The application of expansion constraint during the grain-boundary diffusion process using Nd70Cu30 eutectic alloy minimizes the remanence loss for the coercivity enhancement by optimizing the volume ...fraction of the Nd(Cu)-rich non-ferromagnetic intergranular layer. The diffusion-processed sample exhibits μ0Hc∼2T, μ0Mr=1.36 T and (BH)max=358kJm−3 at room temperature. Because of the low-temperature coefficient of coercivity, the magnet showed (BH)max∼191kJm−3 at 200°C, which is superior to that of Dy-containing high-coercivity sintered magnets.
The heat-integrated distillation column to be addressed in this paper is a special distillation column that involves internal heat integration between the whole rectifying and the whole stripping ...sections. An overview of the research on this process is presented in this work. It covers from the thermodynamic development and evaluations to the practical design and operation investigations for the process. Comparative studies against conventional distillation columns are introduced and the results obtained show distinctively the substantial advantages in energy efficiency of the process over its conventional counterparts. Some relevant issues of process design and operation are to be stressed and the results of the first of its kind bench-scale plant experimentation are given in great detail. The application of internal heat integration principle to other distillation-related processes is also discussed in depth. These include heat integration within batch distillation columns, pressure-swing distillation columns that are used for the separation of pressure-sensitive binary azeotropes, and different distillation columns that have no connections at all. The prospects of the HIDiC and our future research work are then highlighted.
In order to understand the origin of the coercivity reduction in a sintered Nd–Fe–B magnet that is annealed below an optimal annealing temperature, we performed focused ion beam/scanning electron ...microscopy tomography of post-sinter annealed magnets. A number of grain boundary cracks were observed between Nd2Fe14B grains and Nd-rich phases in the sample annealed below the optimal temperature. We deduced micromagnetic parameters α and Neff by fitting the temperature dependence of the coercivity. While α was constant regardless of the annealing conditions, Neff increased in the sample annealed below the optimal temperature with the reduced coercivity. This indicates that the reduction of the coercivity is due to the local stray field at the cracks.
•We performed FIB/SEM tomography of post-sinter annealed magnets.•A number of grain boundary cracks were observed in the low-coercivity sample.•Parameters α and Neff were deduced from the temperature dependence of coercivity.•While α was constant, Neff increased in the low-coercivity sample.•The reduction of the coercivity is due to the local stray field at the cracks.
The aims of this phase I/II study of docetaxel and S-1 were to determine the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), and recommended dose (RD) in the phase I part and to explore ...the tumour response, survival and safety in the phase II part. Patients with histologically- or cytologically confirmed unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer were eligible. Treatment consisted of intravenous docetaxel on day 1 (starting dose 50 mg m(-2)) and oral S-1 at a fixed dose of 40 mg m(-2) twice daily on days 1-14, every 4 weeks up to six cycles. Nine patients took part in the phase I portion of the study. The MTD of docetaxel was determined to be 50 mg m(-2), with the DLTs of grade 3 infection associated with grade 3 neutropenia and grade 4 neutropenia during S-1 administration. The RD of docetaxel was 40 mg m(-2) in combination with S-1 40 mg m(-2) b.i.d. The efficacy and safety of this regimen was therefore assessed in 46 patients with at least one measurable lesion. The overall response rate and estimated median overall survival were 46% (95% CI, 31-61%) and 14.0 months (8.3-17.3 months), respectively. The most common grade 3/4 toxicity was neutropenia (67% of patients), which was predictable and manageable. This regimen showed promising activity with moderate toxicities in advanced gastric cancer.
An influence of a 140
kOe magnetic field applied during the last-stage annealing process was investigated in Dy-free Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets. When a sample containing small amount of Cu and Al was ...annealed at
T
a
=
500
and
550
∘
C
under a magnetic field of
H
a
=
140
kOe
, the coercivity
H
c
increased by 20% and 16%, respectively, as compared with the control sample annealed at zero field. DSC data of this sample showed anomalies around 500 and
540
∘
C
. These results were discussed in terms of a field-induced change in interface matching between Nd
2Fe
14B and intergranular phases.
Nd2Fe14B films with the c-axis perpendicular to the film plane were deposited by introducing Mo (110) underlayer on the SiO2 substrates. When the temperature of the substrate during the deposition of ...the Nd-Fe-B layer was 600 °C, the demagnetization curve exhibited the coercivity of Hc=11 kOe. We observed an Hc increase of up to 14 kOe by capping the film with the Nd overlayer and post-annealing at 500°C. Cross-sectional TEM observation and NBD analysis suggest that the Nd in the overlayer is in the oxide state with either cubic-NdO2 or hcp-Nd2O3 structures.
Highly ordered mesoporous silicates with uniform cylindrical pores, such as MCM-41, templated by the self-assembly of surfactant molecules have attracted much attention in last decade, because of ...their potential applicability as catalysts, adsorbents, large molecular sieves and so forth. The pore size can be controlled using templates with different chain lengths of carbon; however, the range of pore sizes is limited in the mesoporous region (larger than 2.0 nm). It is important to form porous materials with ordered pores between 1.3 and 2.0 nm (that is, smaller pores than MCM-41 type mesoporous materials and larger pores than conventional zeolites), from a scientific and practical perspective.
A new configuration for ideal heat integrated distillation columns (HIDiC) is proposed by further heat integration between its overhead product and feed. This modification makes the ideal HIDiC more ...self-support and imposes fewer constraints to the environment. The added heat integration is different in nature from the one between the rectifying and the stripping sections. The latter is self-regulating, while the former is not. Open-loop integrating process is produced by the added heat integration, which makes the process more difficult to control than before. It is therefore extremely important to explore the interaction and tradeoff between process design and operation. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the process operation feasibility and it is found that the process can be well controlled through manipulations of pressure difference between the rectifying and the stripping sections and feed thermal condition.
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