Searching for a job has been an everyday affair in both modern and past societies, and employment a concern for both individuals and institutions. The case studies in this volume investigate job ...search and placement practices in European countries, Australia, and India in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The contributors explore how looking for work becomes a means by which participants (individuals, placement agents, trade unions, municipalities, administrations, state authorities, and schools) articulated specific interests, perspectives, and agendas. Taking an exploratory approach, the chapters illustrate different approaches to the history of employment and job searching, ranging from organizational and regulatory histories to the analysis of practices and autobiographical accounts. In the process, they uncover the interrelations of search practices and attempts to arrange placement services.
editorial: die erzeugung des berufs Alexander Mejstrik; Sigrid Wadauer; Thomas Buchner
Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften : ÖZG,
04/2013, Letnik:
24, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Since the late nineteenth century, job seeking has become increasingly linked to organizations and facilities that offer information on vacancies, offer placement services, or undertake recruiting. ...The present article focuses on how job placement became a concern for the emerging European welfare states, and how state-run systems of labour intermediation were established between 1880 and 1940. Even more important was the state's regulation of existing job placement practices, which resulted in a slow process of specialization, codification, and homogenization – in short, a slow process of normalization of practices at national levels. State labour exchanges thereby became the dominant reference point for seeking and finding work.
Kunstmarkt: Feld als Raum Alexander Mejstrik
Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften : ÖZG,
08/2006, Letnik:
17, Številka:
2&3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In scholarly publications on visual arts, the terms art-world, artistic field or art system are often used parallelly, to some extent even synonymously. Despite the theoretical discrepancies of the ...terms, this becomes possible due to the implicit assumption that worlds, fields and systems are nothing but areas where art is taking place. Fields, however, can be grasped more adequately as spaces, or more precisely: as vector spaces. The paper develops this idea by dint of a specific research construction: the field of Austrian galleries of contemporary visual arts 1991–1993. By integrating its two most important dimensions (i.e. artistic field and market-field) this field of galleries is apporached as an art market-field. In doing so, the practices of galleries can be explained as stakes in the art market. The paper discusses the peculiarities of Austrian art galleries in the early 1990s as well as invariant aspects of markets of contemporary art. Particular attention is given to the explanation of the methodic-technical approach (among others by means of multiple correspondence analysis) and the theoretical-conceptual conclusions that can be drawn.
Welchen Raum braucht Geschichte? Alexander Mejstrik
Österreichische Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaften : ÖZG,
04/2006, Letnik:
17, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Spatial images and concepts as well as images and concepts of spatiality – in short: conceptions of space – are of double importance for the humanities. They are frequently used, and they have a ...strong impact on the content of the objects of research. There is, however, a lot of vagueness and even »confusion«, as Reinhart Koselleck put it, in these uses of conceptions of space. These ambiguities were and are often considered a problem. So far, attempts to solve this problem have been varying and combining encyclopedic, typological, and purely theoretical approaches. To avoid the flaws of these common solutions, the author suggests a conceptual tool which enables the researchers themselves to discuss conceptions of space in a scholarly/ scientifically reasonable way, i.e. in the course of their own research, and with regard to the conceptions’ potentials to rectify the very objects of research. Following a concept of Gaston Bachelard (The Philosophy of No), this tool can be sketched as an epistemological profile of conceptions of space.
Unter dem Schlagwort des spatial turn erlebt 'Raum' gegenwärtig eine ungeahnte Renaissance in der Geschichtswissenschaft. Was dort schnell zur Mode geworden ist, beschäftigt andere Disziplinen indes ...schon seit langem. Der interdisziplinär angelegte Band bereitet daher Theorie- und Wissensangebote aus verschiedenen Nachbardisziplinen für historiographische Zwecke auf und lotet zugleich anhand von Fallstudien das Verhältnis von Raum und Kommunikation im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert aus. Dabei steht nichts weniger als die Eignung von Raum als Zentralkategorie für eine neu zu konzipierende Kommunikationsgeschichte zur Disposition.
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