The existence of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos has been unambiguously demonstrated, but their sources remain elusive. IceCube reported an association of a 290-TeV neutrino with a gamma-ray ...flare of TXS 0506+056, an active galactic nucleus with a compact radio jet pointing to us. Later, radio blazars were shown to be associated with IceCube neutrino events with high statistical significance. These associations remained unconfirmed with the data of independent experiments. Here we report on the detection of a rare neutrino event with the estimated energy of 224 +- 75 TeV from the direction of TXS 0506+056 by the new Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope in April 2021 followed by a radio flare observed by RATAN-600. This event is the highest-energy cascade detected so far by Baikal-GVD from a direction below horizon. The result supports previous suggestions that radio blazars in general, and TXS 0506+056 in particular, are the sources of high-energy neutrinos, and opens up the cascade channel for the neutrino astronomy.
In the period from 2012 to 2015 on Kalym winter wheat variety plants there were carried out field tests of the liquid culture of B. subtilis BZR 336g and BZR 517 strains isolated from natural sources ...that exhibit antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, and are also able to have a positive effect on the growth and development of plants. Pre-sowing seed treatment and two preventive treatments during the growing season of the plants were carried out with the liquid culture of the strains. Comparison variants - treatment with water (control), with chemical (Raxil, KS; Alto Super, KS) and with biological (Fitosporin-M, L) standards. Biological efficacy against the complex of fusarium root rots was noted in the shooting stage of winter wheat and during ripening, and in some years reached 22.8 % for B. subtilis BZR 336g strain and 17.2 % for B. subtilis BZR 517 strain. In variants with presowing seed treatment and treatment of vegetative winter wheat plants with B. subtilis BZR 336g strain for three years of field trials the yield was from 5.0 to 7.4 t / ha, and when treated with B. subtilis BZR 517 strain - from 4.2 to 7.6 t / ha. The maximum additional yield was obtained in 2013 - a reliable yield increase was 1.6 t / ha for B. subtilis BZR 336g strain and 0.8 t / ha for B. subtilis BZR 517 strain. The ability of liquid cultures of the studied strains to protect winter wheat against harmful diseases at the same level and above the biological and chemical standards will help to expand the range of microbial biological products in the segment of the Russian market of environmentally friendly plant protection products.
We report on the observation of a rare neutrino event detected by Baikal-GVD
in April 2021. The event GVD210418CA is the highest-energy cascade observed by
Baikal-GVD so far from the direction below ...the horizon. The estimated cascade
energy is $224\pm75$~TeV. The evaluated signalness parameter of GVD210418CA is
97.1\% using an assumption of the E$^{-2.46}$ spectrum of astrophysical
neutrinos. The arrival direction of GVD210418CA is near the position of the
well-known radio blazar TXS~0506+056, with the angular distance being within a
90\% directional uncertainty region of the Baikal-GVD measurement. The event
was followed by a radio flare observed by the RATAN-600 radio telescope,
further strengthening the case for the neutrino-blazar association.
Currently, there is an active development of environmentally friendly methods of farming. However, the range of products for this type of farming system is limited. Growth stimulation is one of the ...mechanisms ensuring plant resistance to diseases that reduce crop yields. The aim of the work is to study the effect of laboratory samples of new biological products based on B. subtilis BZR 336 g, B. subtilis BZR 517, P. chlororaphis 245 F strains and organo-mineral fertilizers PRK White Pearl Brown (WPB) and PRK White Pearl Universal” (WPU) on plant growth and development of plants, as well as study of the possibility of their joint use for subsequent inclusion in organic farming systems or integrated plant protection. Growthpromoting ability was assessed in winter wheat and sunflower plants grown in sand in a climatic chamber. As comparison variants there were seed treatment with water (control), chemical (Dividend Star, KS) and biological (Fitosporin-M, F, B. subtilis 26 D) standards. In two plant cultures there was an expected retardant effect of the chemical standard and the growth-promoting effect of the biological standard. Statistically significant data were obtained for such a parameter as the shoot length. On winter wheat, laboratory samples provided the shoot length of 24.1-25.2 mm (an addition to the control of 3.4-8.2%), organic and mineral fertilizers - 23.9-24.5 mm (2.6-5.2%), mixtures with WPU - 23.2-24.4 mm (-0.4-4.7%), mixtures with WPB - 24.1-25.9 mm (3.4-11.2%), a significant increase in root length was not observed in this culture. On winter wheat, it is advisable to use the studied products separately. Sunflower is more responsive to the action of laboratory samples. They provided a shoot length of 13.6-14.6 mm (20.9-27.0%) and a root of 9.2-10.2 mm (4.5-15.9%). Organo-mineral fertilizers provided a shoot length of 14.2-14.5 mm (23.5-26.1%) and the root length of 10.8 mm (22.7%). Mixtures with WPU provided shoot length of 14.7-15.4 mm (27.8-33.9%), mixtures with WPB provided shoot length of 11.9-14.5 mm (3.5-26.1%), and no significant increase in root length was noted. The data obtained indicate the presence in the laboratory samples of fungicidal biological products growth-promoting properties, which vary depending on the culture and additionally used organic and mineral fertilizers. To confirm the results, additional experiments are necessary. Research in this direction will allow the rational use of the studied means of protection and increase plant yields in systems of organic, ecologized and integrated farming, and can help reduce the pesticidal pressure on agrocenoses.
Conflict of interest: the authors stated that there was no conflict of interest.
Baikal-GVD is a next generation, kilometer-scale neutrino telescope currently
under construction in Lake Baikal. GVD consists of multi-megaton subarrays
(clusters) and is designed for the detection ...of astrophysical neutrino fluxes
at energies from a few TeV up to 100 PeV. The large detector volume and modular
design of Baikal-GVD allows for the measurements of the astrophysical diffuse
neutrino flux to be performed already at early phases of the array
construction. We present here recent results of the measurements on the diffuse
cosmic neutrino flux obtained with the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope using
cascade-like events.
Baikal-GVD (Gigaton Volume Detector) is a neutrino telescope installed at a
depth of 1366 m in Lake Baikal. The expedition of 2023 brought the number of
optical modules in the array up to 3492 ...(including experimental strings). These
optical modules detect the Cherenkov radiation from secondary charged particles
coming from the neutrino interactions. Neutrinos produce different kinds of
topologically distinct light signatures. Charged current muon neutrino
interactions create an elongated track in the water. Charged and neutral
current interactions of other neutrino flavors yield hadronic and
electromagnetic cascades. The background in the neutrino cascade channel arises
mainly due to discrete stochastic energy losses produced along atmospheric muon
tracks. In this paper, a developed algorithm for the cascade event selection is
presented.
The deployment of the Baikal-GVD deep underwater neutrino telescope is in
progress now. About 3500 deep underwater photodetectors (optical modules)
arranged into 12 clusters are operating in Lake ...Baikal. For increasing the
efficiency of cascade-like neutrino event detection, the telescope deployment
scheme was slightly changed. Namely, the inter-cluster distance was reduced for
the newly deployed clusters and additional string of optical modules are added
between the clusters. The first inter-cluster string was installed in 2022 and
two such strings were installed in 2023. This paper presents a Monte Carlo
estimate of the impact of these configuration changes on the cascade detection
efficiency as well as technical implementation and results of in-situ tests of
the inter-cluster strings.
Baikal Gigaton Volume Detector is a cubic kilometer scale neutrino telescope
under construction in Lake Baikal. As of July 2023, Baikal-GVD consists of 96
fully deployed strings resulting in 3456 ...optical modules installed. The
observation of neutrinos is based on detection of Cherenkov radiation emitted
by the products of neutrino interactions. In this contribution, description of
the double cascade reconstruction technique as well as evaluation of precision
of this algorithm is given.
PoS(ICRC2023)1458 The Baikal-GVD alert system was launched at the beginning of 2021. There are
alerts for muon neutrinos (long upward-going track-like events) and all-flavour
neutrinos (high-energy ...cascades). The system is able to get a preliminary
response to external alerts with a temporal delay of about 3-10 minutes. The
Baikal-GVD data processing and the results of the follow-up procedure are
described. We report on the analysis of the coincidence in time and direction
between the Baikal-GVD cascade GVD20211208CA with an estimated energy of 43 TeV
and the announced alert IceCube211208A possibly associated with a flaring state
of the blazar PKS 0735+178.
The results of treatment of Barrett's oesophagus diagnosed in 22 (9.2%) of 238 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatal hernia are presented. A high degree dysplasia was ...found in 54.5% (12/22) of patients. All patients were administered combination therapy with proton pump inhibitors, prokinetics, third generation H2 histamine receptor blockers for 3 to 4 weeks. If no regress of dysplasia was obtained, Barrett's epithelium was removed by a holmium laser (14 patients). The advantages of a laparoscopic fundoplication technique proposed by the authors in the treatment of Barrett's oesophagus were shown. This surgical intervention reliably prevents the gastroesophageal reflux that has led to the development of this disease.
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