Knowledge about monkeypox transmission risk in congregate settings is limited. In July 2022, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) confirmed a case of monkeypox in a person detained in Cook ...County Jail (CCJ) in Chicago, Illinois. This case was the first identified in a correctional setting in the United States and reported to CDC during the 2022 multinational monkeypox outbreak. CDPH collaborated with CCJ, the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH), and CDC to evaluate transmission risk within the facility. Fifty-seven residents were classified as having intermediate-risk exposures to the patient with monkeypox during the 7-day interval between the patient's symptom onset and his isolation. (Intermediate-risk exposure was defined as potentially being within 6 ft of the patient with monkeypox for a total of ≥3 hours cumulatively, without wearing a surgical mask or respirator, or potentially having contact between their own intact skin or clothing and the skin lesions or body fluids from the patient or with materials that were in contact with the patient's skin lesions or body fluids.) No secondary cases were identified among a subset of 62% of these potentially exposed residents who received symptom monitoring, serologic testing, or both. Thirteen residents accepted postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), with higher acceptance among those who were offered counseling individually or in small groups than among those who were offered PEP together in a large group. Monkeypox virus (MPXV) DNA, but no viable virus, was detected on one surface in a dormitory where the patient had been housed with other residents before he was isolated. Although monkeypox transmission might be limited in similar congregate settings in the absence of higher-risk exposures, congregate facilities should maintain recommended infection control practices in response to monkeypox cases, including placing the person with monkeypox in medical isolation and promptly and thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting spaces where the person has spent time. In addition, officials should provide information to residents and staff members about monkeypox symptoms and transmission modes, facilitate confidential monkeypox risk and symptom disclosure and prompt medical evaluation for symptoms that are reported, and provide PEP counseling in a private setting.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
New quinoxalinium salts
1-5
have been exploited as chemosensors
via
naked eye, UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence quenching and
1
H NMR experiments. New sensors
1-5
showed a dual mode, nucleophilic ...addition and a host-guest type complex towards anion (F
−
, AcO
−
and ascorbate) detection. Small anions (F
−
/AcO
−
) showed nucleophilic addition at the C2 position of the quinoxalinium cation, while larger anions (ascorbate), revealed the formation of a host-guest type complex due to the steric hindrance posed by the C3 of the phenyl ring. Nucleophilic addition of small anions (F
−
/AcO
−
) leads to the de-aromatization of the quinoxalinium cation. However in the case of the larger anion, ascorbate, the host-guest type complex formation induces changes in the absorption/fluorescence signals of the quinoxalinium moiety. This selective binding has been confirmed on the basis of the
1
H NMR spectroscopic technique, whereupon nucleophilic addition of small anions (F
−
/AcO
−
) was confirmed by monitoring the characteristic proton NMR signals of H
a
and the methylene protons (CH
2
), which were clearly shifted in the cases of fluoride and acetate ion addition confirming the de-aromatization and nucleophilic addition. Whereas no such peak shifting was observed in the case of ascorbate ion addition confirming the non-covalent addition of ascorbate. Theoretical insight into the selectivity and complexation behavior of the ascorbate ion with the quinoxaline moiety is gained through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, the absorption properties of these complexes are modeled theoretically, and compared with the experimental data. In addition, the thermal decomposition of sensors (
1
and
2
) has been studied by the means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), and differential thermogravimetry (DTG) to signify their utility at variable temperatures.
New quinoxalinium salts
1-5
have been exploited as chemosensors
via
naked eye, UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence quenching and
1
H NMR experiments.
The role of ionic liquids as catalyst and solvent to mediate organic reactions is well documented. While imidazole and pyridine-based ionic liquids have traditionally been the ionic liquids of choice ...for organic synthesis, imidazole's inert nature and pyridine's toxicity are often viewed as impediments. In the present study, we have synthesized ionic liquids (QuFs), employing the non-toxic quinoline ring. The desired QuFs were readily prepared
via N
-alkylation and corresponding anion exchange with fluoride ions. The structures of the synthesized QuFs were confirmed with advanced spectroscopic techniques such as
1
H and
13
C NMR, IR and mass spectrometry. The potential of these newly synthesized QuFs as catalyst for click chemistry and other reactions was explored by carrying out synthesis of 5-(
p
-methylphenyl)-1
H
-tetrazole (
7
), 2-dicyanomethylene-6-methyl-4,6-bis(
m
-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,5,6-tetrahydronicotinonitrile (
12
), and 3,5-dimethyl-1-(
p
-methoxy)-1
H
-pyrazole (
15
). Detailed thermal analysis (DSC, TGA and DTG) was carried out to study the thermal stability of synthesized QuFs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were also carried in order to establish a relationship between binding energies, and structural and dynamic characteristics of QuFs.
The role of ionic liquids as catalyst and solvent to mediate organic reactions is well documented.
In this article, we initially present the concept of the fuzzy generalized $m$-bi-ideals in semigroups, then making use of their important types like prime, semiprime and strongly fuzzy generalized ...$m$-bi-ideals, we give the important characterizations of the semigroups. We also characterize the $m$-regular and $m$-intraregular semigroups using the properties of the irreducible and strongly irreducible fuzyy generalized $m$-bi-ideals. KCI Citation Count: 0
Background.
Eclampsia remains a common cause of maternal death in Bangladesh. Early experience of magnesium sulphate use for eclampsia in Bangladesh was based on a lower dose regime, tailored for use ...in the smaller woman.
Objectives.
a) To determine the recurrent convulsion rate with the low dose ‘Dhaka’ magnesium sulphate regime (recognizing the limitations of sample size). b) To identify whether toxicity occurs with this regime. c) To measure serum level of magnesium with this regime.
Methods.
This prospective study included 65 eclamptic patients receiving lower dose magnesium sulphate therapy at Dhaka Medical College Hospital from 25 March 1998–15 June 1998. The loading dose of magnesium sulphate was 10 gm. Following this 2.5 gm was given intramuscularly 4 hourly, for 24 hours after administration of the first dose. Four blood samples were collected for serum magnesium levels. Patients were monitored hourly by observing their respiratory rate, knee jerks and urinary output. Findings were matched with serum magnesium levels.
Results.
The range of serum magnesium levels was 1.74 to 6 mg/dl with mean (s.d.) values of 3.87 (0.78). Only five (9%) patients had diminished knee jerks 6, 10, 12, 12 and 15 hours after administration of the loading dose. But at those times the serum magnesium levels were 3.2 mg/dl, 3.8/dl, 3.4 mg/dl and 3.3 mg/dl respectively. Of the 65 patients, only one developed recurrent convulsions. This was 3 hours after the loading dose and was controlled by diazepam treatment and maintenance magnesium sulphate.
Conclusion.
Half of the standard dose of magnesium sulphate appeared to be sufficient to control convulsions effectively and serum levels of magnesium remained lower than levels which produce toxicity.
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