The review summarizes the approaches to the synthesis of natural biologically active indoloquinoline systems isolated from
Cryptolepis sanguinolenta
published over the past twenty years. The ...classification of the existing methods was carried out according to the principle of building of the heterocyclic system: annulation to an already existing indole or quinoline ring or tandem formation of both rings.
It is established that the mollusk fauna of Kolguev Island (eastern part of the Barents Sea) is represented by 20–22 species of freshwater mollusks, of which 13 have been identified for the first ...time. The mollusk fauna of the island belongs to widespread Palearctic and Holarctic species. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to study the relationship between environmental factors and the density of the freshwater mollusk. According to our data, the joint influence of the substrate type, the abundance of algae, and the chemical composition of water plays a significant role in the distribution of mollusks in the studied water bodies and watercourses. An analysis of gene sequences of 16S rRNA samples of bivalve species of the family Sphaeriidae showed that the specimens from Kolguev Island, Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Vaygach Island, Yamal Peninsula, Gydan Peninsula, Europe, Siberia, the Far East, China, and North America have identical haplotypes or differ by one or two nucleotide substitutions. The molecular data indicate that the mollusk fauna of Kolguev Island is a result of recent migration after the digression of the ice. The dispersal of freshwater mollusks to the island could occur both through natural settlements through water systems and with waterfowl.
A method for the synthesis of 2-(2-acylaminoaryl)quinolines was developed based on a one-pot sequence of direct electrophilic acylamination of arenes with nitroalkanes in polyphosphoric acid and ...acylation at the
ortho
position with respect to the acylamino group.
Linear Paul Trap for Quantum Logic Experiments Semerikov, I. A.; Zalivako, I. V.; Borisenko, A. S. ...
Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute,
12/2020, Letnik:
47, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The design of a linear ion Paul trap for quantum-logical operations on ultracold ions with high reliability is developed. The general requirements for the trap are presented, its parameters are ...optimized, and electric fields are numerically simulated.
The Paul ion trap is developed for the use in a compact frequency standard based on a single ytterbium ion. The design features are the use of atomic ovens for compensating for parasitic electric ...fields and good optical accessibility. The results on trapping and laser cooling of a single
171
Yb+ ion are presented. A secular frequency of up to 1.2 MHz has been achieved.
Study Design:
Multicenter observational survey study.
Objectives:
To quantify and compare the inter- and intraobserver reliability of Allen-Fergusson (A-F), Harris, Argenson, and AOSpine (AOS) ...classifications for cervical spine injuries, in a multicentric survey of neurosurgeons with different levels of experience.
Methods:
We used data of 64 consecutive patients. Totally, 37 surgeons (from 7 centers), were included in the study. The initial assessment was returned by 36 raters. The second assessment performed after 1.5 months included 24 raters.
Results:
We received 15 111 answers for 3840 evaluations. Raters reached a fair general agreement of the A-F scale, while the experienced group achieved κ = 0.39. While all groups showed moderate interrater reliability for primary assessment of Harris scale (κ = 0.44), the κ value for experts decreased from 0.58 to 0.49. The Argenson scale demonstrated moderate and substantial agreement among all raters (κ = 0.47 and κ = 0.55, respectively). The AOS scheme primary assessment general kappa value for all types of injuries and across all raters was 0.49, reaching substantial agreement among experts (κ = 0.62) with moderate agreement across beginner and intermediate groups (κ = 0.48 and κ = 0.44, respectively). The second assessment general agreement kappa value reached 0.56.
Conclusions:
We found the highest values of interobserver agreement and reproducibility among surgeons with different levels of experience with Argenson and AOSpine classifications. The AOSpine scale additionally incorporated more detailed description of compression injuries and facet-joint fractures. Agreement levels reached for Allen-Fergusson and Harris scales were fair and moderate, respectively, indicating difficulty of their application in clinical practice, especially by junior specialists.
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