Complexity measures have been enormously used in schizophrenia patients to estimate brain dynamics. However, the conflicting results in terms of both increased and reduced complexity values have been ...reported in these studies depending on the patients' clinical status or symptom severity or medication and age status. The objective of this study is to investigate the nonlinear brain dynamics of chronic and medicated schizophrenia patients using distinct complexity estimators. EEG data were collected from 22 relaxed eyes-closed patients and age-matched healthy controls. A single-trial EEG series of 2 min was partitioned into identical epochs of 20 s intervals. The EEG complexity of participants were investigated and compared using approximate entropy (ApEn), Shannon entropy (ShEn), Kolmogorov complexity (KC) and Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC). Lower complexity values were obtained in schizophrenia patients. The most significant complexity differences between patients and controls were obtained in especially left frontal (F3) and parietal (P3) regions of the brain when all complexity measures were applied individually. Significantly, we found that KC was more sensitive for detecting EEG complexity of patients than other estimators in all investigated brain regions. Moreover, significant inter-hemispheric complexity differences were found in the frontal and parietal areas of schizophrenics' brain. Our findings demonstrate that the utilizing of sensitive complexity estimators to analyze brain dynamics of patients might be a useful discriminative tool for diagnostic purposes. Therefore, we expect that nonlinear analysis will give us deeper understanding of schizophrenics' brain.
•The effect of an external magnetic field on hemodynamics of blood flow in a bend vessel was studied.•Blood was studied as a biomagnetic fluid through the ferrohydrodynamic approach.•Effect of ...curvature coefficient and the susceptibility of blood were investigated.•The maximum magnetic field strength with no effect on hemodynamics was presented.
Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents such as stem cells and drugs using magnetic nanoparticles with the aid of an external magnetic field is an emerging treatment modality for many diseases. To this end, understanding the effect of magnetic field on hemodynamics in human body is of great importance. In this article, the effect of external magnetic field, induced by a straight current wire, on hemodynamics of blood flow in a 90° horizontal bend vessel with circular cross section was investigated numerically using ANSYS Fluent®. The blood was considered as laminar, Newtonian, steady and incompressible. To investigate the effect of non-uniform magnetic field effects on the blood flow, the ferrohydrodynamics principles (FHD) were employed. A user-defined function (UDF) was developed to apply the magnetic field effects as source terms. The magnetic susceptibility of blood in oxygenated (in arteries) and deoxygenated (in veins) blood vessels were considered negative and positive values, respectively. The effect of magnetic number, Reynolds number, curvature coefficient and the position of the current wire on flow velocity, static pressure, and shear stress were investigated. The results showed that the Wall Shear Stress (WSS) and static pressure were enhanced with the increase of magnitude of magnetic number. In addition, it was observed that magnetic field has superior impact on the hemodynamic of venous vessel (deoxygenated blood) in comparison with the hemodynamic of artery vessel (oxygenated blood). By studying the effect of curvature coefficient and Reynolds number on WSS, it is concluded that in high curvature coefficient and low Reynolds number, the effect of magnetic field is greater than low curvature coefficient and high Reynolds number, respectively.
The LHCb Upgrade Akar, S
Journal of physics. Conference series,
01/2014, Letnik:
556, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The LHCb experiment is a high-precision spectrometer searching for New Physics via measurements of CP violation and rare decays in the b- and c-quark sector. The quality of the results obtained from ...the data collected during the first Run of the LHC has demonstrated the excellent performance and the robustness of the detector. In order to significantly increase the statistical precision on theoretically clean observables in the heavy flavor sector, the level of collected data by the LHCb detector must be increased much beyond 1 fb−1 per year. Therefore, it is planned to upgrade the detector, which will allow a 40 MHz readout with a much more flexible software-based triggering system and redesigned sub-detectors.
In this paper, the magnetic nanofluids and magnetic field are used to provide a coating around the wall of a channel. The magnetic field is induced by the direct current wire. Iron oxide is used as ...magnetic nanoparticles. A finite volume method is used to solve the Navier–Stokes equations, and the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach is employed to track the magnetic nanoparticles. The effects of magnetic strength, the position of current wire, and the diameter of magnetic nanoparticles on the trajectory of magnetic nanoparticles and coating efficiency are investigated by providing contours and diagrams. The results show that the length of coating decreases by about 55% with the increase in the particle diameter in the range of 500 nm to 1 μm. Further, the coating efficiency, defined as the ratio of the number of trapped particles on the wall to the number of injected particles at the inlet of the channel, improves by increasing the magnetic strength and decreasing the vertical position of the current wire.
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