High performance sport for females is an area which is gaining more and more relevance today, but which hasn't received the same research interest as sport for males. The aim of the present study was ...to analyse the motivational climate perceived by high performance female athletes and the implications on perceived motor competence and autonomous behaviour and check the differences according category, sport experience and training hours in performance and master climate. The participants were 615 female athletes who practice top level team sports, with ages comprised of 16 to 38 (M = 22,10; SD = 4,91). The sample consisted of two different categories: junior (n = 242) and senior (n = 373). These players participated in different team sports, specifically football, handball, basketball and volleyball, training between 6 and 24 hours a week (M = 8,34; DT = 4,33). The variables measured were: perceived motivational climate in sport, autonomous behaviour and perceived motor competence. A cluster analysis was carried out using, as a variable, the perceived motivational climate, and showing the existence of two profiles, one related to ego and the other to task. The multivariate analysis showed that the profile orientated towards the task had significant differences compared to the autonomous behaviour (M = 4.66 vs M = 3.41). At the same time an analysis was carried out looking at different social demographic variables, revealing how there were differences in the sports experience (those participants with more than ten years' experience were more orientated towards ego, compared to those with less than ten years' experience) and the category (junior athletes were more orientated towards the task, compared to senior athletes). It was concluded that a greater orientation towards the task can lead to an improvement in the perception of motor competence, with the youngest and least experienced athletes being the most prominent in this category.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We describe the first implanted glucose biofuel cell (GBFC) that is capable of generating sufficient power from a mammal's body fluids to act as the sole power source for electronic devices. This ...GBFC is based on carbon nanotube/enzyme electrodes, which utilize glucose oxidase for glucose oxidation and laccase for dioxygen reduction. The GBFC, implanted in the abdominal cavity of a rat, produces an average open-circuit voltage of 0.57 V. This implanted GBFC delivered a power output of 38.7 μW, which corresponded to a power density of 193.5 μW cm(-2) and a volumetric power of 161 μW mL(-1). We demonstrate that one single implanted enzymatic GBFC can power a light-emitting diode (LED), or a digital thermometer. In addition, no signs of rejection or inflammation were observed after 110 days implantation in the rat.
A 3D nanofibrous network of compressed chitosan in the presence of genipin as the cross-linker, carbon nanotubes and laccase constitutes a new design to enhance the stability and the biocompatibility ...of biocathodes. The
in vitro
delivered current was around −0.3 mA mL
−1
for 20 days under continuous discharge. A thin film made of chitosan cross-linked with genipin was synthesized and optimized for oxygen and glucose diffusion. This film was used as a biocompatible barrier on the surface of biocathodes implanted in rats. The biocathodes remained operational after 167 days
in vivo
. This biocathode design minimised the inflammatory response in the first two weeks after implantation. After several months, the growth of macrophages was observed. The electrical connection and the catalytic activity of the enzyme entrapped into the biocathode were demonstrated after almost 6 months of implantation by the
ex vivo
measurement of the OCP (0.45 V to 0.48 V) and the delivered current (−0.6 mA mL
−1
) under optimal conditions.
We demonstrate that the use of a Chit-MWCNT matrix, fabricated by mechanical compression, allows construction of a biocompatible enzymatic biocathode which remains operational after more than five months
in vivo
(retaining 50% of its initial electrocatalytic activity).
Purpose
The aim of the study was to compare the outcomes of patients with post‐COVID‐19 condition undergoing supervised therapeutic exercise intervention or following the self‐management WHO (World ...Health Organization) rehabilitation leaflet.
Methods
A randomized controlled trial was carried out that included 39 participants with post‐COVID‐19 condition who had a chronic symptomatic phase lasting >12 weeks. Comprehensive medical screening, patient‐reported symptoms, and cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength were assessed. Patients were randomly assigned to a tailored multicomponent exercise program based on concurrent training for 8 weeks (two supervised sessions per week comprised resistance training combined with aerobic training moderate intensity variable training, plus a third day of monitored light intensity continuous training), or to a control group which followed the WHO guidelines for rehabilitation after COVID‐19.
Results
After follow‐up, there were changes in physical outcomes in both groups, however, the magnitude of the change pre–post intervention favored the exercise group in cardiovascular and strength markers: VO2max +5.7%, sit‐to‐stand −22.7% and load‐velocity profiles in bench press +6.3%, and half squat +16.9%, (p < 0.05). In addition, exercise intervention resulted in a significantly better quality of life, less fatigue, less depression, and improved functional status, as well as in superior cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength compared to controls (p < 0.05). No adverse events were observed during the training sessions.
Conclusion
Compared to current WHO recommendations, a supervised, tailored concurrent training at low and moderate intensity for both resistance and endurance training is a more effective, safe, and well‐tolerated intervention in post‐COVID‐19 conditions.
Post-COVID-19 Syndrome and the Potential Benefits of Exercise Jimeno-Almazán, Amaya; Pallarés, Jesús G.; Buendía-Romero, Ángel ...
International journal of environmental research and public health,
05/2021, Letnik:
18, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is leading to unknown and unusual health conditions that are challenging to ...manage. Post-COVID-19 syndrome is one of those challenges, having become increasingly common as the pandemic evolves. The latest estimates suggest that 10 to 20% of the SARS-CoV-2 patients who undergo an acute symptomatic phase are experiencing effects of the disease beyond 12 weeks after diagnosis. Although research is beginning to examine this new condition, there are still serious concerns about the diagnostic identification, which limits the best therapeutic approach. Exercise programs and physical activity levels are well-known modulators of the clinical manifestations and prognosis in many chronic diseases. This narrative review summarizes the up-to-date evidence on post-COVID-19 syndrome to contribute to a better knowledge of the disease and explains how regular exercise may improve many of these symptoms and could reduce the long-term effects of COVID-19.
3D printing has recently triggered huge attention in several fields such as construction, artificial tissue engineering, food fabrication, wearable electronics, and electrochemical energy storage.
...This work investigates the fabrication of a 3D-printed abiotic cathode for implantable glucose/oxygen biofuel cells. The ink formulation was optimized to get printable ink with high electro-catalytic activity. Electrode macro porosity was screened in order to identify the better compromise between electrode density and electrochemical performance. A maximum current density of 260 μA/cm2 was obtained with cylindrical electrodes with linear mesh infill and a volumic infill rate of 40%.
A complete biofuel cell was assembled using a 3D-printed abiotic cathode and an enzymatic anode in the form of a compressed pellet showing maximum power and current densities of 80 μW/cm2 and 320 μA/cm2, respectively. Moreover, the hybrid biofuel cell was implanted in the intraabdominal region of a rat for three months and after cell explantation, the abiotic cathode displayed a 50% decrease in the current density while the enzymatic anode did not display any residual activity.
The 3D printed electrode displayed a 2–3.6 fold increase in current density when compared to homolog 2D electrodes.
Implantation of the biofuel cell in a free-living rat for 1–3 months. Display omitted
•Nanocellulose-chitosan and N-doped graphene are used for cathode formulation.•3D printed cathodes provide a 3.6-fold increase in current density.•Fuel cell implantation in a rat does not induce severe inflammatory reactions.
ABSTRACTCourel-Ibáñez, J, Sánchez-Alcaraz Martinez, BJ, and Muñoz Marín, D. Exploring game dynamics in padelimplications for assessment and training. J Strength Cond Res 33(7)1971–1977, 2019—A better ...understanding of in-game competition demands potentially improved coaching strategy and quality. However, there is very limited information about game patterns in padel, a very modern racket sport born in the 70s. The purpose of this study was therefore to quantify and classify game dynamics during the match in professional padel players through a multivariate decision tree approach including technical, spatial, and effectiveness indicators. The results determined 3 main game styles strongly defined by the court zone (net, middle, and baseline). In addition, particular technical, spatial, and effectiveness indicators were identified in each zone. In net and middle areas (offense) stood the use of volleys and overhead strokes on the center lane to both keep a positional advantage and solve the point. Conversely in the baseline (defense), the use of corner side walls and the domain of lobs showed to be relevant. The high rate of backhand groundstrokes, involving over 4 of 10 actions, is also remarkable. This information may have relevant implications for coaches working in padel by providing a novel hierarchically organization of game dynamics, which helps in designing training and conditioning programs close to real competitive situations.
The properties and behavior of colloids confined to move on curved surfaces offer a fertile ground for analysis since the geometric constraints induce specific features that are not available in flat ...spaces. Given their pertinence for biological and physicochemical processes, both with potential useful applications, the development of the concepts and methodology necessary for a deeper understanding of these unconventional systems is indeed an essential pursuit. The present study discusses a general and rigorous algorithm for the implementation of Brownian dynamics simulations that solves underlying difficulties and shortcomings inherent to conventional first-order schemes. Still based on the Ermak-McCammon recipe, our approach complements it with the higher-order geodesical projections of the elementary jumps generated on the associated tangent plane. This strategy, which warrants the locally isotropic propagation of non-interacting particles, is tested with a model system of colloidal particles interacting through a screened Coulomb potential while confined to move on ellipsoidal surfaces. This allows us to measure the effects prompted by the curvature gradient on the static and dynamic properties of this system. The varying curvature thus induces energetically favorable configurations in which the particles maximize their Euclidean distancing by crowding the regions with the largest Gaussian curvature, while withdrawing from those with the lowest. In turn, these inhomogeneous distributions provoke the anisotropic self-diffusion of the confined colloids, which is examined by exploiting the pertinent geodesic radial coordinates. The proficient methods under consideration thus allows dealing with the rich and remarkable new phenomena generated by any distinctive surface geometry.
The Brownian motion of interacting particles confined to surfaces with curvature gradients display an abundance of interesting and potentially useful properties.
•We introduce an RVRP where the last-mile delivery of some demands can be outsourced.•We propose construction and improvement heuristics handling outsourcing decisions.•The routes include the driving ...and rest periods according to European regulations.•We solve 60 artificial instances using our algorithms in classic metaheuristics.•The impact of the construction procedure and the outsourcing decisions are evaluated.
This paper addresses a Rich Vehicle Routing Problem (RVRP) characterized by the following attributes: long-haul transport, driver hours regulation, incompatibility among goods, multiple depots and pickup locations, heterogeneous vehicles, time windows, and outsourcing decisions for last-mile delivery. Addressing the latter aspect is especially challenging, since it requires substantial changes in the algorithms for generating initial feasible solutions (construction heuristic) and for modifying existing solutions (improvement heuristics). Our work develops new heuristics adapted to the above attributes, and evaluates their performance in combination with common solving metaheuristics. We also assess the impact and the cost-effectiveness of the outsourcing attribute.
The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of service tactic formation on players’ movements and point outcome at two different performance levels. The sample contained 2,148 points ...corresponding to 18 matches from two male padel indoor tournaments. Players were classified according to their game level: high-level (N = 36; age = 33.3 ± 6.9 years) and beginner (N = 36; age = 35.4 ± 6.8 years). Variables pertaining to service tactic formation (conventional or Australian), point outcome and movement patterns were analysed from the matches through systematic observation. The results showed how high-level players used a significantly higher percentage of the Australian formation than beginners. Also, high-level players won a significantly higher percentage of points than recreational players when using both service tactics. According to movement variables, servers were significantly closer to the net and the side wall using a conventional formation when the returner hit the ball. Furthermore, servers had to move quicker when they used the Australian formation. Finally, the comparison of movement patterns of servers according to game level, showed how high-level players ran faster to the offensive position, covered a greater distance and spent less time between serve and return impacts than beginners.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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