A novel series of heteropoly ionic liquids HMIm
3
PW
12
O
40
, HMIm
3
PMo
12
O
40
, and HMIm
4
SiW
12
O
40
were synthesized and supported on magnetic γ-Fe
2
O
3
NPs to get magnetic heterogeneous ...catalysts, Fe
2
O
3
-HMIm
3
PW
12
O
40
, Fe
2
O
3
-HMIm
3
PMo
12
O
40
, and Fe
2
O
3
-HMIm
4
SiW
12
O
40
. The materials were characterized using various techniques such as FTIR, EDX, XRD, TEM, SEM, elemental mapping, EPR, TGA, and VSM analyses. Among the three heteropoly ionic liquids, HMIm
3
PW
12
O
40
had very strong acidic sites, as confirmed by potentiometric titration. Fe
2
O
3
-HMIm
3
PW
12
O
40
had also very strong acidic property as analyzed by potentiometric titration. Further, thermal stability of Fe
2
O
3
-HMIm
3
PW
12
O
40
was assessed using TGA analysis, and the catalyst was found stable up to 500 °C. The catalytic prospect of the materials was examined through selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde using H
2
O
2
as a green oxidant. The reaction was monitored using GC–MS analysis. Among the three magnetic materials, Fe
2
O
3
-HMIm
3
PW
12
O
40
had the highest catalytic activity in terms of conversion of benzyl alcohol (98%) and benzaldehyde selectivity (100%). A recyclability study of Fe
2
O
3
-HMIm
3
PW
12
O
40
was done and found that the material was recyclable up to 7 cycles without any significant loss in its catalytic performance.
Graphical abstract
In this work, we have reported the synthesis of a series of heterogeneous catalysts, viz., HMIm3PW12O40@MOF-Fe, HMIm3PMo12O40@MOF-Fe, and HMIm4SiW12O40@MOF-Fe, by a simple impregnation method. The ...catalysts were characterized by several techniques, such as FTIR, EDX, XRD, SEM, elemental mapping, and TGA. Among these materials, HMIm3PW12O40@MOF-Fe had more acidic sites (confirmed by potentiometric titration) and high stability around 598 °C (confirmed by TGA). The catalytic prospect of the materials was examined through selective acetalization of glycerol to solketal as a fuel additive under solvent-free and room-temperature conditions. HMIm3PW12O40@MOF-Fe exhibited the highest catalytic activity among the three catalysts in terms of glycerol conversion (100%), solketal selectivity (100%), and solketal yield (100%). A recyclability study of HMIm3PW12O40@MOF-Fe showed that the material could be reused for up to 7 cycles with insignificant loss in its catalytic performance.
A novel, unique, highly effective, and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst, diethyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid supported metal–organic framework (DEImPF6@MOF-5), has been synthesized ...using a simple impregnation method at ambient temperature. Characterization of the catalyst was done through various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental mapping, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analyses. The kinetic study has shown the high catalytic performance of DEImPF6@MOF-5 for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (NP) compared to other catalysts. The catalyst also exhibited efficient electrochemical activity toward 4-NP reduction. The catalyst was recyclable for more than seven cycles without any significant loss in its catalytic performance. The recycled catalyst was further studied using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TGA analyses to investigate the structural changes that occurred during the reaction. The catalyst maintained its structural integrity even after seven cycles.
Polyethylene glycol-6000 supported copper-molybdenum nanoparticles (CuO–MoO3@PEG) has been synthesized as a highly efficient, novel and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst by simple impregnation ...method. The catalyst was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, elemental mapping, TEM, TGA, EPR, ICP-AES, UV–visible DRS and XPS analyses. The catalyst was successfully applied for the enamination of pyrimidine dione and dimedone (1,3- dicarbonyl compounds). The catalyst was found to be efficient up to five cycles with minor loss in catalytic activity. The recovered catalyst (5th run) retained its structure integrity which was confirmed by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, and ICP-AES analyses. The products (β-enaminones) were obtained in excellent yield (92%) and short reaction time period (30–35 min).
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•Polyethylene glycol-6000 supported copper-molybdenum nanoparticles (CuO-Mo2O3@PEG-6000) have been synthesized.•CuO-MoO3@PEG has been characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, TGA, EPR, ICP-AES and UV-VIS DRS analyses.•CuO-Mo2O3@PEG was used for the synthesising new β-enaminones in high yield and shorter reaction time period.•CuO–MoO3@PEG was recyclable up to five cycles without noticeable loss in catalytic activity.
Background: Stroke is a common neurological disorder with a high prevalence. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factor, prevalence, and association of types of strokes among diabetes and ...hypertension patients.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in King Abdul Aziz, Qurayyat, Sakaka, and Tubarjal hospitals among stroke patients including both sexes within the age > 40 years. Type of stroke was identified by brain computed tomography scans or magnetic resonance imaging and risk factors for stroke and other details were noted on a checklist.
Results: Out of 226 stroke patients considered for the present study, in which 48% were males and 52% were females. All lived in the Aljouf region. Most of the patients had risk factors which included Hypertension 49 (21.68%), Diabetes Mellitus 44 (19.46%), Combined (Hypertension and diabetes) 111 (49.11%), and Hyperlipidemia 22 (9.75%). Stroke patients > 60 years of age group showed a higher prevalence of ischemic stroke (p=0.001). The combined risk factor group also showed more prevalence of ischemic stroke (49.11%).
Conclusion: Patient having both risk factor Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were major association with ischemic stroke. Majority of the patients with ischemic stroke age at onset > 60 year and irrespectively affected both males and females were equally.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 01 January’24 Page : 171-178
The pyrazole moiety is found as an integral structural unit in a variety of pharmacologically and agrochemically significant chemicals. The anti‐inflammatory (celecoxib), anti‐obesity (rimonabant), ...analgesic (difenamizole), antipsychotic (CDPPB), H2‐receptor agonist (betazole), and antidepressant (fezolamide) activities of pyrazole‐based drugs have demonstrated their pharmacological importance. Various synthetic methodologies have been devised as a result of the above‐mentioned advantages of pyrazole‐based compounds, including solvent‐free approach, catalyst‐free method, homogeneous catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, microwave irradiation technique, ultrasonication, etc. In the area of heterogeneous catalysis, silica functionalized catalysts have garnered a lot of interest among diverse heterogeneous catalysts. The significant advancements in silica functionalized heterogeneous catalysts for the production of pyrazole‐based compounds are highlighted in this review.
Various functionalized catalysts immobilized on silica have been used to synthesize a variety of pyrazole derivatives under different reaction conditions. The synthetic procedures of organic compounds and types of catalysts; acidic, basic, and metallic, have been discussed in detail. The yields of pyrazoles have been excellent using silica‐based catalysts. The advantages of different reactions include high product yield, short reaction time, recyclability of catalysts, solvent‐free reaction conditions, and ambient temperature.
Background: Bradycardia is a common finding on physical examination in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. It can be linked to physiological changes as well as the pathological progression of an ...underlying disease. The symptoms of bradycardia include lightheadedness, syncope, exercise intolerance, or, in some cases, cardiac arrest. A proper history and physical exam focused on the severity assessment of bradycardia and the underlying condition is essential for the management. Objectives: We aimed to review the literature reviewing bradycardia, along with the possible etiologies, clinical features, diagnosis, and management in both the acute setting and definitively. Methodology: PubMed database was used for article selection, and papers were obtained and reviewed. Conclusion: Bradycardia, while is an innocent presentation in most cases, can progress rapidly into cardiac arrest and death. Proper recognition and risk assessment of which patients might develop the severe sequelae of this presentation is essential in the care process of patients. While this subject has been heavily understudying, the only effective treatment for irreversible bradycardia remains permanent pacing of the heart. Keywords: Bradycardia, Bradyarrhythmia, Sinus node dysfunction, Sinus bradycardia, Atrioventricular conduction delay, Heart block, Sick sinus syndrome, Pacemaker
Abstract
Background
To evaluate the effect of screening for sepsis using an electronic sepsis alert vs. no alert in hospitalized ward patients on 90-day in-hospital mortality.
Methods
The SCREEN ...trial is designed as a stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial. Hospital wards (total of 45 wards, constituting clusters in this design) are randomized to have active alert vs. masked alert, 5 wards at a time, with each 5 wards constituting a sequence. The study consists of ten 2-month periods with a phased introduction of the intervention. In the first period, all wards have a masked alert for 2 months. Afterwards the intervention (alert system) is implemented in a new sequence every 2-month period until the intervention is implemented in all sequences. The intervention includes the implementation of an electronic alert system developed in the hospital electronic medical records based on the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA). The alert system sends notifications of “possible sepsis alert” to the bedside nurse, charge nurse, and primary medical team and requires an acknowledgment in the health information system from the bedside nurse and physician. The calculated sample size is 65,250. The primary endpoint is in-hospital mortality by 90 days.
Discussion
The trial started on October 1, 2019, and is expected to complete patient follow-up by the end of October 2021.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04078594
. Registered on September 6, 2019
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