Oxytocin is a neuropeptide released by the central nervous system. A number of studies have demonstrated the role of this neuropeptide in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In the present project, we ...have identified mRNA coding genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are associated with this pathway through an in-silico strategy, and measured their expression in a cohort of Iranian females affected with this type of malignancy. Expression levels of OXTR, FOS, ITPR1, RCAN1, CAMK2D, CACNA2D and lnc_ZFP161 were significantly down-regulated in breast cancer tissues compared with nearby non-cancerous tissues. On the other hand, expression of lnc_MTX2 was higher in breast cancer tissues compared with controls. Expression of lnc_TNS1 and lnc_FOXF1 were not different between these two kinds of samples. Expression of CACNA2D was associated with mitotic rate and PR status (P values = 3.02E-02 and 2.53E-02, respectively). Expression of other oxytocin-related genes was not associated with clinicopathological parameters. FOS and ITPR1 had the highest AUC value among the oxytocin-related genes. Combination of expression profiles of all oxytocin-related genes increased the AUC value to 0.75. However, the combinatorial sensitivity and specificity values were lower than some individual genes. In the breast cancer tissues, the most robust correlations have been detected between lnc_ZFP161/ lnc_FOXF1, CAMK2D/ lnc_ZFP161 and CAMK2D / lnc_FOXF1 (r = 0.86, 0.71 and 0.64 respectively). In the non-cancerous tissues, the strongest correlation was detected between lnc_FOXF1/lnc_MTX2 and lnc_ZFP161/CAMK2D respectively (r = 0.78 and 0.65). Taken together, oxytocin-associated genes have been dysregulated in breast cancer tissues. Moreover, the correlation ratio between these genes is connected with the existence of cancer.
The purpose of this research was to compare the philosophical contexts in the story of Hayy bin Yaqzan and the story of Robinson Crusoe. The research method was descriptive-analytical using content ...analysis method along with inductive approach. In the analysis of the stories, the unit of sentence analysis was considered. In this regard, the sentences aligned with the categorization system were specified and recorded in the checklist. The main categories including ontology, epistemology, anthropology and values were determined. The subcategories under the main categories were conceptualized with intellectual and philosophical approaches. The findings of the research showed that there are commonalities and differences in the philosophical contexts of the two stories. The most important thing in common between the two stories is to make people aware of their inner strength in achieving their goals, even if there are many problems on the way and in crisis situations. The most important difference between the two stories can be identified in the dimension of ontology. While the ultimate goal in Hayy bin Yaqzan story is the knowledge of the One God, in Robinson Crusoe story, God is not the ultimate goal and the ultimate goal remains at the level of material life. Therefore, the philosophical fields related to cognition, human, and values are formed in the shadow of the final goal mentioned in the two stories.
Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm among females. Estrogen receptor (ESR) signaling has a prominent impact in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Among the transcription factors associated with ...ESR signaling, FOXM1, GATA3, FOXA1 and ESR1 have been suggested as a candidate in the pathogenesis of this neoplasm. In the current project, we have designed an
in silico
approach to find long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that regulate these transcription factors. Then, we used clinical samples to carry out validation of our in silico findings. Our systems biology method led to the identification of
APTR
,
AC144450.1
,
linc00663
,
ZNF337.AS1
, and
RAMP2.AS1
lncRNAs. Subsequently, we assessed the expression of these genes in breast cancer tissues compared with the adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCTs). Expression of
GATA3
was significantly higher in breast cancer tissues compared with ANCTs (Ratio of mean expressions (RME) = 4.99, P value = 3.12E−04). Moreover, expression levels of
APTR
,
AC144450.1
, and
ZNF337.AS1
were elevated in breast cancer tissues compared with control tissues (RME = 2.27, P value = 5.40E−03; Ratio of mean expressions = 615.95, P value = 7.39E−19 and RME = 1.78, P value = 3.40E−02, respectively). On the other hand, the expression of
RAMP2.AS1
was lower in breast cancer tissues than controls (RME = 0.31, P value = 1.87E−03). Expression levels of
FOXA1
,
ESR1
, and
FOXM1
and
linc00663
were not significantly different between the two sets of samples. Expression of
GATA3
was significantly associated with stage (P value = 4.77E−02). Moreover, expressions of
FOXA1
and
RAMP2.AS1
were associated with the mitotic rate (P values = 2.18E−02 and 1.77E−02, respectively). Finally, expressions of
FOXM1
and
ZNF337.AS1
were associated with breastfeeding duration (P values = 3.88E−02 and 4.33E−02, respectively). Based on the area under receiver operating characteristics curves,
AC144450.1
had the optimal diagnostic power in differentiating between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues (AUC = 0.95, Sensitivity = 0.90, Specificity = 0.96). The combination of expression levels of all genes slightly increased the diagnostic power (AUC = 0.96). While there were several significant pairwise correlations between expression levels of genes in non-tumoral tissues, the most robust correlation was identified between
linc00663
and
RAMP2.AS1
(r = 0.61, P value = 3.08E−8). In the breast cancer tissues, the strongest correlations were reported between
FOXM1
/
ZNF337.AS1
and
FOXM1
/
RAMP2.AS1
pairs (r = 0.51, P value = 4.79E−5 and r = 0.51, P value = 6.39E−5, respectively). The current investigation suggests future assessment of the functional role of
APTR
,
AC144450.1
and
ZNF337.AS1
in the development of breast neoplasms.
Complex metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint dislocation is an uncommon entity, which occurs following a hyperextension injury. Closed reduction is not feasible due to entrapped volar plate and/or ...coexisting fractures. Various approaches and techniques have been proposed for treatment of complex MCP dislocation; however, controversies exist over which one is superior. This study describes a right-handed 14-year-old boy who fell on the outstretched hand and sustained a dorsal dislocation of the left index MCP joint. The dislocation was complicated by an epiphyseal metacarpal head fracture with dorsal-ulnar displacement of the osteochondral fragment. The patient underwent open reduction through the dorsal approach, and the metacarpal head was fixed via the two-screw technique. The patient resumed left-hand function after six weeks. At the two-year follow-up, the range of motion and grip strength were normal, the patient was pain-free, and no sign of growth disturbance or joint stiffness was detected. Dorsal surgical approach with screw fixation is a feasible technique for the treatment of complex MCP dislocation, especially when it is complicated by a large epiphyseal head fracture.
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials compared laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) versus open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) in patients with ...periampullary tumors.
LPD has gained attention; however, its safety and efficacy versus OPD remain debatable.
We searched PubMed and Embase. Primary outcomes were the length of hospital stay (LOS) (day), Clavien-Dindo grade ≥III complications, and 90-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were blood loss (milliliter), blood transfusion, duration of operation (minute), readmission, reoperation, comprehensive complication index score, bile leak, gastrojejunostomy or duodenojejunostomy leak, postoperative pancreatic fistula, postpancreatectomy hemorrhage, delayed gastric emptying, surgical site infection, intra-abdominal infection, number of harvested lymph nodes, and R0 resection. Pooled odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) of data was calculated using the random-effect model. The grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation approach was used for grading the level of evidence.
Four randomized controlled trials yielding 818 patients were included, of which 411 and 407 patients underwent LPD and OPD, respectively. The meta-analysis concluded that 2 approaches were similar, except in the LPD group, the LOS tended to be shorter MD=-2.54 (-5.17, 0.09), P =0.06, LOS in ICU was shorter MD=-1 (-1.8, -0.2), P =0.01, duration of operation was longer MD=75.16 (23.29, 127.03), P =0.005, blood loss was lower MD=-115.40 (-152.13, -78.68), P <0.00001, blood transfusion was lower OR=0.66 (0.47, 0.92), P =0.01, and surgical site infection was lower OR=0.35 (0.12, 0.96), P =0.04. The overall certainty of the evidence was moderate.
Within the hands of highly skilled surgeons in high-volume centers, LPD is feasible and as safe and efficient as OPD.
Matthew Lipman, the founder of the concept of philosophy for children, has selected the title of philosophy in the philosophy educational program for children different from the general philosophers’ ...understanding (perception). As far as it can be said that this concept basically cannot be situated in the semantic sphere of the philosophy or it is to a more limited extent than it. The present note with the descriptive-analytic method aims to study the philosophy program for children in relation to and at the level with the position of the philosophy science with emphasizing two components of meaning and subject of philosophy. Also, from the point of the Islamic teaching which teaching system of our country with following and influence of it is formed, it examines its necessity or unnecessity of philosophy teaching for children and its priority, too. The result shows that the philosophy meaning and subject matter in “philosophy for children” is different from its current meaning and subject matter in philosophy science which is being qua being. The subject matter of philosophy in philosophy for children is not going beyond the natural and social environment. Because this program emphasizes not paying attention to metaphysic subjects and issues. While metaphysics and its issues such as the issue of God have been of the basic subjects and it is the pivot of Islamic education. Also, the outcomes of the research show that there is no direct recommendation and order for philosophy teaching in Islamic education. But from the other side, it is not prohibited philosophizing. However, the priority of teachings in Islamic education is not philosophy teaching; the priority is to teach. but the priority is to teach the fundamental beliefs of Islam, religious beliefs, Islamic ethics and manners and training children. Therefore, philosophy for children is not in priority in the Islamic educational system.
We assessed the prevalence of obesity, overweight, central obesity and their associated risk factors in an urban population in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran.
This population-based cross-sectional study ...was performed via random cluster sampling method in 6 health centers in Iran in 2015. A questionnaire was completed by each individual.
Of 2575 participants, 1187 (46%) were men. Nearly 50% of the participants' level of education was high school or higher. About 82% of the population was married and about one-third had positive family history of parental obesity. The total prevalence of obesity, overweight, and central obesity were 26.5%, 38.7%, and 28.6%, respectively. The rate of obesity in men was lower than in women (
<0.001). The prevalence of obesity increased until the age of 60 yr in both genders and decreased thereafter except for central obesity in women, which increased without any lag. Low level of education, marriage, positive history of parental obesity and parity ≥five were associated with increased odds of obesity (OR=2.14(1.52, 3.00), OR=2.4(1.75, 2.99), OR=2.7(1.71, 3.2) and 4.16(2.17, 7.65), respectively).
Obesity and overweight have a high prevalence in southwest of the country, increasing with age. Although several risk factors are associated with obesity, the prevalence of obesity and overweight can be reduced by controlling the risk factors in the community.
One of the environmentally-friendly solutions to meeting energy consumption is multi-reservoir hydropower systems. The operation of a multi-reservoir hydropower system is an entirely complex problem ...due to a wide range of decision variables. Classic algorithms often get stuck in the local optimum and cannot successfully address these problems. Modern algorithms are more effective than classic ones, although their computational time is very high. In this study, an innovative hybrid model is proposed, called cellular automata-tabu search (CA-TS) to optimally operate multi-reservoir systems. For simplification, CA divides the problem into several sub-problems, which the number of them is the same as the length of operation period. Each sub-problem is solved by TS so that the net benefit of the power generation is maximized. For comparison purpose, a non-linear four-reservoir benchmark problem is considered to evaluate the proposed method. Finally, the results are compared with the existing results obtained by GA, PSO, and CA-NLP, showing the efficiency of CA-TS.
Concentrated games on the mind, which today are mostly offered in the form of digital and electronic games and called computer games, have actually led to a decrease in children's interest in ...physical games. However, Islamic education has emphasized the importance of play, especially children's games. This article aims to explain anthropological foundations of the physical education of children in Islamic education with an emphasis on the role of physical games. The research was conducted using descriptive-analytical method. The results indicate that the physical education of children in Islamic education has a high status and importance, and therefore certain anthropological foundations can be explained and identified. These basics include the combination of the human child's body and soul and the interaction of the body and soul in each other in the process of child development towards perfection, the gradual growth of the body and soul of the child, and the instrumental role of the body in the cultivation of the soul, which begins from childhood. So, the need for serious attention to educational programs is emphasized on the role of children's physical development. Considering the anthropological foundations in educational programs, in addition to providing children's physical health, provides a platform for the spiritual development of children in the future.
Studies comparing the outcomes of bariatric surgery followed by total knee arthroplasty (TKA) versus TKA alone in obese patients have disparate results. This systematic review and meta-analysis ...sought to compare TKA with and without prior bariatric surgery in obese patients.
MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase were searched from inception to April 9, 2023. There were twelve included studies that yielded 2,876,547 patients, of whom 62,818 and 2,813,729 underwent TKA with and without prior bariatric surgery, respectively. Primary outcomes were medical complications (ie, urinary tract infection, pneumonia, renal failure, respiratory failure, venous thromboembolism VTE, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and stroke); surgical complications (ie, wound complications eg, infection, hematoma, dehiscence, delayed wound healing, and seroma, periprosthetic joint infection, mechanical complications, periprosthetic fracture, knee stiffness, and failed hardware); revision, and mortality. Secondary outcomes were blood transfusion, length of stay (day), and readmission.
The odds ratios (OR) of 90-day VTE (OR = 0.75 0.66, 0.85, P < .00001), 90-day stroke (OR = 0.58 0.41, 0.81, P = .002), and 1-year periprosthetic fracture (OR = 0.74 0.55, 0.99, P = .04) were lower in those who underwent bariatric surgery before TKA. Although the mean difference in hospital stays (−0.19 days −0.23, −0.15, P < .00001) was statistically less in those who underwent bariatric surgery before TKA, it was not clinically relevant. The other outcomes were similar between the groups.
Bariatric surgery before TKA is beneficial in terms of a lower risk of VTE, stroke, and periprosthetic fracture. This analysis suggests surgeons consider discussing bariatric surgery before TKA in obese patients, especially those who are at risk of VTE and stroke.
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