Abstract
Racial disparities in prostate cancer have not been well characterized on a genomic level. Here we show the results of a multi-institutional retrospective analysis of 1,152 patients (596 ...African-American men (AAM) and 556 European-American men (EAM)) who underwent radical prostatectomy. Comparative analyses between the race groups were conducted at the clinical, genomic, pathway, molecular subtype, and prognostic levels. The EAM group had increased
ERG
(
P
< 0.001) and
ETS
(
P
= 0.02) expression, decreased SPINK1 expression (
P
< 0.001), and basal-like (
P
< 0.001) molecular subtypes. After adjusting for confounders, the AAM group was associated with higher expression of
CRYBB2, GSTM3
, and inflammation genes (
IL33, IFNG, CCL4, CD3, ICOSLG
), and lower expression of mismatch repair genes (
MSH2
,
MSH6
) (p < 0.001 for all). At the pathway level, the AAM group had higher expression of genes sets related to the immune response, apoptosis, hypoxia, and reactive oxygen species. EAM group was associated with higher levels of fatty acid metabolism, DNA repair, and WNT/beta-catenin signaling. Based on cell lines data, AAM were predicted to have higher potential response to DNA damage. In conclusion, biological characteristics of prostate tumor were substantially different in AAM when compared to EAM.
To examine the impact of obesity on perioperative outcomes and urethral stricture recurrence after anterior urethroplasty.
We reviewed our prospectively maintained single-surgeon database to identify ...men with anterior urethral strictures who had undergone anastomotic or augmentation urethroplasty between October 2012 and March 2018. In all, 210 patients were included for primary analysis of perioperative outcomes, while 193 patients with at least 12 months follow-up were included for secondary analysis of stricture recurrence. Patients grouped by BMI were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses for perioperative outcomes and log rank testing for recurrence-free survival.
Overall, 41% (n=86) of patients were obese and 58.6% (n=123) had bulbar urethral strictures. Obese patients had significantly longer urethral strictures (mean=6.7cm±4.7) than nonobese patients (p< 0.001). Though urethroplasty in obese patients was associated with increased estimated blood loss (EBL) relative to normal BMI patients on both univariate (p=0.003) and multivariate (p< 0.001) analyses, there was no difference in operative time, length of stay, or complication rate between BMI groups. At a mean follow-up interval of 36.7 months, 15% (n=29) of patients had stricture recurrence, yet recurrence-free survival was not significantly different between groups (log rank p=0.299). Dorsal augmentation urethroplasty resulted in significantly fewer recurrences in obese patients compared to nonobese patients (p=0.036).
Despite the association with increased urethral stricture length and EBL, obesity is not predictive of adverse perioperative outcomes or stricture recurrence. Obese patients should be offered urethral reconstruction, but patient selection and preoperative counseling remain imperative.
Acquired hydronephrosis following cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion for bladder cancer is most commonly caused by stricture of the ureter or the ureteroenteric anastomosis. Nevertheless, ...malignant obstruction due to ureteral tumor recurrence must be ruled out. Neuroendocrine tumors of the ureter are extremely rare and an unlikely cause of hydronephrosis in this setting. We present the first reported case of a patient with a history of bladder cancer and an ileal conduit presenting with hydronephrosis secondary to an obstructing carcinoid tumor of the ureter.
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