For being applied in medicine as therapeutic agents, nanostructures need to be biocompatible and eco-friendly. Plant-derived phenolic acids have been utilised for green synthesis of metallic or ...metallic oxide nanoparticles (NPs). The phenolic acids play role as both reducing agents and stabilisers in the process of NPs synthesis. Many experiments have been dedicated to develop efficient green synthesis techniques for producing metal NPs. Using phenolic acids represents a reproducible, simple, profitable, and cost-effective strategy to synthesise metal NPs. As a phytochemical for metal NPs synthesis, phenolic acids are antioxidants that represent many health benefits. However, limited studies have been dedicated to the synthesis and characterisation of NPs produced by phenolic acids. Thus, this review focused on phenolic acids mediated nanomaterial synthesis and its biomedical applications. It should be noted the mechanism of metal ion bioreduction, phenolic acids surface adsorption, characterisation, and toxicity of metal NPs made with different phenolic acids have been discussed in this review.
Probiotic bacteria are known to exert a wide range of anticancer activities on their animal hosts. In the present study, the anticancer effect of a cocktail of several potential probiotic
...Lactobacillus
species (potential probiotic L.C) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. MTT and Flow cytometry tests results showed that administration of live potential probiotic L.C significantly decreased the HT-29 and CT-26 cells proliferation and induced late apoptotis in a time-dependent manner. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that exposure of potential probiotic L.C to both HT-29 and CT-26 cells during the incubation times resulted in the upregulation (
apc
and
CSNK1ε
for HT-29,
CSNK1ε
and
gsk3β
for CT-26) and downregulation (
CTNNB1, CCND1, pygo2, axin2
and
id2
) of the Wnt/β- catenin pathway-related genes in a time-dependent manner. The significance of in vitro anticancer effect of potential probiotic L.C was further confirmed in an experimental tumor model. Data from the murine model of colorectal cancer (CRC) induced by Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) showed significantly alleviated inflammation and tumor development in AOM/DSS/L.C-injected mice compared to the AOM/DSS-injected mice. Tumor growth inhibition was accompanied by potential probiotic L.C-driven upregulation and downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related genes, similar to the in vitro results. These results showed that potential probiotic L.C inhibited the tumor growth, and that its anticancer activity was at least partially mediated through suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Overall, the present study suggested that this probiotic could be used clinically as a supplement for CRC prevention and treatment.
Graphic abstract
Background. Several trials have assessed the antihyperglycemic effects of sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a ...quantitative analysis to assess the impact of SGLT2is on serum uric acid (SUA) in patients with T2DM. Methods. Placebo-controlled trials published before 13 August 2021 were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. The intervention group received SGLT2i as monotherapy or add-on treatment, and the control group received a placebo that was replaced with SGLT2i. Clinical trials providing changes in SUA were included. The mean change of SUA, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and body weight were calculated (PROSPERO CRD42021287019). Results. After screening of 1172 papers, 59 papers were included in the systematic review. A total of 55 trials (122 groups) of 7 types of SGLT2i on patients with T2DM were eligible for meta-analysis. All SGLT2is significantly decreased SUA levels compared with the placebo groups: empagliflozin mean difference MD=−40.98 μmol/L, 95% CI -47.63, -34.32, dapagliflozin MD=−35.17 μmol/L, 95% CI -39.68, -30.66, canagliflozin MD=−36.27 μmol/L, 95% CI −41.62, −30.93, luseogliflozin MD=−24.269 μmol/L, 95% CI -33.31, -15.22, tofogliflozin MD=−19.47 μmol/L, 95% CI −27.40, −11.55, and ipragliflozin MD=−18.85 μmol/L, 95% CI −27.20, −10.49. SGLT2i also decreased FPG, body weight, and HbA1c levels. SUA reduction persisted during long-term treatment with SGLT2i (except for empagliflozin), while the SUA reduction was affected by the duration of diabetes. Conclusions. SGLT2i can be a valid therapeutic strategy for patients with T2DM and comorbid hyperuricemia. Besides reducing FPG, body weight, and HbA1c, SGLT2i can significantly decrease SUA levels compared to placebo (Total MD=−34.07 μmol/L, 95% CI -37.00, -31.14).
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•Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic ingredient extracted from herbs, suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation.•Acute pancreatitis triggering auto-degradation of pancreas ...accompanied by local and systemic inflammation.•Resveratrol seems to have several beneficial effects on Acute pancreatitis.
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic ingredient extracted from herbs, suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation. We performed a comprehensive review to find any evidence about the effects of Resveratrol on acute pancreatitis (AP). Resveratrol has been found to directly impact cytokine generation. As these factors play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of AP, resveratrol might attenuate AP and its complications. Mechanistically, resveratrol exerts its pharmacological effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms via interaction with different signaling molecules and transcription factors. Indeed, resveratrol might prove to be an effective therapeutic component for AP treatment in the future. In this review, we shed light on potential most recent pathways through which resveratrol might impact the management and control of AP.
Background. Beyond glycemic control, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have been proposed to reduce the risk of ...cardiovascular events. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis is to demonstrate the effects of GLP-1 RA and SGLT2is on intima-media thickness (IMT). Methods. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception to September 9, 2023. All interventional and observational studies that provided data on the effects of GLP-1 RAs or SGLT2is on IMT were included. Critical appraisal was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. IMT changes (preintervention and postintervention) were pooled and meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were based on type of medication (GLP-1 RA: liraglutide and exenatide; SGLT2i: empagliflozin, ipragliflozin, tofogliflozin, and dapagliflozin), randomized clinical trials (RCTs), and diabetic patients. Results. The literature search yielded 708 related articles after duplicates were removed. Eighteen studies examined the effects of GLP-1 RA, and eleven examined the effects of SGLT2i. GLP-1 RA and SGLT2i significantly decreased IMT (MD=−0.123, 95% CI (-0.170, -0.076), P<0.0001, I2=98% and MD=−0.048, 95% CI (-0.092, -0.004), P=0.031, I2=95%, respectively). Metaregression showed that IMT change correlated with baseline IMT, whereas it did not correlate with gender, duration of diabetes, and duration of treatment. Conclusions. Treatment with GLP-1 RA and SGLT2i can lower IMT in diabetic patients, and GLP-1 RA may be more effective than SGLT2i.
Gastric cancer (GC), with a 5-year survival rate of less than 40%, is known as the fourth principal reason of cancer-related mortality over the world. This study aims to develop predictive models ...using different machine learning (ML) classifiers based on both demographic and clinical variables to predict metastasis status of patients with GC. The data applied in this study including 733 of GC patients, divided into a train and test groups at a ratio of 8:2, diagnosed at Taleghani tertiary hospital. In order to predict metastasis in GC, ML-based algorithms, including Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Neural Network (NN), Decision Tree (RT) and Logistic Regression (LR), with 5-fold cross validation were performed. To assess the model performance, F1 score, precision, sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and precision-recall AUC (PR-AUC) were obtained. 262 (36%) experienced metastasis among 733 patients with GC. Although all models have optimal performance, the indices of SVM model seems to be more appropiate (training set: AUC: 0.94, Sensitivity: 0.94; testing set: AUC: 0.85, Sensitivity: 0.92). Then, NN has the higher AUC among ML approaches (training set: AUC: 0.98; testing set: AUC: 0.86). The RF of ML-based models, which determine size of tumor and age as two essential variables, is considered as the third efficient model, because of higher specificity and AUC (84% and 87%). Based on the demographic and clinical characteristics, ML approaches can predict the metastasis status in GC patients. According to AUC, sensitivity and specificity in both SVM and NN can be regarded as better algorithms among 6 applied ML-based methods.
Statins and fibrates are two lipid-lowering drugs used in patients with dyslipidemia. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the magnitude of the effect of statin and ...fibrate therapy on serum homocysteine levels.
A search was undertaken of the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar electronic databases up to 15 July 2022. Primary endpoints focused on plasma homocysteine levels. Data were quantitatively analyzed using fixed or random- effect models, as appropriate. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the drugs and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of statins.
After screening 1134 papers, 52 studies with a total of 20651 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The analysis showed a significant decrease in plasma homocysteine levels after statin therapy (WMD: -1.388 μmol/L, 95% CI: -2.184, -0.592, p = 0.001; I2 = 95%). However, fibrate therapy significantly increased plasma homocysteine levels (WMD: 3.459 μmol/L, 95% CI: 2.849, 4.069, p < 0.001; I2 = 98%). The effect of atorvastatin and simvastatin depended on the dose and duration of treatment (atorvastatin coefficient: 0.075 0.0132, 0.137; p = 0.017, coefficient: 0.103 0.004, 0.202; p = 0.040, respectively and simvastatin coefficient: -0.047 -0.063, -0.031; p < 0.001, coefficient: 0.046 0.016, 0.078; p = 0.004), whereas the effect of fenofibrate persisted over time (coefficient: 0.007 -0.011, 0.026; p = 0.442) and was not altered by a change in dosage (coefficient: -0.004 -0.031, 0.024; p = 0.798). In addition, the greater homocysteine- lowering effect of statins was associated with higher baseline plasma homocysteine concentrations (coefficient: -0.224 -0.340, -0.109; p < 0.001).
Fibrates significantly increased homocysteine levels, whereas statins significantly decreased them.
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a foremost cancer‐related death worldwide owing to rapid metastasis and poor prognosis. Metastasis, as the most important reason for death, is ...biologically a multifaceted process involving a range of cell signaling pathways. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as transcriptional regulators, can regulate numerous genomic processes and cellular processes such as cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. LncRNAs have also been shown to involve in/regulate the cancer metastasis‐related signaling pathways. Hence, they have increasingly been brought to international attention in molecular oncology research. A number of researchers have attempted to reveal the biological and clinical relevance of lncRNAs in ESCC tumourigenesis and metastasis. The aberrant expression of these molecules in ESCC has regularly been reported to involve in various cellular processes and clinical features, including diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic responses. Here, we especially consider the pathways in which lncRNAs act as metastasis‐mediated effectors, mainly by interacting with epithelial–mesenchymal transition‐associated factors. We review the biological roles of lncRNAs through involving in ESCC metastasis as well as the clinical significance of the metastasis‐related lncRNAs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Here, we especially consider the pathways in which long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as metastasis‐mediated effectors, mainly by interacting with epithelial–mesenchymal transition‐associated factors. We review the biological roles of lncRNAs through involving in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis as well as the clinical significance of the metastasis‐related lncRNAs in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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•High-fructose/fat diet (HFFD) induced obesity by Fe2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ deficiency and Cu2+ accumulation in serum.•HFFD induced oxidative damage by down regulating of Nrf-2 and ...Inflammation via up-regulating of NF-κB and TNF-α in liver.•HFFD induced dyslipidemia via up-regulating of SREBP-1c and down regulating of CPT-1.•There is a positive correlation among serum levels of Cu2+, MDA and TNF-α with white adipose content and insulin resistance.•Thyme oxymel improved oxidative stress, inflammation, homeostasis of trace elements and impaired lipid metabolism.
Thyme oxymel is a mixture of vinegar, sugar and thyme which is traditionally used in many folk medicines as syrup to treat metabolic disorders. The molecular mechanisms of anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of thyme oxymel or oxymel and its role on homeostasis of trace elements are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti- hyperlipidemic effects of different doses of thyme oxymel and oxymel on obesity induced by high-fat/-fructose diet (HFFD) in male rat.
Eighty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into eleven groups and treated daily for 24 weeks. At the end of the study, serum levels of liver enzymes, lipid profiles, blood glucose, insulin, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation and TNF-α were measured. The hepatic oxidative biomarkers and the genes expression of SREBP-1c, CPT-1, Nrf-2 and NF-κB were also studied to determine the molecular mechanism involved in this disease.
The results showed that HFFD could significantly change the level of oxidative biomarkers, lipid profiles, TNF-α, liver enzymes, leptin, insulin and the levels of some trace elements in obese rats compared to control group (p < 0.05), while pretreatment and treatment with thyme oxymel and oxymel in obese rats could significantly ameliorate them and bring some of them back to normal (p < 0.05).The molecular results also showed that HFFD significantly up-regulated the expression of SREBP-1c and NF-κB and down-regulated CPT-1 and Nrf-2 expression(p < 0.05). While, pretreatment and treatment with thyme oxymel or oxymel in obese rats could significantly ameliorate them (p < 0.05).
It can be concluded that thyme oxymel or oxymel can alleviate HFFD-induced obesity through improving oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid metabolism, homeostasis of some trace elements, and weight-regulating hormones.
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