The scholar denied Morris, Aldon
2015., 20150827, 2015, 2015-08-27
eBook
In this groundbreaking book, Aldon D. Morris's ambition is truly monumental: to help rewrite the history of sociology and to acknowledge the primacy of W. E. B. Du Bois's work in the founding of the ...discipline. Calling into question the prevailing narrative of how sociology developed, Morris, a major scholar of social movements, probes the way in which the history of the discipline has traditionally given credit to Robert E. Park at the University of Chicago, who worked with the conservative black leader Booker T. Washington to render Du Bois invisible. Morris uncovers the seminal theoretical work of Du Bois in developing a "scientific" sociology through a variety of methodologies and examines how the leading scholars of the day disparaged and ignored Du Bois's work.The Scholar Deniedis based on extensive, rigorous primary source research; the book is the result of a decade of research, writing, and revision. In exposing the economic and political factors that marginalized the contributions of Du Bois and enabled Park and his colleagues to be recognized as the "fathers" of the discipline, Morris delivers a wholly new narrative of American intellectual and social history that places one of America's key intellectuals, W. E. B. Du Bois, at its center.The Scholar Deniedis a must-read for anyone interested in American history, racial inequality, and the academy. In challenging our understanding of the past, the book promises to engender debate and discussion.
In the late 1990s an upstart and insurgent push arose in the discipline of sociology to expand the literature on the contributions of William Edward Burghardt (W. E. B.) Du Bois beyond cursory ...acknowledgments of his 1899 book Philadelphia Negro and his theories including “double consciousness” and the talented tenth. This new season of scholarship on Du Bois extends beyond these topical areas to provide exhaustive analyses of the momentous role he played in establishing scientific sociology in the United States. Significantly, Du Bois was a primary architect in the development of many empirical methodologies and theories, some of which would...
The State of Sociology Morris, Aldon D.
Social problems (Berkeley, Calif.),
05/2017, Letnik:
64, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A town hall meeting that discussed the state of the American Sociological Association (ASA) and sociology more generally was held during the 2016 ASA meetings in Seattle, Washington. In my remarks, I ...discussed a number of troubling issues confronting the Association and sociology. I argued that sociology is likely to decrease its relevancy in the coming years because of five interrelated biases: restricted leadership, elitism, internal arrogance, restricted view of human agency, and value neutrality. Below I expand upon these remarks in the hope that a more inclusive ASA can be constructed along with a renewed and more powerful sociological imagination.
Sociologists study social inequality in all aspects of life, both locally and across the globe. Yet, they seldom examine their own house. The time has come for sociologists to take a hard look in the ...mirror, to be reflexive about how social inequality operates within our departments, within our professional organizations, and within our discipline. Race, gender, class, and sexual orientation, for example, matter in society as well as in our discipline. It could not be otherwise, as we, sociologists, carry the imprint of the social. Consciously and unconsciously, through our actions and inactions, we reproduce social inequalities in sociology despite our collective support for diversity and inclusion. This special section follows the town hall plenary at the 2016 American Sociological Association meetings in Seattle, Washington, calling for extended discussion and debate regarding the multiple ways in which social cleavages are reproduced in sociology. The contributors offer their thoughts on the most important issues currently facing sociology and what needs to happen moving forward.
Los sociólogos estudian la desigualdad social en todos los aspectos de vida, tanto localmente como a nivel mundial. A pesar de todo, raramente examinan su casa propia. Ha llegado el momento para sociólogos de mirarse en el espejo, ser reflexivo sobre la desigualdad dentro de nuestros departamentos, dentro de nuestras organizaciones profesionales, y dentro de nuestra disciplina. Raza, género, clase y orientación sexual, por ejemplo, son un problema en la sociedad así como en nuestra disciplina. No podría ser de otra manera ya que nosotros, sociólogos, llevamos la huella social. Consciente e inconscientemente, a través de nuestras acciones e inacciones, reproducimos desigualdades sociales en sociología a pesar de nuestro respaldo colectivo a la diversidad y a la inclusión. Este caso específico sigue el plenario de reuniones en la 2016 Asociación Americana de Sociológica en Seattle, WA, que pide o convoca a debatir y discutir sobre las múltiples formas en que se reproducen las divisiones sociales en sociología. Los colaboradores (ponentes) ofrecen sus reflexiones sobre los asuntos más importantes que está afrontando actualmente la sociología y lo que debe suceder en el futuro.
Calcium signalling mediated by Calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins is critical to plant immunity. CaM and CML regulate a wide range of target proteins and cellular responses. While ...many CaM-binding proteins have been identified, few have been characterized for their specific role in plant immunity. Here, we report new data on the biological function of a CML-interacting partner, PRR2 (PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 2), a plant specific transcription factor. Until now, the physiological relevance of PRR2 remained largely unknown. Using a reverse genetic strategy in A. thaliana, we identified PRR2 as a positive regulator of plant immunity. We propose that PRR2 contributes to salicylic acid (SA)-dependent responses when challenged with the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. PRR2 is transcriptionally upregulated by SA and P. syringae, enhances SA biosynthesis and SA signalling responses; e.g. in response to P. syringae, PRR2 induces the production of SA and the accumulation of the defence-related protein PR1. Moreover, PRR2 overexpressing lines exhibit an enhanced production of camalexin, a phytoalexin that confers enhanced resistance against pathogens. Together, these data reveal the importance of PRR2 in plant immune responses against P. syringae and suggest a novel function for this particular plant specific transcription factor in plant physiology.
•PRR2 interacts with TCPs from class I and II.•TCP19 and 20 control PPR2 protein stability.•These TCP mobilize the complex in particular nuclear subdomains.
Plants possess a large set of ...transcription factors both involved in the control of plant development or in plant stress responses coordination. We previously identified PRR2, a Pseudo-Response Regulator, as a plant-specific CML-interacting partner. We reported that PRR2 acts as a positive actor of plant defense by regulating the production of antimicrobial compounds. Here, we report new data on the interaction between PRR2 and transcription factors belonging to the Teosinte branched Cycloidea and PCF (TCP) family. TCPs have been described to be involved in plant development and immunity. We evaluated the ability of PRR2 to interact with seven TCPs representative of the different subclades of the family. PRR2 is able to interact with TCP13, TCP15, TCP19 and TCP20 in yeast two-hybrid system and in planta interactions were validated for TCP19 and TCP20. Transient expression in tobacco highlighted that PRR2 protein is more easily detected when co-expressed with TCP19 or TC20. This stabilization is associated with a specific sub-nuclear localization of the complex in Cajal bodies or in nuclear speckles according to the interaction of PRR2 with TCP19 or TCP20 respectively. The interaction between PRR2 and TCP19 or TCP20 would contribute to the biological function in specific nuclear compartments.
Sociologists study social inequality in all aspects of life, both locally and across the globe. Yet, they seldom examine their own house. The time has come for sociologists to take a hard look in the ...mirror, to be reflexive about how social inequality operates within our departments, within our professional organizations, and within our discipline. Race, gender, class, and sexual orientation, for example, matter in society as well as in our discipline. It could not be otherwise, as we, sociologists, carry the imprint of the social. Consciously and unconsciously, through our actions and inactions, we reproduce social inequalities in sociology despite our collective support for diversity and inclusion. This special section follows the town hall plenary at the 2016 American Sociological Association meetings in Seattle, Washington, calling for extended discussion and debate regarding the multiple ways in which social cleavages are reproduced in sociology. The contributors offer their thoughts on the most important issues currently facing sociology and what needs to happen moving forward.
We report here the first evidence of a transient elevation of free cytosolic Ca2+ following fusion of sperm and egg cell in a flowering plant by the use of an in vitro fertilization system recently ...developed in maize. Imaging changes in cytosolic Ca2+ at fertilization was undertaken by egg cell loading with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator dye fluo-3 under controlled physiological conditions. The gamete adhesion step did not induce any cytosolic Ca2+ variation in the egg cell, whereas the fusion step triggered a transient cytosolic Ca2+ rise in the fertilized egg cell, lasting several minutes. This rise occurred after the establishment of gamete cytoplasm continuity. Through these observations, we open the way to the identification of the early signals induced by fertilization in flowering plants that give rise to the calcium transient and to investigations of the role of Ca2+ during egg activation and early zygote development in plants, as has been reported for other better characterized animal and algae systems.
Plants overcome water deficit conditions by combining molecular, biochemical and morphological changes. At the molecular level, many stress-responsive genes have been isolated, but knowledge of their ...physiological functions remains fragmentary. Here, we report data for RD20, a stress-inducible Arabidopsis gene that belongs to the caleosin family. As for other caleosins, we showed that RD20 localized to oil bodies. Although caleosins are thought to play a role in the degradation of lipids during seed germination, induction of RD20 by dehydration, salt stress and ABA suggests that RD20 might be involved in processes other than germination. Using plants carrying the promoter RD20::uidA construct, we show that RD20 is expressed in leaves, guard cells and flowers, but not in root or in mature seeds. Water deficit triggers a transient increase in RD20 expression in leaves that appeared predominantly dependent on ABA signaling. To assess the biological significance of these data, a functional analysis using rd20 knock-out and overexpressing complemented lines cultivated either in standard or in water deficit conditions was performed. The rd20 knock-out plants present a higher transpiration rate that correlates with enhanced stomatal opening and a reduced tolerance to drought as compared with the wild type. These results support a role for RD20 in drought tolerance through stomatal control under water deficit conditions.
This review provides an analysis of the political and intellectual contributions made by the modern civil rights movement. It argues that the civil rights movement was able to overthrow the Southern ...Jim Crow regime because of its successful use of mass nonviolent direct action. Because of its effectiveness and visibility, it served as a model that has been utilized by other movements both domestically and internationally. Prior to the civil rights movement social movement scholars formulated collective behavior and related theories to explain social movement phenomena. These theories argued that movements were spontaneous, non-rational, and unstructured. Resource mobilization and political process theories reconceptualized movements stressing their organized, rational, institutional and political features. The civil rights movement played a key role in generating this paradigmatic shift because of its rich empirical base that led scholars to rethink social movement phenomena.
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