This study evaluates the antitumor efficacy of hesperidin (Hesp) versus cisplatin (Cis) in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice, as well as its protective effect against Cis-triggered ...nephrotoxicity. Seventy female mice were allocated into control, Hesp, EAC, Hesp-protected, Hesp-treated, Cis-treated, and Cis+Hesp-treated groups. The inoculation of mice with EAC cells significantly reduced the mean survival time, while significantly increased the body weight, abdominal circumference, ascitic fluid volume, viable tumor cell count, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen, urea and creatinine levels, besides various hematological changes. Additionally, kidney tissue of EAC-bearing mice showed a significant increase in the malondialdehyde level, significant decreases in the reduced glutathione content and catalase activity, marked pathological alterations, and a strong Ki-67 expression with a weak caspase-3 expression in neoplastic cells infiltrating the renal capsule. Conversely, the administration of Hesp and/or Cis to the EAC-bearing mice induced, to various degrees, antitumor responses and alleviated the cytotoxic effects of EAC. In addition to the potent antitumor effect of the concomitant administration of Hesp and Cis, Hesp minimized the renal adverse side effects of Cis. In conclusion, Hesp may open new avenues for safe and effective cancer therapy and could be valuable for enhancing the antitumor potency and minimizing the renal adverse side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs.
The effects of a multistrain potential probiotic (Protexin®), acids, and a bacterin from multidrug-resistant E. coli O26, O78, S. Enteritidis (1,9,12 g.m1,7), and S. Typhimurium (1,4,5,12.i.1,2) on ...the immune response, haematological parameters, cytokines, and growth parameters of broiler chickens challenged with bacterin live serotypes were investigated. Two experiments were designed using 300 one-day-old chicks (Arbor Acres) randomly assigned to 15 groups. The first experiment comprised 9 groups, including positive and negative control groups and other groups received Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.2 ml/SC), either alone or in combination, on the 1st day. The second experiment contained 6 groups, including positive and negative control groups and other groups received a combination of Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.5 ml/SC) on the 8th day. All the groups except the negative control groups were challenged on the 8th and 16th days in both experiments, respectively, with mixed live bacterin serotypes. The groups that received Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin either alone or in combination revealed significant improvements in the immune response to the bacterin (p ≤ 0.05). The groups in the 1st experiment and most the 2nd experiment groups showed a reduced mortality rate and decreased levels IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-12 cytokines (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, these groups demonstrated increases in haematological parameters and reduced rates of infection-caused anaemia. These groups showed significant increases in growth performance parameters, such as body weight, weight gain, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p ≤ 0.05). There was a beneficial effect on 1-day-old chickens produced by combining Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.2 ml/SC).
Simple Summary: The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of argan oil against nephrotoxic effect following overdose and long-term administration of betamethasone. The results ...revealed that betamethasone induced hematological changes, including reduction of red blood cells with leukocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphocytopenia, and marked thrombocytopenia. Moreover, betamethasone caused significant increase of serum urea and creatinine levels; renal malondialdehyde and nitric oxide contents associated with significant decrease of reduced glutathione content. Betamethasone also caused vascular, degenerative, and inflammatory histopathological alterations in kidney tissue along with increase of Bax and caspase-3 expressions and decrease of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expressions. Conversely, the concomitant administration of argan oil (0.5,1 mL/kg) with betamethasone ameliorated the aforementioned hematological, biochemical, pathological, and histochemical adverse effects. In conclusion, overdose and long-term administration of betamethasone could induce hematological changes and severe renal damage mediated by oxidative, apoptotic and proliferative mechanisms via increasing renal functions biomarkers and altering oxidant/antioxidant status along with pathological lesions and imbalance of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio that positively correlates with up-regulation of caspase-3 and down-regulation of PCNA in kidney tissue. However, argan oil could potentially protect against betamethasone- induced renal damage, in a dose-dependent manner, via its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and proliferative properties.
is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes drastic infections in cattle and humans. In this study, 55 isolates were recovered from 115 nasal swabs from apparently healthy and diseased cattle and humans ...in Minufiya and Qalyubia, Egypt. These isolates were confirmed by
existence, and molecular classification of the capsular types showed that types B, D, and E represented 23/55 (41.8%), 21/55 (38.1%), and 11/55 (20.0%), respectively. The isolates were screened for five virulence genes with
,
, and
detected in 28/55 (50.9%), 30/55 (54.5%), and 25/55 (45.5%), respectively. We detected 17 capsular and virulence gene combinations with a discriminatory power (DI) of 0.9286; the most prevalent profiles were
type D and
type D,
,
, and
, which represented 8/55 (14.5%) each. These strains exhibited high ranges of multiple antimicrobial resistance indices; the lowest resistances were against chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and levofloxacin. The macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B methylase gene
(Q), with
(42) encoding MLS
monomethyltransferase,
(E) encoding a macrolide efflux pump, and
(E) encoding macrolide-inactivating phosphotransferase were present. The class 1 and 2 integrons and extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes
,
,
,
, and
were detected. It is obvious to state that co-occurrence of resistance genes resulted in multiple drug-resistant phenotypes. The identified isolates were virulent, genetically diverse, and resistant to antimicrobials, highlighting the potential risk to livestock and humans.
The current study evaluated the efficacy of Selenium Nanoparticles (Se-NPs) on hemato-biochemical, antioxidant biomarkers, and immunological responses induced by S. Typhimurium in broiler chickens. ...Chicks (N=120) were divided into six groups. Group 1: received no treatment and set as a control group. Group 2: fed Se-NPs enriched diet (0.5 mg/kg diet). Group 3: subjected to oral challenge with 3.5x108 CFU/mL/1 ml/bird of S. Typhimurium. Group 4: administrated Se-NPs (0.5 mg/kg diet) then on day 21 was subjected to 3.5x108 CFU/mL/1 ml/bird of S. Typhimurium. Group 5: vaccinated by a SERVAC Tri Sal. 0.1ml subcutaneous (s/c) injection on day 3 then subjected to 3.5x108 CFU/mL/1 ml/bird of S. Typhimurium on day 21. Group 6: treated from day 1 with Se-NPs (0.5 mg/kg diet) till the end of the experiment and vaccinated by a SERVAC Tri Sal. 0.1ml (s/c) on day 3 and then subjected to 3.5x108 CFU/mL/1 ml/bird of S. Typhimurium on day 21. The results showed that S. Typhimurium significantly decreased erythrogram, lymphocytes count, total protein, albumin, A/G ratio, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, serum iron, and TIBC, GPX, SOD, TAC, and IL-10 expression compared to the control. Meanwhile, S. Typhimurium significantly increased TLC, heterophils, monocytes, serum ferritin, liver enzymes (ALT, AST), renal products (creatinine, uric acid), MDA, IL6 expression. Conversely, the dietary Se-NPs supplementation and/or Salmonella vaccine to the infected broiler induced, to various degrees, improvement in hemato-biochemical, antioxidant biomarkers, and proinflammatory responses compared to challenged group. In conclusion, dietary Se-NPs supplementation offered a direct protection against S. Typhimurium infection for sustaining poultry production and correspondingly protecting human health.
Vaccines are the most effective method for animal immunization against infectious diseases. This work aimed to study the effect of some vaccines commonly, used in sheep, on some innate immunological ...and clinicopathological parameters. For this purpose, forty-five Barki ewes were housed at the sustainable development Centre of Matrouh resources farm. They were divided into: Pox group: fifteen ewes were injected with live-attenuated pox vaccine. FMD+RVF group: fifteen ewes were injected separately with two vaccines (polyvalent inactivated foot and mouth disease oil adjuvant vaccine and rift valley inactivated vaccine). Ultrabac group: fifteen ewes were injected with 2.5 ml bacterial toxoid (Ultrabac® 8, Zoetis). Blood samples were collected then immunological and clinicopathological parameters were estimated and statistically analyzed. The three studied groups showed a significant (P˂0.05) increase in the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ceruloplasmin, and oxidative stress, associated with serious clinicopathological changes (anemia, leukocytosis, increased liver and kidney functions, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia). These alterations peaked on the 14th day, and subsequently moved towards their baseline values. They were more prominent and sustained in the Ultrabac group (with selective hyperproteinemia) than in the other two groups. The FMD+RVF group displayed a higher degree of cytokines activity, APR, oxidative stress, leukocytosis, and AST values than the Pox group. Conclusion: Sheep vaccination evokes an innate immune response which results in clinicopathological changes. These alterations are more pronounced in bacterial and combined vaccines than viral and single vaccines. The first 14 days after vaccination is a critical period and needs proper management.
Strongylus vulgaris has high pathogenicity to equines. It causes aneurysm and thrombosis in the arteries particularly an anterior mesenteric artery, that is fatal to equines. In this study, we aimed ...to diagnose microscopically the natural infection of donkeys with Strongylus vulgaris from Sadat City, Minoufiya Governorate, Egypt. Fecal egg culture was used after the diagnosis of strongyle eggs to identify the species. Hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed. Adult worms were collected after post mortem examination of the infected animal. The sequence of ITS-2 was used to confirm the species of the parasite. The infection rate was 15.85% using the microscopical examination. The larval culture confirmed the infection with strongyle eggs as Strongylus vulgaris larvae. The sequence of ITS-2 was highly identical (about 95%) to sequences from Germany, China, and Turkey and occurred in the same genetic clade with the sequence from Germany. In conclusion, the study presented the diagnosis, the changes in the hematological and biochemical parameters in the infected animals, and the genetic characterization of Strongylus vulgaris from Sadat City, Minoufiya Governorate Egypt for the first time.
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•The infection rate of S. vulgaris was 15.85% in donkeys from Sadat City, Egypt.•The larval culture was used to confirm the infection.•The ITS-2 sequence was highly identical to those from Germany, China, and Turkey.•Changes in hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed.
Salmonella Typhimurium is a significant zoonotic gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that can cause foodborne illness in humans. Out of all the diseases that affect poultry, the ones caused by the ...Salmonella genus are the most prevalent, causing significant negative impacts on the poultry industry, including mortality, stunted growth, and decreased egg production. Moreover, broilers can serve as carriers of the bacterium without showing any clinical signs of disease, which can further contribute to the spread of infection. The use of antibiotics for the control of Salmonella Typhimurium may result in antibiotic resistance in broilers and the potential transmission of antibiotic resistance to humans via the food chain. As a result, alternative methods for controlling Salmonella Typhimurium in broilers have been explored such as the use of Selenium Nanoparticles (Se-NPs) and vaccination. Se-NPs is a form of selenium that has been shown to possess antimicrobial activity against bacteria, including Salmonella Typhimurium. Supplementation of Se-NPs in diets can reduce the prevalence and colonization of Salmonella Typhimurium in the cecum and feces of broilers. Another potential method for controlling Salmonella Typhimurium is the use of vaccines. The vaccines can be used to prevent salmonella infection including live attenuated, killed, and subunit vaccines. Therefore, the aim of this study is to highlight the Salmonella infection in broiler chickens and the importance of vaccinating broiler chickens and using Selenium Nanoparticles to protect against Salmonella infection, in order to prevent transmission of the disease to humans and safeguard the poultry industry.
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