"> {\lambda } </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free space wavelength at 915 MHz. In the numerical modeling and optimization of the antenna, we used a simplified cuboid-shaped and anatomical human body models. In addition to simulated conventional antenna performance indicators, we introduce spatial coverage as a new parameter for assessing the detection reliability of UHF RFID tags. Finally, we measured a manufactured tag worn in four different configurations on the body. The measured axial ratio value was approximately 2 dB in all cases and the tag provided a high attainable read range of around 5.8 meters for a right-hand CP reader emitting 3.28 W EIRP.
The shoulder is the least constrained of all joints of the body and is more susceptible to injury including dislocation. The rate of recurrent instability following primary stabilization procedure at ...10 years of follow-up ranged from 3.4 to 20%. There is a lack of evidence in the literature regarding use of labral tape and anchors for anterior stabilization despite the growing market for this product. We describe the outcomes of 67 patients who underwent knotless arthroscopic anterior stabilisation under awake anaesthesia using 1.5 mm LabralTape with 2.9 mm Pushlock anchors for primary anterior instability by a single surgeon.
This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected outcome data for adult patients undergoing anterior stabilisation for primary traumatic anterior shoulder instability between 2013 and 2016 at two centres. Patients with > 25% glenoid bone loss, engaging Hill Sach's, and multidirectional instability were excluded. All cases underwent surgery using awake anaesthetic technique. The surgical technique and post-operative physiotherapy was standardized. Outcomes were measured at 6 months and 12 months.
Of the 74 patients in our study, 7 were lost to follow up. Outcomes were measured using the Oxford Instability Shoulder Score (OISS) and clinical assessment including the range of motion. The OISS showed statistically significant improvement from a mean score and standard deviation (SD) of 24.72 ± 2.8 pre-surgery to 43.09 ± 3.5 after the procedure at 12 months with good to excellent outcomes in 66 cases (98.5%). The mean abduction was 134.2 ± 6.32 and external rotation was 72.55 ± 5.42 at 60-90 position at 12 months. We report no failures due to knot slippage or anchor pull-out.
Our case series using the above technique has distinct advantages of combining a small non-absorbable implant with flat, braided, and high-strength polyethylene tape. This technique demonstrates superior medium term results to conventional suture knot techniques for labral stabilization thereby validating its use.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Quinoa is a highly nutritious and abiotic stress-tolerant crop that can be used to ensure food security for the rapidly growing world population under changing climate conditions. Various ...experiments, based on morphology, phenology, physiology, and yield-related attributes, are being conducted across the globe to check its adoptability under stressful environmental conditions. High weed infestation, early stand establishment, photoperiod sensitivity, loss of seed viability after harvest, and heat stress during its reproductive stage are major constraints to its cultivation. The presence of saponin on its outer surface is also a significant restriction to its local consumption. Scientists are using modern breeding programs, such as participatory approaches, to understand and define breeding goals to promote quinoa adaptation under marginalized conditions. Despite its rich nutritional value, there is still a need to create awareness among people and industries about its nutritional profile and potential for revenue generation. In the future, the breeding of the sweet and larger-grain quinoa varietals will be an option for avoiding the cleaning of saponins, but with the risk of having more pests in the field. There is also a need to focus on mechanized farming systems for the cultivation, harvesting, and processing of quinoa to facilitate and expand its cultivation and consumption across the globe, considering its high genetic diversity.
Application of intracanal medicaments may affect the physical properties of root dentine. Calcium hydroxide (CH), a gold standard intracanal medicament, has proven to decrease root dentine ...microhardness. A natural extract, propolis, has been shown to be superior to CH in eradicating endodontic microbes, but its effect on the microhardness of root dentine is still not known. This investigation aims to evaluate the effect of propolis on root dentine microhardness compared to calcium hydroxide. Ninety root discs were randomly divided into three groups and treated with CH, propolis, and a control. A Vickers hardness indentation machine with a load of 200 g and dwell time of 15 s at 24 h, 3, and 7 days was used for microhardness testing. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. A progressive decrease in microhardness values was observed in CH (
< 0.01), whereas a progressive increase was observed in the propolis group (
< 0.01). At 7 days, propolis demonstrated the highest microhardness value (64.43 ± 1.69), whereas CH demonstrated the lowest value (48.46 ± 1.60). The root dentine microhardness increased over time when propolis was applied, while it decreased over time after application of CH on root dentine sections.
PDF
