Every now and then, there has been natural or man‐made calamities. Such adversities instigate various institutions to find solutions for them. The current study attempts to explore the disaster ...caused by the micro enemy called coronavirus for the past few months and aims at finding the solution for the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations to which q−homotopy analysis transform method (q−HATM) has been applied to arrive at effective results. In this paper, there are eight nonlinear ordinary differential equations considered and to solve them the advanced fractional operator Atangana‐Baleanu (AB) fractional derivative has been applied to produce better understanding. The outcomes have been presented in terms of plots. Ultimately, the present study assists in examining the real‐world models and aids in predicting their behavior corresponding to the parameters considered in the models.
Abstract
In this paper, we are connected with oscillation of third-order linear neutral delay difference equation of the form
Δ
(
c
2
(
σ
)
Δ
(
c
1
(
σ
)
Δ
h
(
σ
)
)
)
+
p
(
σ
)
x
(
σ
−
ς
)
=
0
,
σ
≥
...σ
0
>
0
,
where
h
(
σ
)
=
x
(
σ
)
+
q
(
σ
)
x
(
σ
−
η
)
. Here
c
1
(
σ
) and
c
2
(
σ
) are the sequence of positive integers,
p
(
σ
) and
q
(
σ
) are positive and real sequences such that
q
(
σ
) ≥
q
0
> 1 and
p
(
σ
) ≠ 0,
ς
,
η
are positive integers, such that
ς
>
η
.
In this manuscript, we discuss the Tarig transform for homogeneous and non-homogeneous linear differential equations. Using this Tarig integral transform, we resolve higher-order linear differential ...equations, and we produce the conditions required for Hyers–Ulam stability. This is the first attempt to use the Tarig transform to show that linear and nonlinear differential equations are stable. This study also demonstrates that the Tarig transform method is more effective for analyzing the stability issue for differential equations with constant coefficients. A discussion of applications follows, to illustrate our approach. This research also presents a novel approach to studying the stability of differential equations. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that Tarig transform analysis is more practical for examining stability issues in linear differential equations with constant coefficients. In addition, we examine some applications of linear, nonlinear, and fractional differential equations, by using the Tarig integral transform.
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the generalized Hyers-Ulam stabilities of the fourth-order homogeneous differential equation and the non-homogeneous linear differential equation by applying ...Fourier transform method.
The existence of man is dependent on nature, and this existence can be disturbed by either man-made devastations or by natural disasters. As a universal phenomenon in nature, symmetry has attracted ...the attention of scholars. The study of symmetry provides insights into physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics. One of the most important characteristics in the expressive assessment and development of computational design techniques is symmetry. Yet, mathematical models are an important method of studying real-world systems. The symmetry reflected by such a mathematical model reveals the inherent symmetry of real-world systems. This study focuses on the contagious model of pine wilt disease and symmetry, employing the q-HATM (q-Homotopy Analysis Transform Method) to the leading fractional operator Atangana–Baleanu (AB) to arrive at better understanding. The outgrowths are exhibited in the forms of figures and tables. Finally, the paper helps to analyze the practical theory, assisting the prediction of its manner that corresponds to the guidelines when contemplating the replica.
The 5-nitroimidazole, metronidazole, has traditionally been employed in veterinary medicine to treat a range of infections including the diplomonad fish parasite Spironucleus. This study aims to ...determine the mode of action of metronidazole on Spironucleus vortens, including the specific mechanism of activation of the pro-drug and subsequent cellular targets of the drug metabolites. Due to the ban on use of metronidazole in the treatment of production animals in Europe and USA, garlic-derived compounds were also investigated as natural alternatives to metronidazole chemotherapy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided an overview of gross cellular damage caused by metronidazole and garlic derivatives. Proteomic analyses by 2D gel electrophoresis identified the proteins involved in specific covalent adduct formation with nitroimidazoles. Furthermore, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity and non-protein thiol concentration were assayed in extracts of S. vortens before and after treatment with nitroimidazoles and garlic-derivatives. Metronidazole and garlic-derived compounds caused severe damage of trophozoites indicated by membrane blebbing and lysed cell debris. Analysis of the S. vortens proteome identified several proteins capable of specific nitroimidazole binding, including; uridine phosphorylase, enolase, protein disulphide isomerase, aminoacyl-histidine dipeptidase and malic enzyme. Of the compounds tested, metronidazole and the garlic-derived compound ajoene were the most effective at inhibiting TrxR activity and depleting non-protein thiols. These data suggest TrxR-mediated activation of nitroimidazoles, leading to depletion of non-protein thiols. Redox imbalance due to antioxidant failure is implicated as the mode of action of nitroimidazoles and garlic-derived compounds, ultimately leading to cell death. Possible synergy between garlic derivatives and metronidazole should be further investigated in vitro in order to determine their theoretical implications.
The UniCarb-DB database is an emerging public glycomics data repository, containing over 500 tandem mass spectra (as of March 2013) of glycans released from glycoproteins. A major challenge in ...glycomics research is to provide and maintain high-quality datasets that will offer the necessary diversity to support the development of accurate bioinformatics tools for data deposition and analysis. The role of UniCarb-DB, as an archival database, is to provide the glycomics community with open-access to a comprehensive LC MS/MS library of N- and O- linked glycans released from glycoproteins that have been annotated with glycosidic and cross-ring fragmentation ions, retention times, and associated experimental metadata descriptions. Here, we introduce the UniCarb-DB data submission pipeline and its practical application to construct a library of LC–MS/MS glycan standards that forms part of this database. In this context, an independent consortium of three laboratories was established to analyze the same 23 commercially available oligosaccharide standards, all by using graphitized carbon-liquid chromatography (LC) electrospray ionization (ESI) ion trap mass spectrometry in the negative ion mode. A dot product score was calculated for each spectrum in the three sets of data as a measure of the comparability that is necessary for use of such a collection in library-based spectral matching and glycan structural identification. The effects of charge state, de-isotoping and threshold levels on the quality of the input data are shown. The provision of well-characterized oligosaccharide fragmentation data provides the opportunity to identify determinants of specific glycan structures, and will contribute to the confidence level of algorithms that assign glycan structures to experimental MS/MS spectra. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Computational Proteomics in the Post-Identification Era. Guest Editors: Martin Eisenacher and Christian Stephan.
•Glycan fragmentation properties are important factors for spectral matching tools.•Access to characterized fragmentation data assists glycan structure assignment.•A data submission workflow was created to store MS/MS data collections.•Manually validated and curated glycan MS/MS spectra made freely available•International effort to analyze commercially available oligosaccharide standards
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