Abstract
The most important challenge faced in designing orthopedic devices is to control the leaching of ions from the substrate material, and to prevent biofilm formation. Accordingly, the surgical ...grade stainless steel (316L SS) was electrophoretically deposited with functional composition of biopolymers and bioceramics. The composite coating consisted of: Bioglass (BG), hydroxyapatite (HA), and lawsone, that were loaded into a polymeric matrix of Xanthan Dialdehyde/Chondroitin Sulfate (XDA/CS). The parameters and final composition for electrophoretic deposition were optimized through trial-and-error approach. The composite coating exhibited significant adhesion strength of “4B” (ASTM D3359) with the substrate, suitable wettability of contact angle 48°, and an optimum average surface roughness of 0.32 µm. Thus, promoting proliferation and attachment of bone-forming cells, transcription factors, and proteins. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed a strong polymeric network formation between XDA and CS. scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis displayed a homogenous surface with invariable dispersion of HA and BG particles. The adhesion, hydrant behavior, and topography of said coatings was optimal to design orthopedic implant devices. The said coatings exhibited a clear inhibition zone of 21.65 mm and 21.04 mm with no bacterial growth against
Staphylococcus aureus
(
S. Aureus
)
and Escherichia coli
(
E. Coli
) respectively, confirming the antibacterial potential. Furthermore, the crystals related to calcium (Ca) and HA were seen after 28 days of submersion in simulated body fluid. The corrosion current density, of the above-mentioned coating was minimal as compared to the bare 316L SS substrate. The results infer that XDA/CS/BG/HA/lawsone based composite coating can be a candidate to design coatings for orthopedic implant devices.
Petroleum-based plastics are used as packaging materials because of their low cost and high availability; however, continuous use of these nondegradable materials especially in the food industry has ...led to environmental pollution. The present study aimed to synthesize antibacterial and biodegradable films based on natural biopolymers carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and ascorbic acid (AA) cross-linked in the presence of glutaraldehyde (GA). The films were synthesized in two different concentrations, 60PVA:40CMC:AA and 70PVA:30CMC:AA with a fixed amount of AA. Films with smooth texture and overall uniform thickness were obtained. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the cross-linking between the aldehyde group of GA and hydroxyl of PVA through detection of acetal and ether bridges. The synthesized films were thermally stable in the temperature range of 180–300 °C; however, 70PVA:30CMC:AA showed higher weight loss in this range as compared to the 60PVA:40CMC:AA film. Soil burial test demonstrated that the 60PVA:40CMC:AA film was more degradable (71% at day 15) as compared to the 70PVA:30CMC:AA film (65% at day 15). The films exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive staphylococcus aureus(inhibition zone of 21 mm) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (inhibition zone of 15 mm). In comparison, the 60PVA:40CMC:AA film showed better results in terms of high mechanical strength, uniform morphology, higher soil burial degradation, and lower water vapor transmission rate. Therefore, the prepared film could be used as a promising candidate in the food packaging industry.
In the present study, chitosan/gelatin/hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was developed on 316L stainless steel (SS) via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). This type of film exhibits a hierarchical structure ...consisting of hydroxyapatite particles dispersed in a chitosan/gelatin matrix. An array of different analytical, electrochemical, and bioactive techniques was used to investigate the coatings. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that HA particles are well dispersed in the chitosan/gelatin matrix. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results revealed that phosphorus is well bonded to the oxygen and well confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum. The electrochemical studies of the chitosan/gelatin/HA and bare 316L SS were conducted by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization. The results indicated that corrosion resistance (conducted in simulated body fluid (SBF)) is mainly contributed by the HA particles embedded in the chitosan/gelatin matrix. Moreover, pitting potential of the composite coatings increased compared to that of the bare 316L SS. Chitosan/gelatin/HA developed apatite crystals upon immersion in SBF, thus confirming the bioactive nature of the coating. Furthermore, the coating was cyto-compatible and allows the osteoblast cells to proliferate and grow. The chitosan/gelatin/HA is a suitable candidate for biomedical applications regrading to mechanical and chemical attack.
Display omitted
This review focuses on the therapeutic effects of ions when released in physiological environments. Recent studies have shown that metallic ions like Ag+, Sr2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, P+5, etc., ...have shown promising results in drug delivery systems and regenerative medicine. These metallic ions can be loaded in nanoparticles, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs), hydroxyapatite (HA), calcium phosphates, polymeric coatings, and salt solutions. The metallic ions can exhibit different functions in the physiological environment such as antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, bioactive, biocompatible, and angiogenic effects. Furthermore, the metals/metalloid ions can be loaded into scaffolds to improve osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, bone development, fibroblast growth, and improved wound healing efficacy. Moreover, different ions possess different therapeutic limits. Therefore, further mechanisms need to be developed for the highly controlled and sustained release of these ions. This review paper summarizes the recent progress in the use of metallic/metalloid ions in regenerative medicine and encourages further study of ions as a solution to cure diseases.
Display omitted
•Chitosan/moringa coating deposited on Mg substrate via electrophoretic deposition.•FTIR confirmed the presence of chitosan and moringa in the coatings.•Chitosan/moringa coating ...inhibited the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial.•Chitosan/moringa coating improve the corrosion resistance of bare Mg.
Moringa loaded chitosan coatings (coating thickness ∼10 µm) were deposited on Mg substrate via electrophoretic deposition (applied electric field = 15 V/cm and deposition time = 20 min). Scanning electron microscopy images of chitosan/moringa coatings confirmed that the deposited coatings are densely packed and uniform. The presence of chitosan and moringa in the coating was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The corrosion studies revealed that the degradation rate of bare Mg decreased ∼7 order of magnitude upon coating deposition. Furthermore, the potential release of moringa from coatings inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The moringa loaded chitosan coatings presented suitable morphology, electrochemical properties, and antibacterial properties for potential application in orthopedic devices.
Herein, we synthesized hydrogel films from crosslinked polyethylene oxide (PEO) and guar gum (GG) which can offer hydrophilicity, antibacterial efficacy, and neovascularization. This study focuses on ...synthesis and material/biological characterization of rosemary (RM) and citric acid (CA) loaded PEO/GG hydrogel films. Scanning Electron Microscopy images confirmed the porous structure of the developed hydrogel film matrix (PEO/GG) and the dispersion of RM and CA within it. This porous structure promotes moisture adsorption, cell attachment, proliferation, and tissue layer formation. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) further validated the crosslinking of the PEO/GG matrix, as confirmed by the appearance of C-O-C linkage in the FTIR spectrum. PEO/GG and PEO/GG/RM/CA revealed similar degradation and release kinetics in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium, Simulated Body Fluid, and Phosphate Buffer Saline (degradation of ∼55 % and release of ∼60 % RM in 168 h.). The developed hydrogel film exhibited a zone of inhibition against Escherichia. coli (2 mm) and Staphylococcus. aureus (9 mm), which can be attributed to the presence of RM in the hydrogel film. Furthermore, incorporating CA in the hydrogel film promoted neovascularization, as confirmed by the Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay. The developed RM and CA-loaded PEO/GG-based hydrogel films offered suitable in-vitro properties that may aid in potential wound healing applications.
Display omitted
The demand for orthopedic implants coated with biocompatible and bactericidal materials is escalating because of the rising bacterial resistance against synthetic antibiotics. Consequently, a ...non-toxic polysaccharide infused with the natural herb, i.e., Xanthan (Xn) and Rosemary (Rm) were coated on surgical grade stainless steel (316 L SS). Electrophoretic deposition (parameters were optimized through a trial-and-error approach) was employed to coat a thin film of Xn with uniformly dispersed Rm in the matrix. The uniform distribution of Rm in the said coating was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) also confirmed the loading of Rm. The self-crosslinking capability of Xn at acidic pH (confirmed by FTIR) provided sufficient adhesive strength with substrate confirmed via scratch test and bend test. Thereafter, the suitable surface topography for enhanced integration was studied in terms of surface roughness and wettability. The bacterial resistance and cellular interactions of both Xn and Rm were revealed by WST-8 and disc diffusion assay, respectively. Hence a biocompatible and bactericidal coating on 316L SS with suitable surface topography was developed with a novel combination of Xn and Rm.
Display omitted
•Surgical grade stainless steel was coated with Rosemary and Xanthan via electrophoretic deposition.•Coated Samples were characterized in terms of morphology, composition, and cytocompatibility.•Rosemary particles entangled in self-crosslinked Xanthan chains created bactericidal effect.•WST-8 confirmed cytocompatible behavior of said coating.
Display omitted
•PEEK-loaded biopolymeric hydrogel developed for potential cartilage repair.•The in-vitro studies revealed a porous structure suitable for loading drugs.•The in-vitro characterization ...revealed the biocompatible and antibacterial effect.•The said hydrogel holds promise for potential cartilage repair applications.
Herein, we developed hydrogel (potentially injectable) composed of oxidized guar gum, chitosan, and polyether ether ketone to provide cartilage support and regeneration. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed spongy and microporous structures. The synthesized hydrogels exhibited suitable wettability and effective crosslinking (indicated via Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy). Cytocompatibility, human collagen type II release, and degradation studies highlighted the biocompatible and regenerative nature of the synthesized hydrogels. Furthermore, the hydrogels exhibited an antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The thermoplastic-based approach holds promise for effective cartilage repair, offering a sustainable solution for joint support with enhanced load-bearing capabilities.
The demand for bioactive and biodegradable skincare products is growing with rising skin complications despite bare cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals. Biocompatible, Agar-agar (AA) and ...gelatin (G) based biopolymeric gel infused with hyaluronic acid (HA) and aloe vera (AV)) is suitable for burn treatment and wound healing. This proposed gel with HA and AV showed therapeutic effects due to its hydrating, antibacterial, and angiogenic potential. The said biopolymeric gels were characterized in both in-vitro and in-vivo studies, revealing their potential to replace synthetic and conventional cosmeceuticals. The adequately porous structure of the biopolymeric gels was evident from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, which allows the release of AV and HA. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis revealed the peaks attributed to secondary amine (-NH bond) in AA/G biopolymeric gel, which confirmed the crosslinking between AA and G. The degradation profile of biopolymeric gels showed the rapid release of AV and HA during the first hour of incubation, supporting the idea of minimal application time of biopolymeric gels. AV-infused AA/G/HA gel was highly bactericidal, with only 27 % of the E. coli population appearing viable. Similar behavior was seen against S. aureus, and 33 % of the cells seemed viable, confirming the antibacterial potential. In-vivo chorioallantoic membrane assay confirmed neo-vascular ability and angiogenic potential as the number of branched vessels for AA/G/HA was 6 ± 1 and a significant increase in the number of branched chain vessels was seen for AA/G/HA/AV, as 12 ± 2 due to the presence of HA. The results infer that the AA/G biopolymeric gels infused with AV and HA can effectively be used for burn treatment and wound healing.
Display omitted
There is an urgent need to develop biodegradable implants that can degrade once they have fulfilled their function. Commercially pure magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have the potential to surpass ...traditional orthopedic implants due to their good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and most critically, biodegradability. The present work focuses on the synthesis and characterization (microstructural, antibacterial, surface, and biological properties) of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)/henna (Lawsonia inermis)/Cu-doped mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (Cu-MBGNs) composite coatings deposited via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on Mg substrates. PLGA/henna/Cu-MBGNs composite coatings were robustly deposited on Mg substrates using EPD, and their adhesive strength, bioactivity, antibacterial activity, corrosion resistance, and biodegradability were thoroughly investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies confirmed the uniformity of the coatings’ morphology and the presence of functional groups that were attributable to PLGA, henna, and Cu-MBGNs, respectively. The composites exhibited good hydrophilicity with an average roughness of 2.6 μm, indicating desirable properties for bone forming cell attachment, proliferation, and growth. Crosshatch and bend tests confirmed that the adhesion of the coatings to Mg substrates and their deformability were adequate. Electrochemical Tafel polarization tests revealed that the composite coating adjusted the degradation rate of Mg substrate in a human physiological environment. Incorporating henna into PLGA/Cu-MBGNs composite coatings resulted in antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The coatings stimulated the proliferation and growth of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells during the initial incubation period of 48 h (determined by the WST-8 assay).
