This research was conducted during the growing season 2015 - 2016 to investigate the response of 2 year's old transplants of “Othmani” pear cultivar budded on Calleryana root stock to foliar ...application with licorice root extract at four levels 0 (Li0), 2.5 g.L-1 (Li2.5), 5 g.L-1 (Li5) and 10 g.L-1 (Li10) and garlic extract at four levels, 0 (GA0), 5ml.L-1 (GA5), 10ml.L-1 (GA10) and 20ml.L-1 (GA20) and their interaction in leaves mineral and hormonal content . Each treatment was replicated three times using a factorial experiment using RCBD. The number of trees used was 96 trees. The results showed that the interaction between spraying garlic extract at 20 ml .L-1 combined with licorice root extract at 10 g .L-1 (GA20Li10) gave a high value of leaves nitrogen content at1.35 and 1.83%, potassium content at 2.410 and 2.592%, iron content at 210.3 and 234.5 mg. Kg -1and highest leaves zinc content at18.00 and 20.22 mg. Kg -1 for both seasons, respectively. As well as for hormones, GA20Li10 treatment was given the highest leaves content of IAA at 41.73 and 46.52 μg·g-1and the highest leaves GA3 content with 229.8 and 259.4 μg·g-1 for both seasons respectively. The lowest value of these parameters was found in the control (GA0Li0) treatment.
OBJECTIVES
Despite the seriousness of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) as a postoperative complication, previously proposed risk prediction models were met with limited success. The purpose of ...this study was to identify perioperative variables associated with PMV in elective primary coronary bypass surgery. PMV was defined as the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation for >72 h, after completion of the operation.
METHODS
Between April 1997 and September 2010, 10 977 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed. A series of two multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify preoperative predictors of prolonged ventilation and the impact of operative variables.
RESULTS
PMV occurred in 215 (1.96%) patients; 119 (55.3%) of these underwent tracheostomy. At multivariate analysis, predictors included NYHA higher than class II (odds ratio OR, 1.77; 95% confidence intervals CI, 1.34-2.34), renal dialysis (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.08-14.65), age at operation (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06), reduced FEV1 (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99), body mass index >35 kg/m2 (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.14-2.63). On serial logistic regression analyses, operative variables added little to the discriminatory power of the model. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed reduced survival among PMV patients (P < 0.001) with an improved survival in the tracheostomy subgroup.
CONCLUSIONS
PMV after coronary bypass is associated with a reduction in early and mid-term survival. Risk modelling for PMV remains problematic even when examining a more homogenous lower risk group.
Summery: A field experiment was carried out for the spring and autumn seasons 2020 in Rawa district. The first factor occupied the stages. Addition of humic acid and the second planting dates. I used ...a randomized complete-plot design (RCBD) with split-plot arrangement with three replications to see the effect of the phases of humic acid addition (S0, S1, S2 and S3) and planting dates (1 D, D2 and D3) in Some of the characteristics of vegetative growth and the results exceeded the treatment S3 in (plant height, leaf area and the ear height) as it achieved 200.28 cm, 591.1 cm2, and 117.39 cm respectively in the spring season, but in the autumn season, treatment S2 surpassed in (the fewest days from emergence until 50% tasseling and silking, in the characteristic of plant height and ear height) gave 45.78 days, 52.00 days, 232.66 cm and 136.20 cm respectively. Treatment S1 also outperformed the leaf area, as it gave 836.1 cm2. The planting dates had a moral effect in most of the studied characteristics in the two seasons, in the spring season the date D3 exceeded in (the fewest days from emergence of up to 50% tasseling and silking), as it gave a day, 74.42 days, respectively, and the date D2 exceeded (an increase in characteristic ear height) as it gave 118.26 cm, but in the autumn season it exceeded the date D3 in (the fewest days from emergence of up to 50% tasseling and silking, recipe for plant height and the ear height) as it gave 44.50 days, 49.58 days, 238.90 cm, 141.59 Cm respectively, as the interaction had a significant effect on most of the studied traits. In the spring season, the parameters D2, S3 and D2, S2 and D1, and S2 were distinguished in the characteristic of( plant height ,leaf area and ear height), respectively, as it gave 203.33 cm. 635.6 cm2, 120.53 cm, respectively, but in the autumn season, the treatment and D3 and S1 were distinguished in (plant height and ear height) as it gave, 242.43 cm and 145.33 cm, respectively, while treatment D3 and S2 were distinguished in (the fewest days of Emergence of up to 50% tasseling), given 43.67 days.
Objective:To investigate the acute toxicity of cadmium and lead on larvae of two tropical Chironomid species,Chironomus kiiensis(C.kiiensis) Tokunaga and Chironomus javanus(C. javanus) ...Kieffer.Methods:Different larval instars(first-fourth) were exposed using a sialic non-replacement testing procedures to various concentrations of cadmium and lead.Results: In general,younger larvae(first and second instars) of both species were more sensitive to both metals than older larvae(third and forth instars).The toxic effects of the metals on C.kiiensis and C. javanus were influenced by the age of the larvae(first to fourth instars),types of metals(cadmium or lead) and duration of larval exposure(24,48,72 and 96 h) to the metals.Conclusions:Cadmium was more toxic to the chironomids than lead and C.javanus was significantly more sensitive to both metals than C.kiiensis(P<0.05).
Kinetochore protein phosphorylation promotes the correction of erroneous microtubule attachments to ensure faithful chromosome segregation during cell division. Determining how phosphorylation ...executes error correction requires an understanding of whether kinetochore substrates are completely (i.e., all-or-none) or only fractionally phosphorylated. Using quantitative mass spectrometry (MS), we measured phospho-occupancy on the conserved kinetochore protein Hec1 (NDC80) that directly binds microtubules. None of the positions measured exceeded ∼50% phospho-occupancy, and the cumulative phospho-occupancy changed by only ∼20% in response to changes in microtubule attachment status. The narrow dynamic range of phospho-occupancy is maintained, in part, by the ongoing phosphatase activity. Further, both Cdk1-Cyclin B1 and Aurora kinases phosphorylate Hec1 to enhance error correction in response to different types of microtubule attachment errors. The low inherent phospho-occupancy promotes microtubule attachment to kinetochores while the high sensitivity of kinetochore-microtubule attachments to small changes in phospho-occupancy drives error correction and ensures high mitotic fidelity.
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