•Conventional and unusual sources of starch can be modified by ultrasound processing.•Enthalpy value of both ultrasounds treated corn and cassava decreased.•XRD result revealed that increase in ...ultrasound time could slightly change the evaluation pattern.
In this study, the starch molecules were modified with ultrasonication at two different time intervals by using starch molecules from corn and cassava. This research aimed to examine the effect of the high power ultrasound of 40 kHz voltage and frequency with short time duration on structural and physical properties of corn and cassava starch. Morphology of ultrasonically treated starch granules was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and compared with untreated samples. After the ultrasound treatment groove and notch appeared on the surface of the starch granules. The results showed that gelatinization temperature did not change with ultrasound treatments, but enthalpy value decreased from 13.15 ± 0.25 J/g to 11.5 ± 0.29 J/g and 12.65 ± 0.32 J/g to 10.32 ± 0.26 J/g for sonicated corn and cassava starches, respectively. The XRD results revealed a slight decreased in the crystallinity degree (CD) of sonicated corn (25.3,25.1) and cassava starch (21.0,21.4) as compared to native corn (25.6%) and cassava starch (22.2%). This study suggests that non-thermal processing techniques have the potential to modify the starch from different sources and their applications due to starch’s versatility, low cost, and comfort of use after processing with altered physicochemical properties.
Plants experience constant exposed to diverse abiotic stresses throughout their growth and development stages. Given the burgeoning world population, abiotic stresses pose significant challenges to ...food and nutritional security. These stresses are complex and influenced by both genetic networks and environmental factors, often resulting in significant crop losses, which can reach as high as fifty percent. To mitigate the effects of abiotic stresses on crops, various strategies rooted in crop improvement and genomics are being explored. In particular, the utilization of biostimulants, including bio-based compounds derived from plants and beneficial microbes, has garnered considerable attention. Biostimulants offer the potential to reduce reliance on artificial chemical agents while enhancing nutritional efficiency and promoting plant growth under abiotic stress condition. Commonly used biostimulants, which are friendly to ecology and human health, encompass inorganic substances (e.g., zinc oxide and silicon) and natural substances (e.g., seaweed extracts, humic substances, chitosan, exudates, and microbes). Notably, prioritizing environmentally friendly biostimulants is crucial to prevent issues such as soil degradation, air and water pollution. In recent years, several studies have explored the biological role of biostimulants in plant production, focusing particularly on their mechanisms of effectiveness in horticulture. In this context, we conducted a comprehensive review of the existing scientific literature to analyze the current status and future research directions concerning the use of various biostimulants, such as plant-based zinc oxide, silicon, selenium and aminobutyric acid, seaweed extracts, humic acids, and chitosan for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Furthermore, we correlated the molecular modifications induced by these biostimulants with different physiological pathways and assessed their impact on plant performance in response to abiotic stresses, which can provide valuable insights.
Biological control is a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical fungicides for controlling
spp. infestations. In this work,
Sh420 isolated from wheat rhizosphere showed ...a high antifungal activity against
as a secure substitute for fungicides. Sh420 was identified as
using phenotypic evaluation and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. An
antagonistic study showed that Sh420's lipopeptide (LP) extract exhibited strong antifungal properties and effectively combated
. Meanwhile, lipopeptides have the ability to decrease ergosterol content, which has an impact on the overall structure and stability of the plasma membrane. The PCR-based screening revealed the presence of antifungal LP biosynthetic genes in this strain's genomic DNA. In the crude LP extract of Sh420, we were able to discover several LPs such as bacillomycin, iturins, fengycin, and surfactins using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Microscopic investigations (fluorescent/transmission electron microscopy) revealed deformities and alterations in the morphology of the phytopathogen upon interaction with LPs. Sh420 LPs have been shown in grape tests to be effective against
infection and to stimulate antioxidant activity in fruits by avoiding rust and gray lesions. The overall findings of this study highlight the potential of Sh420 lipopeptides as an effective biological control agent against
infestations.IMPORTANCEThis study addresses the potential of lipopeptide (LP) extracts obtained from the strain identified as
Sh420. This Sh420 isolate acts as a crucial player in providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to chemical fungicides for suppressing
phytopathogen. Moreover, these LPs can reduce ergosterol content in the phytopathogen influencing the overall structure and stability of its plasma membrane. PCR screening provided confirmation regarding the existence of genes responsible for biosynthesizing antifungal LPs in the genomic DNA of Sh420. Several antibiotic lipopeptide compounds were identified from this bacterial crude extract using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Microscopic investigations revealed deformities and alterations in the morphology of
upon interaction with LPs. Furthermore, studies on fruit demonstrated the efficacy of Sh420 LPs in mitigating
infection and stimulating antioxidant activity in fruits, preventing rust and gray lesions.
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) ‘Bruno’ is prone to accumulate ethanol rapidly after respiratory climacteric during storage at ambient conditions without stresses, which causes quality deterioration ...of the fruit associated with alcohol off-flavor. For maintaining the postharvest quality of kiwifruit ‘Bruno’, the effects of 1.0 µL • L−1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on regulating the ethanol fermentation and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt pathway associated with control of alcohol off-flavor were investigated during storage at room temperature (24 ± 1) °C for 27 days. The results showed that 1-MCP treatment significantly reduced the respiration rate, ethylene production, decay rate, ascorbic acid (AsA) loss, and delayed the decline in the firmness and titratable acidity (TA), and the increase in total soluble solid (TSS) in kiwifruit. Furthermore, 1-MCP treatment effectively inhibited the increases in contents of acetaldehyde, ethanol, and GABA along with the suppressed activities of key enzymes involved in ethanol fermentation and GABA shunt pathway, such as pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) in kiwifruit during storage. In conclusion, 1-MCP treatment efficiently regulated the ethanol fermentation and GABA shunt pathway by delaying the ripening process to avoid the alcohol off-flavor development, thereby contributed to maintaining the quality of the kiwifruit.
For evaluating the effects of UV-B treatment on lignification and quality of bamboo (Phyllostachys prominens) shoots during postharvest, fresh bamboo shoots without sheaths were irradiated with UV-B ...at a dose of 8.0 kJ m–2 and then stored at (6±1)°C along with 85–90% relative humidity (RH) for 15 d. The results showed that UV-B treatment apparently slowed down the increase rates of flesh firmness, weight loss, and contents of cellulose and lignin. It also decreased the activities of 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL), peroxidase (POD), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and the expression of their encoding genes during cold storage. It was suggested that these effects of UV-B treatment on decreases in these enzymatic activities and the expression of encoding genes might collectively regulate lignin synthesis and accumulation in the flesh of bamboo shoots and consequently benefit in maintaining the edible quality of bamboo shoots during cold storage.
The kiwifruit trees (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Bruno) were sprayed with 5 mmol L–1 oxalic acid (OA) or water (as control) at 130, 137 or 144 d after full-blossom, and then the fruit were harvested at ...commercial maturity and stored at room temperature (20±1)°C for 13 d. The effect of pre-harvest spraying of OA on postharvest quality of kiwifruit was evaluated during storage. The OA spraying slowed the increase in soluble solids content (SSC) and decrease in titratable acid (TA), as well as increased contents of ascorbic acid (AsA) and total-AsA accompanied with higher AsA/DHA ratio in kiwifruit during storage. Moreover, the OA spraying significantly reduced the contents of acetaldehyde and ethanol in kiwifruit, along with significant decrease in activities of enzymes involved in ethanol fermentation metabolism during the later period of storage, which was beneficial to control off-flavor associated with over accumulation of ethanol during postharvest. It was suggested that pre-harvest spraying of OA might maintain the postharvest quality of kiwifruit in relation to delay in fruit ripening, AsA maintenance and regulation of ethanol fermentation.
This study investigated the effects of Aloe vera gel (AVG) based on edible coating solutions on tomatoes to maintain the postharvest quality during storage at 10°C for 30 days. The AVG coating ...solutions were prepared with different percentages of extracted gel ranging from 0 to 80% with addition to calcium chloride (2%), ascorbic acid (4%), carboxymethyl cellulose (3%), glycerol (2%), and oleic acid (3 mL). Results showed that coating solutions containing 60 to 80% AVG had better results than coating solutions containing 0 to 40% gel. Contents of ascorbic acid, sugar, flavonoids, carotenoids, lycopene, and pectin remained higher, and total microbial count remained lesser in fruits treated with a higher concentration of AVG over the storage time. Tomatoes coated with 60% and 80% Aloe vera gel also showed maximum antioxidant efficiency, absence of E. coli, and no signs of fungal (Botrytis cinerea) growth on tomatoes. In conclusion, applying 60-80% AVG edible coatings might be suggested to maintain the postharvest quality of tomato fruit.
Iron deficiency has become a common nutritional problem of developing countries, especially in children. This study approached to tackle the issue of iron deficiency by inexpensive fortified food ...such as chewing gums, which is commonly consumed by children. In this study, iron-fortified chewing gums were prepared by adding ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and sodium iron EDTA (NaFeEDTA) 30 mg/100 g. An efficacy trial was conducted to determine the impact of iron-fortified chewing gums on the blood profile and iron status of school-going children (n = 300). Results showed maximum increase in blood profile and iron status that is, serum ferritin (10.43%), hemoglobin (3.22%), hematocrit (3.42%), red blood cells (3.05%), mean cell volume (1.55%), mean cell hemoglobin (5.43%), total white blood cells count (9.09%), and platelets count (4.40%) as compared with control whereas decrease in mean cell hemoglobin concentration (1.90%) and neutrophils (3.33%) was also observed. The study concluded that FeSO4 and NaFeEDTA (1:1) fortification of chewing gums is an appropriate approach for mitigating iron deficiency among the target population.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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