This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of self-adhesive resin cements (SARCs) to dentin and their physical-chemical properties. Five commercial SARCs were evaluated SmartCem®2 - DENTSPLY ...(SC2); BisCem® - Bisco (BC); SeT PP® - SDI (SeT); Relyx U100® - 3M ESPE (U100) and YCEM® SA - Yller (YCEM). The SARCs were evaluated for SBS to dentin (n = 10) after 24 h, 6 months, and 12 months. The dentin demineralization caused by acidic monomers was observed by SEM, and pH-neutralization of eluate was observed for 24 h. Degree of conversion (DC), rate of polymerization (Rp), flexural strength (FS), and elastic modulus (E) were evaluated. Immediate SBS of SC2, SET, U100, and YCEM were statistically higher than that of BC (p < 0.001). After 12 months, all SARCs showed reduced SBS values and U100 showed values similar to those of SET and YCEM, and higher than those of BC and SC2 (p = 0.001). Demineralization pattern of SARCs was similar. At 24h, all SARCs showed no differences in the pH-value, except BC and U100 (p < 0.001). YCEM showed the highest Rp. U100, YCEM, and SC2 showed statistically higher FS (p<0.001) and E (p < 0.001) when compared with SET and BC. U100 and YCEM showed the best long-term bonding irrespective of the storage period. A significant reduction in SBS was found for all groups after 12 months. SBS was not shown to be correlated with physical-chemical properties, and appeared to be material-dependent. The polymerization profile suggested that an increased time of light activation, longer than that recommended by manufacturers, would be necessary to optimize DC of SARCs.
Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic that acts as a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors, with a favorable pharmacological profile. Due to its unique mechanism of action, this compound has potential ...application as a substitutive therapy for drug addiction. Considering that distinct neural systems subserve the addictive and analgesic actions of opioids, we tested the hypothesis that aripiprazole selectively inhibit the abuse-related, but not the antinociceptive, effects of morphine. The drugs were tested in male Swiss mice for their effects on locomotion, conditioned place preference (CPP) and nociception. Morphine (20mg/kg) increased motor activity, whereas aripiprazole (0.1, 1 and 10mg/kg) did not induce any change. This antipsychotic, however, prevented morphine-induced locomotion. In the conditioning box, aripiprazole did not induce either reward or aversion. Yet, it prevented both the acquisition and the expression of morphine-induced CPP. Finally, none of the doses of this antipsychotic interfere with morphine (5mg/kg)-induced antinociception in the tail-flick test. In conclusion, aripiprazole inhibited the abuse-related effects of morphine at doses that do not interfere with basal locomotion, reward or aversion. Also, it did not alter morphine-induced antinociceptive effects. This antipsychotic should be further investigated as a possible substitutive strategy for treating certain aspects of opioid addiction.
User-centered analysis of a safe bus routing strategy Ramos, João Marcos A. M.; Almeida, Vinícius G. J.; Santana, Henrique S. ...
Journal of internet services and applications,
06/2023, Letnik:
14, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Context-aware mobility has the potential to make the way we travel more efficient, safer, and more sustainable. Among the possible contexts, safety, in terms of crime levels in city regions, is one ...that has been used to calculate safer routes. Making a bus route safer is important to improve the quality of life of the passengers, who often are victims of criminals during their journey. However, existing studies focus only on private vehicles and do not assess the impact for citizens as a whole. In this work, an existing solution for calculating safe routes is evaluated in the context of public bus transport in terms of the impact caused to passengers. The results showed that, in general, changing a bus route to make it safer increases the distance traveled by a few kilometers for most passengers. This small increase in distance is not harmful to the passengers, given that they will be at less risk to face any kind of criminal situation. In addition to this analysis, a scalable tool for extracting mobility flow was also developed.
Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic that acts as a partial agonist at dopamine receptors. As the effects of most drugs of abuse converge to enhance dopamine‐mediated neurotransmission, the present study ...was designed to test the hypothesis that aripiprazole would inhibit the acute effects of ethanol, a widely abused substance. Male Swiss mice received acute injections and were evaluated for motor activity in three distinct tests. In the open field, ethanol (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 g/kg) induced an increase in locomotion in a U‐shaped dose‐related fashion, whereas aripiprazole (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) did not affect this parameter. All the doses of the antipsychotic were able to prevent the stimulant effects of 2.5 g/kg of ethanol. In the rotarod test, ethanol (2.5 and 3.5 g/kg) reduced the latency to fall from the apparatus, an effect also observed with the higher dose of aripiprazole. Contrary to what was observed in the open field, this antipsychotic did not interfere with the effects of ethanol in motor balance. Finally, we tested animals in the wire hang test, in which ethanol, but not aripiprazole, reduced latency to fall at all doses. In this test, aripiprazole did not change ethanol effects. The present data lead to the conclusion that aripiprazole prevents the stimulant effects of ethanol on locomotion, without interfering with the motor impairment induced by this drug.
Background. Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia and related disorders. Our previous study showed that this compound also induces antinociceptive effects. The present ...study aimed to assess the participation of the opioid system in this effect. Methods. Male Swiss mice were submitted to paw pressure test and hyperalgesia was induced by intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 2 μg). Aripiprazole was injected 10 min before the measurement. Naloxone, clocinnamox, naltrindole, nor-binaltorphimine, and bestatin were given 30 min before aripiprazole. Nociceptive thresholds were measured in the 3rd hour after PGE2 injection. Results. Aripiprazole (100 μg/paw) injected locally into the right hind paw induced an antinociceptive effect that was blocked by naloxone (50 μg/paw), a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist. The role of μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors was investigated using the selective antagonists, clocinnamox (40 μg/paw), naltrindole (15, 30, and 60 μg/paw), and nor-binaltorphimine (200 μg/paw), respectively. The data indicated that only the δ-opioid receptor antagonist inhibited the peripheral antinociception induced by aripiprazole. Bestatin (400 μg), an aminopeptidase-N inhibitor, significantly enhanced low-dose (25 μg/paw) aripiprazole-induced peripheral antinociception. Conclusion. The results suggest the participation of the opioid system via δ-opioid receptor in the peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by aripiprazole.
The transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 channel (TRPV1) is expressed in the midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG), a region of the brain related to aversive responses. TRPV1 antagonism in the ...dorsolateral PAG (dlPAG) induces anxiolytic-like effects in models based on conflict situations. No study, however, has investigated whether these receptors could contribute to fear responses to proximal threat. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that TRPV1 in the PAG could mediate fear response in rats exposed to a predator.
We verified whether exposure to a live cat (a natural predator) would activate TRPV1-expressing neurons in the PAG. Double-staining immunohistochemistry was used as a technique to detect c-Fos, a marker of neuronal activation, and TRPV1 expression. We also investigated whether intra-dlPAG injections of the TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepine (CPZ), would attenuate the behavioural consequences of predator exposure.
Exposure to a cat increased c-Fos expression in TRPV1-positive neurons, mainly in the dorsal columns of the PAG, suggesting that TRPV1-expressing neurons are activated by threatening stimuli. Accordingly, local injection of CPZ inhibited the fear responses.
These data support the hypothesis that TRPV1 channels mediate fear reactions in the dlPAG. This may have an implication for the development of TRPV1-antagonists as potential drugs for the treatment of certain psychiatric disorders.
OBJECTIVETo propose a core curriculum for religiosity and spirituality (R/S) in clinical practice for psychiatry residency programs based on the available evidence. METHODSAfter performing a review ...of studies on the implementation of R/S curricula and identifying the most commonly taught topics and teaching methods, an R/S curriculum was developed based on the most prevalent strategies, as well as recommendations from psychiatric associations, resulting in a fairly comprehensive R/S curriculum that is simple enough to be easily implemented, even where there is a shortage of time and of faculty expertise. RESULTSThe curriculum is a twelve-hour course (six 2-hour sessions). The topics include: concepts and evidence regarding R/S and mental health relationships, taking a spiritual history/case formulation, historical aspects and research, main local R/S traditions, differential diagnosis between spiritual experiences and mental disorders, and R/S integration in the approach to treatment. The teaching methods include: classes, group discussions, studying guidelines, taking spiritual histories, panels, field visits, case presentations, and clinical supervision. The evaluation of residents includes: taking a spiritual history and formulating an R/S case. The program evaluation includes: quantitative and qualitative written feedback. CONCLUSIONSA brief and feasible core R/S curriculum for psychiatry residency programs is proposed; further investigation of the impact of this educational intervention is needed.
Studies are conflicting to whether low volume resistance training (RT) is as effective as high-volume RT protocols with respect to promoting morphological and molecular adaptations. Thus, the aim of ...the present study was to compare, using a climbing a vertical ladder, the effects of 8 weeks, 3 times per week, resistance training with 4 sets (RT4), resistance training with 8 sets (RT8) and without resistance training control (CON) on gastrocnemius muscle proteome using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and cross sectional area (CSA) of rats. Fifty-two proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS, with 39 in common between the three groups, two in common between RT8 and CON, one in common between RT8 and RT4, four exclusive in the CON, one in the RT8, and four in the RT4. The RT8 group had a reduced abundance of 12 proteins, mostly involved in muscle protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, anti-oxidant defense, and oxygen transport. Otherwise one protein involved with energy transduction as compared with CON group showed high abundance. There was no qualitative protein abundance difference between RT4 and CON groups. These results revealed that high volume RT induced undesirable disturbances on skeletal muscle proteins, while lower volume RT resulted in similar gains in skeletal muscle hypertrophy without impairment of proteome. The CSA was significantly higher in RT8 group when compared to RT4 group, which was significantly higher than CON group. However, no differences were found between trained groups when the gastrocnemius CSA were normalized by the total body weight.
The present study was designed to characterize the nociceptive response induced by protein kinase C (PKC) peripheral activation and to investigate if this biochemical event is important for the ...nociceptive response induced by formaldehyde, and bradykinin (BK).
Intraplantar injection of phorbol‐12,13‐didecanoate (PDD; 0.01, 0.1 or 1 μg), a PKC activator, but not of 4α‐PDD (inactive analogue), dose‐dependently induced thermal hyperalgesia in rats. This response was not observed at the contralateral hindpaw. Intraplantar injection of PDD (0.01, 0.1 or 1 μg) also induced mechanical allodynia. In mice, injection of PDD (0.1 or 1 μg) into the dorsum of the hindpaw induced a spontaneous licking behaviour.
Intraplantar co‐injection of chelerythrine (10 or 50 μg), a PKC inhibitor, attenuated the thermal hyperalgesia induced by PDD (0.1 μg) in rats.
The second phase of the nociceptive response induced by the injection of formaldehyde (0.92%, 20 μl) into the dorsum of mice hindpaws was inhibited by ipsi‐, but not contralateral, pre‐treatment with chelerythrine (1 μg).
Intraplantar injection of BK (10 μg) induced mechanical allodynia in rats. Ipsi‐ but not contralateral injection of bisindolylmaleimide I (10 μg), a PKC inhibitor, inhibited BK‐induced mechanical allodynia.
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PKC activation at peripheral tissues leads to the development of spontaneous nociceptive response, thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Most importantly, it also gives in vivo evidence that peripheral PKC activation is essential for the full establishment of the nociceptive response induced by two different inflammatory stimuli.
British Journal of Pharmacology (2002) 135, 239–247; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704434
In this paper, we present data from measurements made in the textured fibers bobbins in two different conditions, presenting critical quality characteristics such as diameter, mass and density. In ...order to obtain a significant amount of information, in each of the two conditions, 270 measurements were obtained for each of the quality characteristics. Three different equipments (Automatic Package Analyzer - APA) were used in ten different parts, replicated three times for each of them. Considering the two measurement data collection, an amount of 540 bobbins measurements were obtained. Almeida et al., (2019) applied these measurement data in his study. Taking into account the multicorrelated nature of the information, we also have the representation of the principal components' scores for these measurements, besides the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the data.
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