Species of
, which belong to the family Asteraceae show different characteristics including, bloom size, shape, and color; plant size; and leaf shape. In this study, we determined the differences in ...primary metabolites and carotenoid yields among six cultivars from two
species,
and
. In total, we detected seven carotenoids in the examined cultivars: violaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, 9-
-β-carotene, and 13-
-β-carotene. In all the cultivars, lutein was the most abundant carotenoid. Furthermore, the contents of each carotenoid in flowers varied depending on the cultivar. Principal component analysis (PCA) facilitated metabolic discrimination between
cultivars, with the exception of Inca Yellow and Discovery Orange. Moreover, PCA and orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) results provided a clear discrimination between
and
. Primary metabolites, including xylose, citric acid, valine, glycine, and galactose were the main components facilitating separation of the species. Positive relationships were apparent between carbon-rich metabolites, including those of the TCA cycle and sugar metabolism, and carotenoids.
Global Science experimental Data hub Center (GSDC) at Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) is a unique data center in South Korea established for promoting the fundamental ...research fields by supporting them with the expertise on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the infrastructure for High Performance Computing (HPC), High Throughput Computing (HTC) and Networking. GSDC has supported various research fields in South Korea dealing with the large scale of data, e.g. RENO experiment for neutrino research, LIGO experiment for gravitational wave detection, Genome sequencing project for bio-medical, and HEP experiments such as CDF at FNAL, Belle at KEK, and STAR at BNL. In particular, GSDC has run a Tier-1 center for ALICE experiment using the LHC at CERN since 2013. In this talk, we present the overview on computing infrastructure that GSDC runs for the research fields and we discuss on the data center infrastructure management system deployed at GSDC.
We proposed a disk-based custodial storage as an alternative to tape for the ALICE experiment at CERN to preserve its raw data. The proposed storage system relies on Redundant Array of Independent ...Nodes (RAIN) layout – the implementation of erasure coding in the EOS storage suite, which is developed by CERN – for data protection and takes full advantage of high-density Just-Bunch-Of-Disks (JBOD) enclosures to maximize storage capacity as well as to achieve cost-effectiveness comparable to tape. The system we present provides 18 PB of total raw capacity from the 18 set of high-density JBOD enclosures attached to 9 EOS front-end servers. In order to balance between usable space and data protection, the system will stripe a file into 16 chunks on the 4-parity enabled RAIN layout configured on top of 18 containerized EOS FSTs. Although the reduction rate of available space increases up to 33:3% with this layout, the estimated annual data loss rate drops down to 8:6 × 10
−5
%. In this paper, we discuss the system architecture of the disk-based custodial storage, 4-parity RAIN layout, deployment automation, and the integration to the ALICE experiment in detail.
Radish Raphanus sativus (Rs) is an important dietary vegetable in Asian countries, especially China, Japan, and Korea. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation in radish, the ...gene expression of enzymes directly involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis was analyzed. These genes include phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate–CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS). RsDFR and RsANS were found to accumulate in the flesh or skin of two radish cultivars (Man Tang Hong and Hong Feng No.1). Radish skin contained higher CHS, CHI, and F3H transcript levels than radish flesh in all three cultivars. In the red radish, 16 anthocyanins were separated and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and elctrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (ESI–MS/MS). Some of them were acylated with coumaroyl, malonoyl, feruoyl, and caffeoyl moieties. Furthermore (−)-epicatechin and ferulic acid were also identified in the three cultivars.
Temperate japonica rice (Oryza sativa) is usually grown in temperate regions. When grown in tropical areas, most temperate japonica rice plants flower prematurely and do not show sufficient ...vegetative growth. Fourteen japonica rice varieties and lines adapting to tropical environments were developed in the Philippines (tropical Asia) between 2008 and 2014. Their genomes were characterized by genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, and their grain yields were examined in the Philippines during the wet and dry seasons and in a high‐altitude area of Burundi (tropical Africa). Based on the genotyping, all 14 materials were found to belong to the temperate japonica rice group. Grain yields were more affected by the environment than by the genotypes. Two of the fourteen rice materials showed more stable and higher yields than the check varieties across the three environments, and one of the two has been released as a commercial variety in the Philippines. Together, these results demonstrate that rice plants genetically belonging to the temperate japonica group can be bred to adapt to tropical areas.
Data are important and ever growing in data-intensive scientific environments. Such research data growth requires data storage systems that play pivotal roles in data management and analysis for ...scientific discoveries. Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID), a well-known storage technology combining multiple disks into a single large logical volume, has been widely used for the purpose of data redundancy and performance improvement. However, this requires RAID-capable hardware or software to build up a RAID-enabled disk array. In addition, it is difficult to scale up the RAID-based storage. In order to mitigate such a problem, many distributed file systems have been developed and are being actively used in various environments, especially in data-intensive computing facilities, where a tremendous amount of data have to be handled. In this study, we investigated and benchmarked various distributed file systems, such as Ceph, GlusterFS, Lustre and EOS for data-intensive environments. In our experiment, we configured the distributed file systems under a Reliable Array of Independent Nodes (RAIN) structure and a Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) environment. Our results identify the characteristics of each file system that affect the read and write performance depending on the features of data, which have to be considered in data-intensive computing environments.
Background: Deep learning methods used for bone age assessment (BAA) mostly employ the whole hand or regional convolutional neural networks without carpal bones; therefore, their application is ...insufficient in young children. Objectives: This study aimed to improve the accuracy of BAA in young children by integrating a carpal bone analysis and to achieve a similar BAA accuracy for all age groups. Patients and Methods: A hybrid Greulich-Pyle (GP) and modified Tanner-Whitehouse deep learning model for BAA was trained by integrating an additional carpal bone analysis of an open dataset. A total of 453 hand radiographs from a single institution were selected for external validation. To create the reference standard, three human experts conducted a BAA, based on the GP Atlas, and then, interobserver agreement was evaluated. The model performance was estimated by comparing the mean absolute difference (MAD) and the root mean square error (RMSE) between the two BAA models, including one with a carpal bone analysis (M1) and one without a carpal bone analysis (M2), and the reference standard. The MAD of each model was compared between sex and age groups with respect to four major developmental stages, that is, pre-puberty, early and mid-puberty, late puberty, and post-puberty. Results: The M1 model showed a higher accuracy with a lower MAD (0.366; 95% confidence interval CI: 0.337 - 0.395) compared to the M2 model (0.388; 95% CI: 0.358 - 0.418) for all age groups, with a significant difference (P < 0.001). The RMSE values versus the reference standard were 0.483 and 0.505 years for the M1 and M2 models, respectively. According to sex and developmental stage distributions, the M1 model had a greater predictive ability compared to the M2 model for pre-pubertal patients, regardless of sex (P = 0.008 for males and P = 0.022 for females). Conclusion: Based on the present findings, the integration of a carpal bone analysis into the BAA model improved its accuracy, especially in young children.
Two new oxepin-containing (1 and 2) and two diketopiperazine-type alkaloids (3 and 4) have been isolated from an EtOAc extract of the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SF-5044. The structures of ...these metabolites were determined through analysis of NMR and MS data, along with Marfey’s method. Compound 1 showed weak growth inhibitory activity against a small panel of cell lines.
Processing a workflow (or a job) created by a user, who can be a researcher from a scientific laboratory or an analysis from a commercial organization, is the main functionality that a data center or ...a high-performance computing center is generally expected to provide. It can be accomplished with a single core processor and rather small amount of memory if the problem is adequately small while it may require thousands of nodes to solve a complicated problem and peta-bytes of storage for its output. Also specific applications on various platforms are required in general by users for resolving the problems appropriately. In this aspect, a data center should operate non-homogeneous systems for resource management, so-called batch system, in which it results in inefficient resource utilization due to stochastic behavior of user activity. Implementation of virtualization for resource management, e.g. Cloud Computing, is one of promising solutions recently arising, however, it results in the increase of complexity of the system itself as well as the system administration because it naturally implies the intervention of virtualization stack, e.g. hypervisor, between Operating System and applications for resource management. In this paper, we propose a new conceptual design to be implemented as a pre-scheduler capable to insert user submitted jobs dedicated to a specific batch system into available resources managed by other kind of batch systems. The proposed design features transparency in between clients and batch systems, accuracy in terms of monitoring and prediction on the available resources, and scalability for additional batch systems. We suggest the implementation example of the conceptual design based on the scenario established from our experience of operating a data center.
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are regarded as an effective artificial light source for producing sprouts, microgreens, and baby leaves. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the influence of different ...LED lights (white, red, and blue) on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (glucosinolates, carotenoids, and phenolics) and the biological effects on kale microgreens. Microgreens irradiated with white LEDs showed higher levels of carotenoids, including lutein, 13-cis-β-carotene, α-carotene, β-carotene, and 9-cis-β-carotene, than those irradiated with red or blue LEDs. These findings were consistent with higher expression levels of carotenoid biosynthetic genes (BoPDS and BoZDS) in white-irradiated kale microgreens. Similarly, microgreens irradiated with white and blue LEDs showed slightly higher levels of glucosinolates, including glucoiberin, progoitrin, sinigrin, and glucobrassicanapin, than those irradiated with red LEDs. These results agree with the high expression levels of BoMYB28-2, BoMYB28-3, and BoMYB29 in white- and blue-irradiated kale microgreens. In contrast, kale microgreens irradiated with blue LEDs contained higher levels of phenolic compounds (gallic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, and quercetin). According to the total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition assays, the extracts of kale microgreens irradiated with blue LEDs had slightly higher antioxidant activities, and the DPPH inhibition percentage had a positive correlation with TPC in the microgreens. Furthermore, the extracts of kale microgreens irradiated with blue LEDs exhibited stronger antibacterial properties against normal pathogens and multidrug-resistant pathogens than those irradiated with white and red LEDs. These results indicate that white-LED lights are suitable for carotenoid production, whereas blue-LED lights are efficient in increasing the accumulation of phenolics and their biological activities in kale microgreens.