Dietary supplements (DSs) are used by a large number of people globally. It is widely believed that DSs can improve health, prevent diseases, and replenish vitamin and micronutrient deficiencies. We ...aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with DS use among the Saudi population and the association between DS consumption and depressive symptoms. Research methodology: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022. The questionnaire was distributed through an online mode among adult Saudis (18 years or older) living in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The survey included four parts: socio-demographic characteristics, participants' health, lifestyle, and activity, vitamin and mineral supplement use, and a patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) as a valid and reliable diagnostic tool for depression. Result: Of the 1309 respondents, 1173 were enrolled. The mean age of the participants was 26.3 ± 8.8 (range, 18-24) years, and approximately 14.7% exhibited psychological anxiety while 8.4% experienced psychological depression. The prevalence of DS use among Saudis was found to be relatively high (52.2%). The most commonly used DS was vitamin D (43%). DSs improved depressive symptoms in 49.4% of the participants. Conclusion: The prevalence of DS use is high among the Saudi population, and vitamin D is the most common DS. The use of multivitamins and minerals, especially iron, is associated with improved depressive symptoms; however, further studies are needed to understand the relationship between DS use and depressive symptoms.
Poststroke depression (PSD) occurs in a significant number of patients and constitutes an important complication of stroke, leading to greater disability as well as increased mortality. Determining ...the prevalence of PSD in the Saudi population will provide more focused practice in assessing stroke patients for depression, which will improve patients' quality of life and reduce the time needed for recovery. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and the risk factors of PSD. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among post stroke patients in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Assessing the post stroke patients at King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between March 2021 and March 2022 by using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26. Results: In this study, 119 stroke patients (56.3% female) participated. 70.5% of all stroke cases were ischemic stroke. The prevalence of depression in patients diagnosed with stroke was 76.5%. Regarding depression severity, 38.7%, and 20.2% of the patients had moderate and severe depression, respectively. Although this is the case, only 28.6% of patients who had a stroke used antidepressants. We also observed that the prevalence of depression was significantly more common among gender females (P = 0.003), unemployed (P = 0.016), patients with less monthly income (P = 0.013), and patients with a family history of psychiatric disorder (P = 0.011). Conclusion: In this study, two-thirds of the stroke survivors experience PSD. It is mostly correlated with sociodemographic factors such as female gender, mental illness in the family history, unemployment, and low income. Likewise, PSD may also be predicted by a family history of mental illness.
The alarming rise in the number of people with special health care needs (SHCNs) necessitates a paradigm shift in how to approach their oral health needs. General anesthesia (GA) is a valuable ...technique for facilitating dental procedures in patients with SHCNs who may not be able to tolerate treatment without it. The aim was to assess nonsurgical endodontic treatment and outcomes in patients with SHCNs performed under GA.
Seventy-eight permanent teeth in 33 patients who received nonsurgical endodontic treatment under GA were included between 2018 and 2022 in SHCNs hospital clinics. The demographic data, types of SHCNs, pulpal and periapical diagnosis, type of treatment, and material used were analyzed. All patients were recalled for clinical and radiographic examinations. Pre-treatment and recall periapical radiographs were evaluated and scored using the Periapical Index (PAI).
Autism and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were 39.4% of patients treated. Most treatments delivered were primary nonsurgical root canal treatment (95%). Warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha for obturation accounted for 88% of cases treated. Single cone obturation technique was used in 9 cases (12%) utilizing tricalcium silicate sealer. At the recall visits, 98.7% of teeth treated had survived. Twelve teeth have pre-treatment periapical lesions, and all healed except one. Female patients were found to have higher scores of PAI compared to male patients (23.7% vs 7.5%), yet insignificant. Only 10 patients with nonsurgical root canal treatment reported recurrent caries.
This study demonstrates a high survival rate for nonsurgical endodontic treatment performed under GA in a cohort of patients with SHCNs. Interestingly, patients with social and communication disorders received the highest proportion of treatments under GA. These findings highlight the potential of GA-facilitated endodontics for this population. However, further research is warranted to explore additional methods for optimizing oral health outcomes in SHCNs.
Postmastectomy pain syndrome is a very common disorder in breast cancer survivors. The impact on the quality of patients' lives is significantly adverse. The precise pathophysiology has not been ...determined as yet though various risk factors have been identified that make the patient vulnerable. Required preoperative work includes the identification and possible elimination of risk factors. Treatment is multidisciplinary involving surgical and non-surgical modalities. There is a great scope of research in this field.
To determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in adult multiple sclerosis patients attending tertiary facilities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
This is a cross-sectional study conducted among MS ...patients in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among MS patients at Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between April 2020 and January 2021. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic characteristics and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Univariate using Chi-square test and multivariate regression analysis had been performed to determine the factors associated with anxiety and depression among MS patients.
A total of 328 MS patients took part in the study. The most prevalent age group was 36-45 years old (38.4%), with over 70% of the participants being females. Anxiety and depression were shown to be prevalent in MS patients at 42.9 percent and 58.8 percent, respectively. According to statistical tests, being less educated and having partial to severe disability was linked to an increased rate of anxiety and depression, whereas being female was more prone to anxiety symptoms but not depression.
Depression was more frequent than anxiety. As a result, while assessing psychiatric diseases in the study group, depression/anxiety may be expected to be more frequent amongst those of greater disability.
Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease characterised by intermittent nervous system derangement due to sudden excessive cerebral neuron discharge that results in almost instantaneous ...sensation disruption and loss of consciousness. There is a clear lack of epilepsy information among the general population. This study was carried out with an aim to examine the knowledge, attitude and practice of schoolteachers towards epilepsy. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was administered to 433 schoolteachers working in the Al-Qassim region of Saudi Arabia from October to December 2020. A 20-item pretested validated questionnaire was distributed as a Google survey link, and the data collected were analysed using SPSS version 22. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the categorical variables. Results: Around two-thirds of the teachers (35.2%) gained their information about epilepsy from public resources such as newspapers, television and the internet, and around half of them (53.1%) gained their information about epilepsy from multiple resources, namely from doctors, public resources and parents of students with epilepsy. Almost all teachers (99.3%) acknowledge that epilepsy is not a contagious disease, and more than half of the participants (58.4%) believed that there are multiple causes of epilepsy, including genetics, head trauma, infection, brain tumour and insanity. Conclusion: The study showed that teachers' knowledge of epilepsy was promising, but still, there are gaps in knowledge and attitude towards first aid management. There is a need to address this issue with the training of schoolteachers with the cooperation of local health professionals.
Menstrual irregularities during isotretinoin therapy, including amenorrhea, can cause a great deal of health-status uncertainty such as the possibility of pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the ...effects of isotretinoin treatment on the menstrual cycle. This cross-sectional study was conducted among females aged between 15–45 years taking isotretinoin for acne. Descriptive statistics were used in the form of frequencies and percentages to represent categorical variables. Pearson’s chi-squared test was performed to assess the relationship between some of the variables with menstrual irregularities. A logistic regression model was performed to assess the risk factors for developing menstrual irregularities during isotretinoin therapy. Of participants with a known regular menstrual cycle, 10.4% were found to have irregularity in their cycle after starting the drug (p < 0.001). Amenorrhea was the most commonly reported menstrual irregularity in isotretinoin-treated females. Our results showed that single females, those who took isotretinoin for 10–12 months and who were concurrently taking hormonal contraceptives all have a statistically significant higher risk of developing menstrual irregularities than others. In conclusion, we found that a statistically significant number of participants with a regular menstrual cycle pre-isotretinoin intake developed irregularity in their cycle after starting the drug. The mechanism of how isotretinoin influences female hormonal imbalances, thereby affecting menstrual irregularities is still poorly understood and needs to be clarified in further clinical studies.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
It is speculated that undiagnosed emotional and behavioral disorders are a contributing factor to the increasing number of incarcerated girls globally. Untreated, these disorders often lead to more ...severe maladaptive behaviors and contact with law enforcement. This article provides information available in Brazil, Costa Rica, Saudi Arabia, and the United States about incarcerated girls. Existing education laws are examined for purposes of establishing what special education provisions exist in each country that may be used to identify girls whose maladaptive behavior might benefit from early school-based interventions for their misconduct.
To characterize the phenotypic, neurophysiological, radiological, pathological, and genetic profile of 33 Saudi Arabian families with dysferlinopathy.
A descriptive observational study was done on a ...cohort of 112 Saudi Arabian families with LGMD. Screening for the Dysferlin (DYSF) gene was done in a tertiary care referral hospital in Saudi Arabia. Clinical, Neurophysiological, Radiological, Pathological, and Genetic findings in subjects with dysferlin mutation were the primary outcome variables. Statistical analysis was done by Epi-info.
33 out of 112 families (29.46%) registered in the LGMD cohort had Dysferlinopathy. 53 subjects (28 males, 52.83%) from 33 families were followed up for various periods ranging from 1 to 28 years. The mean age of onset was 17.79 ± 3.48 years (Range 10 to 25 years). Miyoshi Myopathy phenotype was observed in 50.94% (27 out of 53), LGMDR2 phenotype in 30.19% (16 out of 53), and proximodistal phenotype in 15.09% (8 out of 53) of the subjects. Loss of ambulation was observed in 39.62% (21 out of 53 subjects). Electrophysiological, Radiological, and histopathological changes were compatible with the diagnosis. Mean serum Creatinine Kinase was 6,464.45 ± 4,149.24 with a range from 302 to 21,483 IU/L. In addition, 13 dysferlin mutations were identified two of them were compound heterozygous. One founder mutation was observed c.164_165insA in 19 unrelated families.
The prevalence of Dysferlinopathy was 29.46% in the native Saudi LGMD cohort. It is the most prevalent subtype seconded by calpainopathy. The clinical course varied among the study subjects and was consistent with those reported from different ethnic groups. One founder mutation was identified. Initial screening of the founder mutations in new families is highly recommended.
The aim of this study was to compare the different imaging procedures (micturating cystourethrogram MCUG, nuclear medicine NM, and ultrasound US) in the evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). ...Methods and Results: A retrospective study was conducted to compare different radiological investigations in the characterization and grading of VUR. In total, 93 patients (53 boys and 40 girls) with a mean age of 2.2 years were referred to the radiology department for exclusion or diagnosis of VUR. Age, sex, the pathway of obstruction, presence of VUR, degree of obstruction with VUR, presence of hydronephrosis, calcification, and grading according to MCUG were the main variables collected for US, NM, and MCUG. Our results show that according to the frequency distribution, MCUG showed a higher sensitivity for detecting VUR and the degree of obstruction than the other imaging tools. US showed a higher sensitivity for the presence of hydronephrosis. The grading of VUR was more effectively detected by MCUG than by US and NM grading. We revealed a statistical association between VUR grades and the gender of a study's population, with a higher frequency of grade 5 in boys than in girls (P=0.037). Grades 3-5 showed higher frequencies in MCUG, in which the younger patients (0–50 weeks old) were more affected by obstruction and VUR than the other age groups. Moderate hydronephrosis was higher in boys than in girls (P=0.006). Conclusion: The grading of VUR is more effectively detected by MCUG than by US and NM grading.
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