The present study reports the synthesis of composite films comprising PEO/Na2PtCl6 complex and their deposition onto fused silica substrates via the dip‐coating method. Chemical, crystallographic, ...and thermal characterizations are carried out to confirm the incorporation of Na2PtCl6 and PEO matrix into the films. The transmittance of the PEO film is initially high and decreases subsquently with an increase in Na2PtCl6 content. The optical band‐gap energy of the composite films decreases exponentially from 4.62 to 3.79 eV with the increase in Na2PtCl6 content. Furthermore, in the normal dispersion region, the refractive index of the PEO film decreases from 2.00 to 1.670 as the wavelength increases from 400 to 700 nm. The refractive index values increase with an increase in the concentration of Na2PtCl6 in the PEO film up to 8 wt.%. The incorporation of Na2PtCl6 into the PEO matrix increases the electrical conductivity because of the combined enhancement of the PEO conductivity and increase i Na2PtCl6. These findings suggest that PEO/Na2PtCl6 complex composite films have potential applications in UV‐shielding and optoelectronic devices.
The influence of ionic‐electronic coupling on the electrical conductivity and the photoconductivity of organic mixed ionic electronic conductor (OMIECs) of polyaniline/poly (4‐styrene sulfonic acid) ...(PANI/PSS) composite films. PANI/PSS composite films are connected by blending the carbon atoms within the aromatic ring in PANI with sulfonate groups in PSS. The electrical conductivity of PANI/PSS composite film increases from 0.80S.cm−1 to 1.23S.cm−1 as the pH value increases from 3 to 9. The electrical conductivity of PANI/PSS composite films for all pH values increases continuously as the temperature increases. Additionally, the PANI/PSS composite films exhibit photo responses at UV light since the band structure can absorb the light in this region. The photoconductivity curves of PANI/PSS composite films for different pH values exhibit good consistency and repeatability. Modeling raising photoconductivity and decaying conductivity after light off leads us to understand the underlying physics of the ionic‐electronic coupling and other parameters on the photoconductivity of OMIECs, consequently building OMIEC devices for different photoconductivity applications.
Morphological properties of PANI/PSS composite films. SEM micrographs of PANI/PSS composite films at different pH values: PANI/PSS composite exhibits two phases‐PSS phase with ionic charge carriers and PANI phase with electronic charge carriers in the form of polarons.
Polyethylene oxide‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEO‐PEDOT) nanocomposite films ‐ incorporated with NiZnFeO4 nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited using a dip‐coating technique. X‐ray diffraction ...(XRD) analysis revealed peaks at 35.4, 43.2, 54.5, and 56.3° diffraction angles, corresponding to NiZnFeO4NPs diffraction planes of 311, 400, 422, and 511, respectively. The PEO‐PEDOT film exhibited a smooth amorphous nature with a sheet nanostructure behavior. The incorporation of NiZnFeO4NPs NPs into the PEO‐PEDOT nanocomposite films led to an increase in surface roughness and thermal stability. The nanocomposite films also exhibited sheet nanostructure behavior as observed by SEM micrographs. The bandgap energies of the films, as deduced from the Tauc plot, exhibited a monotonic decrease from 3.91 to 3.60 eV as the NiZnFeO4NPs concentration increased from 0 to 8 wt%. A mathematical model was formulated to predict the bandgap energies versus NiZnFeO4NPs concentration. Additionally, the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite films increased monotonically from 0.46 to 1.30 mS cm−1 as the NiZnFeO4NPs concentration increased from 0 to 8 wt%, as determined by 4‐point probe. The observed correlation between the optical and electrical properties of the nanocomposite films indicates promising prospects for utilizing these materials in optoelectronic devices.
Characterizations of PEO‐PEDOT/NiZnFeO4 NPs nanocomposite films.
Abstract
Organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (OMIECs) are organic materials capable of transporting both ionic species and electronic charges, facilitating ionic‐electronic coupling and ...enhancing electrical conductivity. PEO‐PEDOT/KOTf composite films synthesized in this study demonstrate significant electrical conductivity enhancement due to the ionic‐electronic coupling. The electrical conductivity of PEO‐PEDOT is 7.05 S.cm
−1
, predominantly arising from the electronic transport of PEDOT polarons with a minor contribution from ionic transport in PEO. However, introducing KOTf into the PEO‐PEDOT matrix at varying concentrations gradually increases electrical conductivity. At a KOTf concentration of 16 wt.%, the electrical conductivity reaches 51.06 S.cm
−1
. This pronounced enhancement can be primarily due to the ionic‐electronic coupling occurring at the interface between phase‐separated regions within the polymer matrix. The incorporation of KOTf into PEO‐PEDOT was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy. Moreover, our investigation involved X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis, which unveiled a notable trend. As the KOTf concentrations increased, the degree of crystallinity in the PEO‐PEDOT/KOTf composite films declined. This observation provides valuable insights into the structural changes occurring within the films as KOTf is integrated. The potential implications of this discovery span across numerous fields, opening exciting possibilities for advancing electronic and energy‐related technologies.
ABSTRACT
Azobenzene has attracted substantial attention as a photoswitchable molecule since its applications range from energy and data storage to biomedical applications. This work reports a new ...type of thin‐film based on azobenzene derivative anchored to cerium oxide nanoparticles CeO2NPs for photoswitching applications. The trans–cis isomerization and reverse isomerization occur by UV‐light exposure and thermal relaxation process, respectively. The photoisomerization and reverse isomerization kinetics for CeO2NPs‐MR thin films are studied, investigated, and analyzed using UV‐Vis absorbance spectra, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in addition to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement to study the energy storage capacity. The results found that anchoring azobenzene to CeO2NPs is successful in multisource storage of solar energy applications.
Azobenzene has attracted substantial attention as a photoswitchable molecule due to its applications range from energy and data storage to biomedical applications. This is a new type of thin‐film based on azobenzene derivative anchored to Cerium oxide nanoparticles CeO2NPs for photoswitching applications. The trans – cis isomerization and reverse isomerizations occur by UV‐light exposure and thermal relaxation process, respectively.
The photoisomerization kinetics of photoswitchable thin films based on nanostructure/molecular layers of AlN‐AO7 have been studied, investigated and reported. The trans → cis isomerization process ...occurs by UV‐light irradiation. The cis‐isomer could be turned back to the trans‐isomer by either thermal or optical relaxation. The kinetics and time‐evolution of the photoisomerization and reverse isomerization mechanism of AlN‐AO7 thin films are investigated by UV‐Vis absorbance spectra using relevant models. All phases of AlN‐AO7 thin film, initial trans‐, cis‐, optical trans‐, thermal trans‐phases, were investigated using UV‐Vis absorbance spectra, FTIR spectra, XRD and SEM. Transforming AlN‐AO7 thin film from the initial trans‐phase into cis‐phase leads to curvature in the AO7 leaves and increases in the strain inside the structure. Going back to the trans‐phase by either optical or thermal relaxation leads to vanishing the curvature and decreasing the structure's strain. Finally, the energy storage capacity was calculated using DSC and was found to be 36.38 J g−1, simultaneously realizing the multisource solar energy storage and environmental heat.
Azobenzene is crucial to photoswitchable molecule technology in energy and data storage, and biomedical applications. Our new thin film is based on azobenzene derivatives anchored to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (CeO2‐NPs) for photoswitching applications. The reversible trans ↔ cis isomerization occurs via UV‐light exposure and thermal relaxation process, respectively. The energy stored in the isomer via the induced twisting and shrinking in length holding the angular momentum embedded in the shape before relaxation and releasing energy.
In this study, the polyethylene oxide (PEO)/SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) nanocomposite films with various SiO2 NPs concentrations were prepared using an in situ formation of NPs in the polymer matrix for ...self‐cleaning antireflected surface applications. The effect of SiO2 NPs in PEO/SiO2 NPs nanocomposite films on the structural, morphological, chemical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties of PEO/SiO2 NPs nanocomposite films was performed. According to the x‐ray diffraction and the differential scanning calorimetry analysis, the crystallinity degree of the nanocomposite films decreases by increasing the SiO2 NPs concentrations. The bandgap energy of PEO/SiO2 NPs nanocomposite films decreases from 3.95 to 3.55 eV as the SiO2 NPs concentration increases up to 10 wt.%. The average electrical conductivity of the PEO/SiO2 NPs nanocomposite films increases from 5.1 × 10−7 to 2.0 × 10−6 S/cm as the SiO2 NPs concentration increases up to 10 wt.%. The refractive index decreases to 1.64 at 550 nm for the PEO/SiO2 NPs nanocomposite films with 10 wt.% of SiO2 NPs, and the water contact angle decreases to around 0° after thermal treatment, which confirms that the PEO/SiO2 NPs nanocomposite films can be used as self‐cleaning antireflected surfaces.
Morphological and particle dispersion of PEO/SiO2 nanocomposite films.
This work proposes a novel dopant material to improve the energy storage in azo molecules. Organometallic material with platinum base atom (sodium hexachloroplatinate (IV) (Na2PtCl6)) was used as a ...dopant material in polyethylene oxide‐methyl red (PEO‐MR) films. The photoisomerization kinetics, the energy storage, and the electrical conductivity distribution of PEO‐(MR‐Na2PtCl6) films are investigated and studied. In addition, the effect of Na2PtCl6 on the chemical and crystal structure is also premeditated. It can be concluded that adding Na2PtCl6 to PEO‐MR film improves the energy storage in the azo molecules. Therefore, the addition of Na2PtCl6 into PEO‐MR films can be proposed for different applications, especially in molecular solar thermal energy storage media.
Azobenzene and its derivatives can change the chemical group connecting with the aromatic rings to get a new geometry. Azobenzene converts from E‐isomer to Z‐isomer by irradiate to UV light, and returns from Z‐state to E‐state by exposure to blue light or thermal relaxation. The kinetics of photoisomerization process are describing by the four‐level model
The coupling behavior of the wide field surface plasmon microscopy (WF-SPRM) with single-, two-, and multiple-gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with different AuNPs sizes is investigated using theoretical, ...simulation, and experimental approaches. The signal intensity of a single AuNP increases from 208 a.u. to 583 a.u. as particle size increases from 40 to 80 nm, which evidences the signal-building mechanism of Rayleigh scattering theory. A discrete particle model of SPR is used to understand the interaction between an Au-layer and a single AuNP. The calculated intensity profile of the single AuNP from the discrete particle model is accepted with the experimental data. In addition, the superposition between 2-AuNPs surface plasmon waves is studied using the finite element method as well as experimental data from WF-SPRM. The surface plasmon waves around the two particles generate an interference pattern. Finally, it is demonstrated that plasmonic multiple particles scattering can be represented by an effective media, which is described by Maxwell-Garnet equations.
