The growing demand for rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with higher capacity in customized geometries underscores the need for new battery materials, architectures, and assembly strategies. ...Here, the design, fabrication, and electrochemical performance of fully 3D printed LIBs composed of thick semisolid electrodes that exhibit high areal capacity are reported. Specifically, semisolid cathode and anode inks, as well as UV curable packaging and separator inks for direct writing of LIBs in arbitrary geometries are created. These fully 3D printed and packaged LIBs, which are encased between two glassy carbon current collectors, deliver an areal capacity of 4.45 mAh cm−2 at a current density of 0.14 mA cm−2, which is equivalent to 17.3 Ah L−1. The ability to produce high‐performance LIBs in customized form factors opens new avenues for integrating batteries directly within 3D printed objects.
Fully 3D‐printed and packaged lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) composed of thick, semisolid biphasic electrodes are created in customized form factors. These 3D‐printed, rechargeable LIBs exhibit high areal energy and power densities.
Fabrication of 3D electronic structures in the micrometer-to-millimeter range is extremely challenging due to the inherently 2D nature of most conventional wafer-based fabrication methods. ...Self-assembly, and the related method of self-folding of planar patterned membranes, provide a promising means to solve this problem. Here, we investigate self-assembly processes driven by wetting interactions to shape the contour of a functional, nonplanar photovoltaic (PV) device. A mechanics model based on the theory of thin plates is developed to identify the critical conditions for self-folding of different 2D geometrical shapes. This strategy is demonstrated for specifically designed millimeter-scale silicon objects, which are self-assembled into spherical, and other 3D shapes and integrated into fully functional light-trapping PV devices. The resulting 3D devices offer a promising way to efficiently harvest solar energy in thin cells using concentrator microarrays that function without active light tracking systems.
Conformal printing of electrically small antennas onto the convex and concave surfaces of hemispherical glass substrates is demonstrated. Their bandwidth approaches the fundamental limit for their ...size, offering nearly an order of magnitude improvement over rudimentary monopole designs.
Screen printing is a potential technique for mass-production of printed electronics; however, improvement in printing resolution is needed for high integration and performance. In this study, screen ...printing of highly loaded silver ink (77 wt %) on polyimide films is studied using fine-scale silicon stencils with openings ranging from 5 to 50 μm wide. This approach enables printing of high-resolution silver lines with widths as small as 22 μm. The printed silver lines on polyimide exhibit good electrical properties with a resistivity of 5.5 × 10–6 Ω cm and excellent bending tolerance for bending radii greater than 5 mm (tensile strains less than 0.75%).
The high natural abundance of silicon, together with its excellent reliability and good efficiency in solar cells, suggest its continued use in production of solar energy, on massive scales, for the ...foreseeable future. Although organics, nanocrystals, nanowires and other new materials hold significant promise, many opportunities continue to exist for research into unconventional means of exploiting silicon in advanced photovoltaic systems. Here, we describe modules that use large-scale arrays of silicon solar microcells created from bulk wafers and integrated in diverse spatial layouts on foreign substrates by transfer printing. The resulting devices can offer useful features, including high degrees of mechanical flexibility, user-definable transparency and ultrathin-form-factor microconcentrator designs. Detailed studies of the processes for creating and manipulating such microcells, together with theoretical and experimental investigations of the electrical, mechanical and optical characteristics of several types of module that incorporate them, illuminate the key aspects.
Silver inks find applications in printed electronics as conductive electrodes. Amphiphilic silver microparticles are prepared by modifying PAA-capped particles with functional amines via an amidation ...reaction. These modified silver particles can be dispersed in a wide variety of solvents ranging from water (ε = 80.4) to lipophilic alcohols (ε = 3–17) to yield conductive inks with tunable wettability. Using these inks, we have demonstrated aerosol jet printing of conductive silver patterns (36 μm wide, 1.2 μm thick) on Kapton. Electrical resistivity of 3.7 μΩ cm is obtained after thermal annealing at 225 °C for 5 min. Similar electrical resistivity (3.9 μΩ cm) is achieved after photonic annealing as short as 1 ms at 1.4 KV.
•Synthesis of amphiphilic silver particles.•Surface modification of silver particles by amidation.•Dispersion, contact angle, surface tension of silver inks.•Aerosol jet printing of silver inks on polyimide.•Conductivity by thermal and photonical annealing.
Pen-on-Paper Flexible Electronics Russo, Analisa; Ahn, Bok Yeop; Adams, Jacob J. ...
Advanced materials (Weinheim),
08/2011, Letnik:
23, Številka:
30
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Pen‐on‐paper flexible electronics are fabricated using a conductive silver ink‐filled rollerball pen. This approach provides a low‐cost, portable route for fabricating conductive text, electronic ...art, interconnects for light emitting diode (LED) arrays, and three‐dimensional (3D) antennas on paper.
Crystalline barium titanate nanoparticles were synthesized in solution at low temperature (70 degrees C) from acetylacetone chelated titanium complex and barium hydroxide. Very fine crystalline ...solids were characterized to cubic phase of BaTiO(3) by X-ray diffraction studies of the air-dried samples. It was observed that the crystalline barium titanate was formed in solution at Ba/Ti molar ratio > or =2.5. The dependence of the reaction temperature and the Ba(OH)(2) concentration (in terms of Ba/Ti molar ratio) on formation of crystalline BaTiO(3) in solution-phase was studied, and a plausible mechanism toward the formation of crystalline BaTiO(3) was also proposed. Crystallite sizes of the BaTiO(3) were found to be in the range 33-50 nm, while the average particle sizes, measured by dynamic light scattering method were in the range 70-100 nm. The crystalline BaTiO(3) prepared from acetylacetone chelated titanium complex was highly dispersible in organic medium such as N-methyl-2-pyrillidone (NMP) and N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF).
Transparent conductive grids are patterned by direct writing of concentrated silver nanoparticle inks. This maskless, etch-free patterning approach is used to produce well-defined, two-dimensional ...periodic arrays composed of conductive features with center-to-center separation distances of up to 400 µm and an optical transmittance as high as 94.1%.
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