Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication and cause of visual impairment in diabetes patients. The pathogenesis is not fully understood, but several studies have suggested that ...inflammation plays an important role. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was defined as a novel potential marker to determine inflammation. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between DR and inflammation by using NLR.
The study was included 58 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Twenty-four of them had DR. The control group was composed of 52 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. Retinopathy was graded using the International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale.
NLR values of the diabetes patients were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group (P<0.001), and NLR levels of the patients with DR were higher than those of the patients without DR (P<0.001). In addition, NLR values were correlated with the presence of DR and DR grades (r=0.466, P<0.001; and r=0.630, P<0.001, respectively).
According to our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the relationship between NLR, which is an inflammatory marker, and DR and its severity. Our results suggest that while evaluating diabetes patients in terms of DR, higher NLR values may be a remarkable marker.
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), which is an autosomal recessive disease, is characterised by recurrent febrile episodes in association with peritonitis, pleuritis and arthritis and has ongoing ...subclinical inflammation during attack-free period. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between FMF with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which is determined in many chronic inflammations as a new potential inflammatory mediator. We included 62 patients and 41 healthy subjects who were similar in terms of age and sex. We found that the NLR values of the patients were significantly higher than those of the control group, and C-reactive protein values were correlated with NLR. Another finding was the NLR values were significantly higher in the FMF patient with M694V mutation than with other mutations. As a result, NLR might be used in the FMF patient as an indicator of the subclinical inflammation, and the FMF patients with M694V mutation should be followed up closely because of increased subclinical inflammation risk.
Idiopathic Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is a common otologic emergency. Recently, the cause of ISSNHL, which is still unclear, has been focused on chronic inflammation. ...Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a new and quick inflammatory marker, which is being measured routinely in CBC tests without any cost. We aimed to investigate the relationship between ISSNHL and inflammation by using NLR.
Forty-seven patients diagnosed with ISSNHL and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. An automated blood cell counter was used for NLR measurements. The hearing assessments of the patients were carried out by an audiometer, and audiometric patterns were assessed initially and after 1 month of the treatment. All the patients were treated with prednisone in the dose of 1 mg/kg per day, with a progressive dose reduction maintained for at least 2 weeks. Then, the patients were divided into 2 groups as " recovered" and "unrecovered" according to their response to the treatment.
The mean NLR, neutrophil, and lymphocyte values in patients with ISSNHL were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.004, respectively). In addition, NLR levels were higher in unrecovered patients compared with the recovered ones (p < 0.001).
This is the first study investigating the relationship between NLR levels and ISSNHL and its prognosis. While evaluating ISSNHL, determining NLR should not be overlooked as a quick and reliable indicator for predicting the diagnosis and the prognosis of the disease.
Abstract Background Renal injury is an important complication of infrarenal aortic occlusion (IAO), which is mainly encountered during the postoperative period. Aortic clamping procedure may lead to ...turbulent blood flow and eventually vasoconstriction at renal arterial level of the abdominal aorta. IL-18BP has well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we aimed to determine whether IL-18BP has anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and protective effects on acute kidney damage induced by IAO rat model. Materials and methods A total of 30 adult male Wistar-Albino rats were equally and randomly separated to three groups as follows: SHAM laparotomy, ischemia-reperfusion (IR), and IR + IL-18BP. We applied 30-min IAO and 2-h reperfusion. Inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and IFN-γ) and oxidative stress parameters (TAS, TOS, and OSI) were measured. In addition to this, urea and creatinine levels, histopathology of kidney, mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic genes were investigated. Results Urea and creatinine, tissue and serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, IFN-γ, and TOS, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were found significantly lower in IR + IL-18BP group, when compared to the IR group. Moreover, mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic genes were prominently depressed in IR + IL-18BP pre-treatment group in histopathologic examination, there was a significant difference between the IR and other three groups ( P < 0.001). These improvements were demonstrated with a total score of histopathologic damage. In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that IL-18BP has antioxidant, inflammatory, and protective effects on liver and spinal cord IR injury. Data established from the present study suggest that IL-18BP may exert anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and protective effects on IAO-induced acute kidney injury in rats, and this would be the first study to be conducted in this field. Conclusions Data established from the present study suggest that IL-18BP may exert anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and protective effects on IAO-induced acute kidney injury in rats.
Numerous inflammatory and innate immune pathways are involved in atherogenesis. We aimed to investigate the atherogenic index and other lipid parameters in individuals with familial Mediterranean ...fever (FMF), as a predictor of atherosclerosis.
A total of 60 patients with FMF and 60 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were included in this study. The patients with acute infection, chronic metabolic and rheumatic diseases, use of drugs other than colchicine and smoking history were excluded. CRP, ESR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels of patients and the control group were measured. Atherogenic index (TG/HDL-C) was calculated.
We found that the atherogenic index values of the patients were significantly higher than those of the control group. HDL-C levels were lower and ESR and TG levels were higher in patients. Total cholesterol, LDL-C and CRP levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the values of total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, and atherogenic indexes between the groups of patients with and without M694V mutation.
Elaboration of clinical models of inflammation-induced atherogenesis may further advance our knowledge of multiple inflammatory pathways implicated in atherogenesis and provide a useful tool for cardiovascular prevention. We believe that the atherogenic index also be used as a preliminary indication of accelerated atherosclerosis in FMF. However, large-scale prospective studies on this issue are needed.
We investigated whether there was a significant increase in thyroid autoimmunity, and disorders in patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs). We enrolled 201 patients with RDs (41 with ankylosing ...spondylitis, 15 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 80 with rheumatoid arthritis RA, 65 with familial Mediterranean fever), and 122 healthy controls. Serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), C-reactive protein, and thyroid autoantibodies (anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase) were measured in all participants. There were no significant differences between the ages of the patients and controls. The mean TSH values of the patients with RDs and the controls were 3.1 ± 2.68 mIU/L and 1.9 ± 0.83 mIU/L, respectively (P = 0.004). The mean fT4 value of the patients with RDs was 1.43 ± 0.67 ng/dL whereas that of the controls was 1.58 ± 0.68 ng/dL (P <0.001). Subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in 24 patients with RDs. Thyroid antibodies were detected in 16 of 201 (8%) patients with RDs. Three of these patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, while the others were euthyroid. Thyroid autoantibodies were significantly higher in patients with RDs (P <0.001). Additionally, thyroid disorders were observed more frequently in patients with RDs than in the healthy controls. Based on our findings, we recommend that thyroid function tests should better be included in the clinical evaluation of patients with RDs.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the lung with a high mortality and morbidity rate. Some of the inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein ...(CRP), leukocyte count are associated with COPD. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in COPD patients comparing with the other well-known inflammatory markers. We retrospectively enrolled the laboratory results of 269 COPD patients of which 178 patients at stable period and 91 patients during acute exacerbation and 50 sex- and age- matched healthy controls. We found that NLR values of the stable COPD patients were significantly higher than those of the controls (
P
< 0.001). During acute exacerbation of the disease there was a further increase compared to stable period (
P
< 0.001). NLR values were also positively correlated with serum CRP levels and red cell distribution width (RDW) and negatively correlated with mean platelet volume (MPV) in both COPD groups. In conclusion, NLR could be considered as a new inflammatory marker for assessment of inflammation in COPD patients with its quick, cheap, easily measurable property with routine complete blood count analysis.
Abstract Objective Ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury is an important complication of abdominal aortic surgery, and it mainly affects the lower extremities and remote organs. In the present study, ...we aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of crocin in IR-mediated kidney damage. Materials and methods A total of 24 adult male Wistar–Albino rats were equally and randomly separated into three groups as follows: sham laparotomy, IR, and IR + crocin. Infrarenal aortic occlusion and reperfusion was applied for 1 and 2 h, respectively. Tissue samples were removed and collected. Biochemical and histopathologic analyses were performed. Results Urea, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, renal tissue tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, interferon gamma, IL-1β, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index levels were significantly higher in IR group, when compared with other groups. These improvements were also demonstrated with some parameters including total score of histopathologic damage, Tunel, Bax, and Caspase-3 expression levels, and these parameters were prominently higher in the IR group, when compared with the other groups. Nevertheless, Bcl2 expression degree was prominently lower in the IR group than those in the other two groups. Conclusions Data established from the present study suggest that crocin can preclude renal damage in infrarenal aortic occlusion models.
Mean platelet volume (MPV) is one of the platelet function indices which reflects the platelet production rate and functions. While vascular occlusion, acute or chronic syndromes and vasculitis are ...increasing the MPV levels, infections, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory situations reduce it. The indicator for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISHL) etiology remains a matter of debate because it is associated with many different disorders. We evaluated MPV levels in ISHL patients. Forty patients with ISHL and 40 healthy, age and sex matched subjects were enrolled to the study. Audiometer and laboratory results were recorded. Comparative multivariate analyses between indicator factors and hearing outcomes were conducted. MPV and platelet distribution width is significantly higher in ISHL. Platelet count is lower in the ISHL than control group (
p
< 0.001), (
p
< 0.001), (
p
= 0.003), respectively. Our findings indicate that, ISHL appears to be characterized by ischaemic or thrombotic events. Considering the increased MPV levels; MPV may be used to evaluate ISHL as an hepler indicator.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious condition that can be induced by liver transplantation, major hepatic resection or prolonged portal vein occlusion. AKI can increase the frequency of ...postoperative complications. In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether interleukin-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) pretreatment has a protective effect against possible kidney injury following liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) achieved by Pringle maneuver in an experimental rat model.
A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were included in this study. Animals were equally and randomly separated into 3 groups as follows: I, Sham group, II, IR group (1-hour ischemia and 4-hour reperfusion) and III, IR + IL-18BP group (50μg/kg IL-18BP was intraperitoneally administered 30 minutes before surgery). Blood, liver and kidney samples were collected for histopathological and biochemical (hepatic and renal function, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and glutathione levels) analysis. In addition, proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels were measured in kidney tissues.
IL-18BP has improved kidney functions in acute kidney damage, restored structural changes, exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing proinflammatory cytokines and regulated the oxidative stress parameters by antioxidant effect.
Current study would be the first to evaluate the protective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of IL-18BP on renal damage induced by liver ischemia (1 hour) and reperfusion (4 hours). As a result, we have demonstrated that AKI may develop after hepatic IR with Pringle maneuver and IL-18BP pretreatment can attenuate this damage. By this way, complications related to liver IR could be minimized and also postoperative hospitalization durations, treatment costs and healing periods could be decreased.
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