Objective: To examine the effect of the COVID-19 virus, especially the Omicron variant, on hematological parameters of hospitalized pediatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: Medical ...records of pediatric COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, between March 2020 and May 2022 were retrospectively reviewed to analyze data regarding demographics, SARS-CoV-2 infection polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results, reverse-transcriptase (RT)-PCR for other respiratory agents, duration of hospital stay, and hematological and biochemical laboratory findings.
Results: Out of 467 children with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 94 (20.1%) had Omicron infection and 373 (79.9%) were infected with other variants; the Omicron group had younger patients than the remaining samples (P<0.001). The most frequent clinical symptoms in all children were cough (53.5%) and fever (32.3%), followed by vomiting (20.8%). Lung involvement in the Omicron group (10.6%) was significantly lower than in the remaining samples (29.8%) (P<0.001). Hemoglobin and lymphocyte levels were lower in the Omicron-infected group (both P<0.001), while prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio, and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in this group (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, and P=0.023, respectively). In terms of lung involvement, those with lung involvement were significantly older (P<0.001).
Conclusions: Although lung involvement was less common with Omicron infection, this group had greater hematological system involvement, such as anemia, lymphopenia, D-dimer elevation, and coagulation disorders.
Increased surface roughness and discoloration of the direct restorative materials used in pediatric patients affect the longevity of restorations and impair children’s oral health. Many factors can ...alter these properties. One of these factors is the intake of dietary supplements. It is crucial to predict the properties of restorative materials when exposed to dietary supplements to maintain the dental care of children. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of various syrup-formed dietary supplements on the average surface roughness and color stability of current restorative materials used in pediatric dentistry. Seven different restorative materials (conventional glass ionomer Fuji IX GP, resin-modified glass ionomer, Fuji II LC, zirconia-reinforced glass ionomer Zirconomer Improved, polyacid-modified composite resin Dyract®XTRA, bulk-fill glass hybrid restorative Equia Forte HT Fill, conventional resin composite Charisma Smart, and resin composite with reactive glass fillers Cention N) were tested. The specimens prepared from each type of restorative material were divided into five subgroups according to dietary supplements (Sambucol Kids, Resverol, Imunol, Umca, and Microfer). These specimens were immersed daily in supplement solution over a period of 28 days. Surface roughness and color difference measurements were performed at baseline and at the 7th and 28th days. The color difference and Ra values showed that there was an interaction among the type of restorative material, type of dietary supplement, and immersion time factors (p < 0.05). Whereas lower Ra values were found in the composite resin group, the highest Ra values were found in the conventional glass ionomer group. All supplements caused increasing color difference values, and Resverol and Umca showed higher discoloration values above the clinically acceptable threshold. The intake of dietary supplement type, the immersion time of the dietary supplement, and the restorative material type affected the surface roughness and color stability of the tested direct restorative materials. All of the experimental groups showed higher Ra values than clinically acceptable surface roughness values (0.2 µm). The color difference values also increased with the immersion time.
Introduction:Drug poisoning in childhood is one of the leading preventable health problems worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics, factors facilitating poisoning, ...and post-poisoning follow-up of the patients who applied to our emergency department with drug intoxication.Methods:Between January 2010 and August 2011, of the total number of 894 patients applying with drug intoxication to the Pediatric Emergency Clinic of the University of Health Sciences Turkey, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, 314 patients who gave consent were included in the study. The patients were evaluated retrospectively.Results:Of the 894 patients presenting with drug intoxication, results for 314 patients with consent were evaluated. The mean age of the 314 cases was 4.6±4.0 years. The sex distribution was 138 girls (43.9%) and 176 boys (56.1%). The mean age was 5.7±4.8 years for girls and 3.8±3.1 years for boys. In the preschool period (0-5 years) and age group of 5-10 years, boys were predominant, while at the age group of 10-14 years, girls were at the forefront. While the most common drug group causing poisoning was central nervous system drugs, analgesic-antipyretic drugs took the second place. During adolescence, drug intoxications with suicidal intentions were especially prominent.Conclusion:As in all over the world, drug intoxication cases are one of the most important preventable emergency causes in Turkey. The most common cause of childhood intoxication is accidental, it is seen more in boys in the preschool and school-age, and it occurs mostly in the 0-5 age group. Girls are more affected at adolescence. During adolescence, intoxications with suicidal intentions are common. Thus, poisonings during this period should be evaluated from a psychiatric point of view.
Objective: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection and the pandemic process have become crucial public health problems with devastating effects on the psychological, social, and economic ...aspects of society. This study aimed to examine the emotional state of the mothers of the children diagnosed with this disease, to investigate the symptoms of depression and anxiety, and to reveal the situations that might affect these due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a crucial source of stress. Method: We included mothers of 50 pediatric patients (under 18 years old) hospitalized for COVID-19 infection proven by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 polymerase chain reaction test, and mothers of 50 patients hospitalized with other diagnoses except for COVID-19. We evaluated mothers with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD). Results: We assessed the relationship between education level and anxiety/depression in mothers of children diagnosed with COVID-19. A negative correlation was found between education level and HAD anxiety subscale (p=0.049, r=-0.280). The mean HAD anxiety score of mothers of COVID-19 positive children was statistically significantly higher than in the control group (p=0.001). The incidence of depression in the study population was almost equal, and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p=0.839). According to the total HAD scale score, the mean score of the mothers of the COVID-19 group had statistically significantly higher scores than the control group (p=0.043). Conclusion: Although two years have passed since the pandemic started, COVID-19 is still a source of anxiety and stress for parents. In addition, socio-demographic factors affecting the psychological health of parents may further increase this burden.
Background
The high prevalence of sleep problems in children and long‐term consequences point to the need for early effective interventions, but health‐care providers have limited training in ...pediatric sleep medicine. The aims of this study were therefore to assess the effectiveness of a sleep health‐care education program and to develop a Turkish acronym for brief sleep history taking for pediatric primary caregivers in the ambulatory setting.
Methods
This was a quasi‐experimental study. Four centers were randomly selected from eight training and research hospitals as the intervention group. The control group was recruited during training in subjects other than sleep. Education was provided to the intervention group. Knowledge and attitudes were evaluated in the short and long term.
Results
The intervention and the control groups consisted of 132 and 78 pediatricians, respectively. The intervention group scored significantly higher both in the short and the long term. The Turkish acronym (UYKU) was reported to be easy to remember and effective in prompting the correct questions to ask about sleep issues.
Conclusions
The Turkish acronym would be useful in the primary care setting to increase the frequency of screening of sleep problems in children. Although education significantly improved knowledge on sleep issues in children, the percentage of participants who lacked confidence in the management of sleep problems in children was still very high, even in the intervention group. We suggest that a broader educational program, carried out more than once, would be more beneficial.
INTRODUCTION: Neonatal sepsis continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment. This study was planned to evaluate the ...demographic data, causative microorganisms and acute phase reactants at the time of diagnosis of blood culture positive sepsis in our neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS: We evaluated our patients diagnosed with blood culture positive sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit during three years retrospectively. In this study, 131 patients whose clinical and laboratory findings were consistent with sepsis were included. RESULTS: The most common microorganism isolated from blood cultures that were taken at the time of diagnosis was S. aureus (n=36, 27.5%). Nineteen of them were methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Klebsiella species were isolated in 26 cases (19.8%) (K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca and ESBL positive Klebsiella species in 13, 2 and 11 cases, respectively). Thrombocyte counts of our patients were statistically significantly lower on the first day of culture sampling compared to the fifth-day values (p<0.05), in contrast, CRP and mean platelet volume (MPV) values were significantly higher (p<0.05). According to our findings, on the first day of culture sampling, the CRP and mean of maximum CRP values of our patients with gram-positive sepsis were significantly lower than the values of our patients with gram-negative sepsis (p<0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, the most common microorganisms which cause sepsis in our neonatal intensive care unit were determined. We detected that the clinical findings and markers of sepsis differ depending on the type of the organism, whether gram-positive or gram-negative and the type of infection, whether it is nosocomial or not.
AMAÇ: Diş çürüğü özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ciddi bir sağlık problemi olarak karşımıza çıkmaya devam etmektedir. Tedavi edilmemiş diş çürüklerinin yol açtığı apse, ülserasyon ve fistül gibi ...komplikasyonların prevalansını araştıran sınırlı sayıda araştırma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir grup çocukta tedavi edilmemiş diş çürüklerinin klinik sonuçlarının prevalansının araştırılmasıdır.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışma 1-31 Mart 2012 tarihleri arasında Gazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti Anabilim Dalı Kliniğinde yaşları 5-12 arası olan 1200 çocuk üzerinde yürütüldü. Daimi ve süt dişlerinde diş çürükleri DMFT/dmft ve PUFA/pufa indeksleri ile skorlandı (D/d: çürük, M/m: kayıp, F/f: dolgulu diş, P/p: pulpayı içeren çürük lezyonu, U/u: kök parçalarından dolayı mukozanın ülserasyonu, F/f: fistül, A/a: apse).
BULGULAR: Çocuklarda DMFT indeksi 2.34 ± 1.37 ve dmft indeksi 4.25 ± 3.46 olarak bulundu. Daimi ve süt dişleri için PUFA/pufa prevalansı sırasıyla %2.30 ve %22.25 olarak belirlendi. Hem süt hem daimi dişlerde en yüksek skoru pulpayı içeren diş çürüğü oluşturdu (daimi dişlerde %1.67 ve süt dişlerinde %11.24). Bunu apse ve fistülizasyon izledi.
SONUÇ: Seçilen popülasyonda tedavi edilmemiş süt dişi çürüklerinin ve yumuşak dokudaki klinik sonuçlarının prevalansı yüksek bulundu. PUFA/pufa indeksi diş çürüklerini değerlendirmek amacıyla var olan çürük indekslerini tamamlayıcı bir epidemiyolojik araç olarak görülmektedir.
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