•Association between colorectal cancer and proximity to industries was investigated.•Colorectal cancer was detected near industries overall for all distances.•Excess risk was higher near industries ...releasing pollution to air than water.•Industry of metal, glass, chemical, food and organic solvents showed excess risks.•Risk found near plants releasing nonylphenol, antimony, naphthalene, and manganese.
Colorectal cancer is the third most frequent tumor in males and the second in females worldwide. In Spain, it is an important and growing health problem, and epidemiologic research focused on potential risk factors, such as environmental exposures, is necessary.
To analyze the association between colorectal cancer risk and residential proximity to industries, according to pollution discharge route, industrial groups, categories of carcinogens and other toxic substances, and specific pollutants released, in the context of a population-based multicase-control study of incident cancer carried out in Spain (MCC-Spain).
MCC-Spain included 557 colorectal cancer cases and 2948 controls in 11 provinces, frequency matched by sex, age, and region of residence. Distances were computed from subjects’ residences to each of the 134 industries located in the study area. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for categories of distance (from 1 km to 3 km) to industrial facilities, adjusting for matching variables and other confounders.
Excess risk (OR; 95%CI) of colorectal cancer was detected near industries overall for all distances analyzed, from 1 km (2.03; 1.44–2.87) to 3 km (1.26; 1.00–1.59). In general, industries releasing pollutants to air showed higher excess risks than facilities releasing pollution to water. By industrial sector, excess risk (OR; 95%CI) was found near (≤3 km) production of metals (2.66; 1.77–4.00), surface treatment of metals (1.48; 1.08–2.02), glass and mineral fibers (2.06; 1.39–3.07), organic chemical industry (4.80; 3.20–7.20), inorganic chemical industry (6.74; 4.38–10.36), food/beverage sector (3.34; 2.38–4.68), and surface treatment using organic solvents (6.16; 4.06–9.36). By pollutants, the main excess risks (OR; 95%CI) were found near (≤3 km) industries releasing nonylphenol (9.19; 5.91–14.28), antimony (5.30; 3.45–8.15), naphthalene (3.11; 2.16–4.49), organotin compounds (2.64; 1.76–3.98), manganese (2.53; 1.63–3.93), dichloromethane (2.52; 1.74–3.66), and vanadium (2.49; 1.59–3.91).
Our results support the hypothesis that residing in the proximity of industries may be a risk factor for colorectal cancer.
Molecular diagnosis of patients with von Willebrand disease is pending in most populations due to the complexity and high cost of conventional molecular analyses. The need for molecular and clinical ...characterization of von Willebrand disease in Spain prompted the creation of a multicenter project (PCM-EVW-ES) that resulted in the largest prospective cohort study of patients with all types of von Willebrand disease. Molecular analysis of relevant regions of the
, including intronic and promoter regions, was achieved in the 556 individuals recruited
the development of a simple, innovative, relatively low-cost protocol based on microfluidic technology and next-generation sequencing. A total of 704 variants (237 different) were identified along
, 155 of which had not been previously recorded in the international mutation database. The potential pathogenic effect of these variants was assessed by
analysis. Furthermore, four short tandem repeats were analyzed in order to evaluate the ancestral origin of recurrent mutations. The outcome of genetic analysis allowed for the reclassification of 110 patients, identification of 37 asymptomatic carriers (important for genetic counseling) and re-inclusion of 43 patients previously excluded by phenotyping results. In total, 480 patients were definitively diagnosed. Candidate mutations were identified in all patients except 13 type 1 von Willebrand disease, yielding a high genotype-phenotype correlation. Our data reinforce the capital importance and usefulness of genetics in von Willebrand disease diagnostics. The progressive implementation of molecular study as the first-line test for routine diagnosis of this condition will lead to increasingly more personalized and effective care for this patient population.
Most studies regarding coastal morphodynamic have focused on sandy beaches or beaches with a single type of sediment. Wave climate has been described as one of the main factors behind the ...morphological changes, although this interaction is not fully understood on composite beaches. The aim of this work is to present new insights into the seasonal variability of a composite beach called San Felipe (Gran Canaria, Spain). Statistically significant correlations were obtained between different measured morphological variables, morphodynamic parameters and the wave climate. The run-up and Iribarren number were found to be good indicators of the morphological response of a composite beach. The morphological seasonal dynamics of this composite beach enabled the definition of two morphodynamic beach states which correspond to summer and winter situations. The summer state is characterized by a profile with two different sedimentological and morphological sections: an upper part dominated by pebbles forming two berms, and a lower sandy section with a gentle slope. Spilling low-energy waves dominate and the beach follows a dissipative-intermediate pattern. The winter state is defined by a reflective-intermediate behaviour of the beach, which is narrower and steeper. Two morphological features were identified: a single storm berm and cusps along the foreshore. Plunging breakers and high-energy waves dominate during winter. Based on the results obtained in this study, a new classification of composite beaches is proposed.
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•Good correlation between hydrodynamic, morphodynamic and morphological parameters•Run-up and Iribarren number describe morphological changes on composite beaches.•Two morphodynamic beach states are identified on San Felipe beach: summer and winter.•Opposite response of the upper and lower part of the beach due to wave climate•A new classification of composite beaches is proposed.
Worldwide deaths from diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer increased by 90% and 57%, respectively, over the past 20 years. The risk of colorectal cancer was estimated to be 27% higher in ...patients with type 2 DM than in non-diabetic controls. However, there are potential confounders, information from lower income countries is scarce, across the globe there is no correlation between DM prevalence and colorectal cancer incidence and the association has evolved over time, suggesting the impact of additional environmental factors. The clinical relevance of these associations depends on understanding the mechanism involved. Although evidence is limited, insulin use has been associated with increased and metformin with decreased incidence of colorectal cancer. In addition, colorectal cancer shares some cellular and molecular pathways with diabetes target organ damage, exemplified by diabetic kidney disease. These include epithelial cell injury, activation of inflammation and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and iron homeostasis defects, among others. Indeed, some drugs have undergone clinical trials for both cancer and diabetic kidney disease. Genome-wide association studies have identified diabetes-associated genes (e.g. TCF7L2) that may also contribute to colorectal cancer. We review the epidemiological evidence, potential pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic implications of the association between DM and colorectal cancer. Further studies should clarify the worldwide association between DM and colorectal cancer, strengthen the biological plausibility of a cause-and-effect relationship through characterization of the molecular pathways involved, search for specific molecular signatures of colorectal cancer under diabetic conditions, and eventually explore DM-specific strategies to prevent or treat colorectal cancer.
The industrial processing and cold storage of minimally processed tomato juice might produce changes in volatile compounds responsible for the fresh tomato flavour. Many of these changes are related ...to the activity of the enzymes lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL), which are involved in the production of volatile compounds. The aim of this research was to ascertain changes in these enzymes and the major volatile compounds contributors to the fresh and green aroma attributes (aldehydes, alcohols, and lycopene volatile derivatives) in a refrigerated tomato juice, following a standardized industrial short thermal processing (96 °C, 30 s) and during refrigerated shelf-life storage (4 °C, 22 and 40 days). Results showed that, after the heat treatment, residual LOX and HPL activities were reduced in a 97% and 60%, respectively, compared to homogenized fresh tomatoes. The content of the volatile aldehydes hexanal and (
Z
)-3-hexenal decreased substantially from homogenized tomatoes (fresh tomato juice) to short thermal processed juice, however, (
E
)-2-hexenal increased probably by the action of isomerases. The content of the related alcohols, 1-hexenol and (
Z
)-3-hexenol, was increased with processing. The slight increase of the lycopene derived compound 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one during storage (from 0.68 to 0.73 mg L
−1
) could be associated with residual enzymatic activities and lycopene oxidative degradation processes, contributing positively to aroma attributes in the tomato juice. The content of lycopene in this tomato juice (27.25 mg kg
−1
FW) only decreased 8% during storage. Minimizing the elapsed time from the initial tomatoes processing and the short thermal treatment is crucial to avoid volatile compounds degradation, mainly the aldehydes as the main contributors to the fresh aroma of tomato juice. The residual LOX and HPL enzymes activities should be studied in every particular case to avoid non-desirable changes in flavor-related compounds that could modify the final quality of the product.
We present a multidisciplinary study of morphology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, tectonic structure, and physical oceanography to report that the complex geomorphology of the Palomares continental ...margin and adjacent Algerian abyssal plain (i.e., Gulf of Vera, Western Mediterranean), is the result of the sedimentary response to the Aguilas Arc continental tectonic indentation in the Eurasian–Africa plate collision. The indentation is imprinted on the basement of the margin with elongated metamorphic antiforms that are pierced by igneous bodies, and synforms that accommodate the deformation and create a complex physiography. The basement is partially covered by Upper Miocene deposits sealed by the regional Messinian Erosive Surface characterized by palaeocanyons that carve the modern margin. These deposits and outcropping basement highs are then covered and shaped by Plio-Quaternary contourites formed under the action of the Light Intermediate and Dense Deep Mediterranean bottom currents. Even though bottom currents are responsible for the primary sedimentation that shapes the margin, 97% of this region's seafloor is affected by mass-movements that modified contourite sediments by eroding, deforming, faulting, sliding, and depositing sediments. Mass-movement processes have resulted in the formation of recurrent mass-flow deposits, an enlargement of the submarine canyons and gully incisions, and basin-scale gravitational slides spreading above the Messinian Salinity Crisis salt layer. The Polopo, Aguilas and Gata slides are characterized by an extensional upslope domain that shapes the continental margin, and by a downslope contractional domain that shapes the abyssal plain with diapirs piercing (hemi)pelagites/sheet-like turbidites creating a seafloor dotted by numerous crests. The mass movements were mostly triggered by the interplay of the continental tectonic indentation of the Aguilas Arc with sedimentological factors over time. The indentation, which involves the progressively southeastward tectonic tilting of the whole land-sea region, likely generated a quasi-continuous oversteepening of the entire margin, thus reducing the stability of the contourites. In addition, tectonic tilting and subsidence of the abyssal plain favoured the flow of the underlying Messinian Salinity Crisis salt layer, contributing to the gravitational instability of the overlying sediments over large areas of the margin and abyssal plain.
•Basement, Messinian canyons, contourites and mass movements dictate geomorphology.•Mediterranean bottom currents responsible for primary Plio-Quaternary sedimentation•Large-scale gravity-driven slides above Messinian salt deposits are characterized.•Tectonic tilting of the land-sea region triggers recurrent mass movements.•A model of offshore geomorphic responses to inland tectonic indentation is presented.
Glutaminase isoenzymes GLS and GLS2 play apparently opposing roles in cancer: GLS acts as an oncoprotein, while GLS2 (GAB isoform) has context specific tumour suppressive activity. Some microRNAs ...(miRNAs) have been implicated in progression of tumours, including gliomas. The aim was to investigate the effect of GLS and GAB expression on both miRNAs and oxidative status in glioblastoma cells.
Microarray profiling of miRNA was performed in GLS-silenced LN229 and GAB-transfected T98G human glioblastoma cells and their wild-type counterparts. Results were validated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Oxidative status and antioxidant enzymes were determined by spectrophotometric or fluorescence assays in GLS-silenced LN229 and T98G, and GAB-transfected LN229 and T98G.
MiRNA-146a-5p, miRNA-140-3p, miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-1260a, and miRNA-92a-3p were downregulated, and miRNA-1246 was upregulated when GLS was knocked down. MiRNA-140-3p, miRNA-1246, miRNA-1260a, miRNA-21-5p, and miRNA-146a-5p were upregulated when GAB was overexpressed. Oxidative status (lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione levels), as well as antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase) of silenced GLS glioblastoma cells and overexpressed GAB glioblastoma cells significantly changed versus their respective control glioblastoma cells. MiRNA-1246, miRNA-1260a, miRNA-146a-5p, and miRNA-21-5p have been characterized as strong biomarkers of glioblastoma proliferation linked to both GLS silencing and GAB overexpression. Total glutathione is a reliable biomarker of glioblastoma oxidative status steadily associated to both GLS silencing and GAB overexpression.
Glutaminase isoenzymes are related to the expression of some miRNAs and may contribute to either tumour progression or suppression through certain miRNA-mediated pathways, proving to be a key tool to switch cancer proliferation and redox status leading to a less malignant phenotype. Accordingly, GLS and GAB expression are especially involved in glutathione-dependent antioxidant defence.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The elderly population frequently consults the emergency department (ED). This population could have greater use of EDs and hospital health resources. The EDEN cohort of patients aged 65 years or ...older visiting the ED allowed this association to be investigated. To analyse the association between healthcare resource use and the characteristics of patients over 65 years of age who consult hospital EDs. We performed an analysis of the EDEN cohort, a retrospective, analytical, and multipurpose registry that includes patients over 65 years of age who consulted in 52 Spanish EDs. The impact of age, sex, and characteristics of ageing on the following outcomes was studied: need for hospital admission (primary outcome) and need for observation, stay in the ED > 12 h, prolonged hospital stay > 7 days, need for intensive care unit (ICU) and return to the ED at 30 days related to the index visit (secondary outcomes). The association was analysed by calculating the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a logistic regression model. A total of 25,557 patients with a mean age of 78.3 years were analysed, 45% were males. Of note was the presence of comorbidity, a Charlson index ≥ 3 (33%), and polypharmacy (66%). Observation in the ED was required by 26%, 25.4% were admitted to the hospital, and 0.9% were admitted to the ICU. The ED stay was > 12 h in 12.5% and hospital stay > 7 days in 13.5% of cases. There was a progressive increase in healthcare resource use based on age, with an aOR for the need for observation of 2.189 (95% CI 2.038-2.352), ED stay > 12 h 2.136 (95% CI 1.942-2.349) and hospital admission 2.579 (95% CI 2.399-2.772) in the group ≥ 85 years old. Most of the characteristics inherent to ageing (cognitive impairment, falls in the previous 6 months, polypharmacy, functional dependence, and comorbidity) were associated with significant increases in the use of healthcare resources, except for ICU admission, which was less in all the variables studied. Age and the characteristics inherent to ageing are associated with greater use of structural healthcare resources.The elderly population frequently consults the emergency department (ED). This population could have greater use of EDs and hospital health resources. The EDEN cohort of patients aged 65 years or older visiting the ED allowed this association to be investigated. To analyse the association between healthcare resource use and the characteristics of patients over 65 years of age who consult hospital EDs. We performed an analysis of the EDEN cohort, a retrospective, analytical, and multipurpose registry that includes patients over 65 years of age who consulted in 52 Spanish EDs. The impact of age, sex, and characteristics of ageing on the following outcomes was studied: need for hospital admission (primary outcome) and need for observation, stay in the ED > 12 h, prolonged hospital stay > 7 days, need for intensive care unit (ICU) and return to the ED at 30 days related to the index visit (secondary outcomes). The association was analysed by calculating the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a logistic regression model. A total of 25,557 patients with a mean age of 78.3 years were analysed, 45% were males. Of note was the presence of comorbidity, a Charlson index ≥ 3 (33%), and polypharmacy (66%). Observation in the ED was required by 26%, 25.4% were admitted to the hospital, and 0.9% were admitted to the ICU. The ED stay was > 12 h in 12.5% and hospital stay > 7 days in 13.5% of cases. There was a progressive increase in healthcare resource use based on age, with an aOR for the need for observation of 2.189 (95% CI 2.038-2.352), ED stay > 12 h 2.136 (95% CI 1.942-2.349) and hospital admission 2.579 (95% CI 2.399-2.772) in the group ≥ 85 years old. Most of the characteristics inherent to ageing (cognitive impairment, falls in the previous 6 months, polypharmacy, functional dependence, and comorbidity) were associated with significant increases in the use of healthcare resources, except for ICU admission, which was less in all the variables studied. Age and the characteristics inherent to ageing are associated with greater use of structural healthcare resources.
When the World Health Organization declared
COVID-19 as a public health emergency of international
concern, the Spanish Ministry of Health called the
health, labor, social security authorities, Labor ...and Social
Security Inspection, National Institute of Security and
Occupational Health, employers, unions, occupational
risk prevention services, mutual societies and scientific
societies of occupational medicine and nursing, to collaborate
in the control of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2
in companies.
The Occupational Health Group of the Public Health
Commission of the Interterritorial Council of the National
Health System, developed the Procedure for the prevention
of occupational risks in the face of exposure to
SARS-CoV-2, which has been updated 15 times until the
date. It contains the prevention measures to be implemented
in the workplaces: organizational and collective protection,
personal protection, especially vulnerable worker
and risk level, study and management of cases and contacts
that occurred in the company, collaboration in the
management of temporary disability and, more recently,
reincorporation and management of vaccinated workers.
As a result of these cooperation and collaboration frameworks,
a series of activities were deployed in the workplace,
which are described in this article.
Cuando la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró
la COVID-19 como una emergencia de salud pública
de importancia internacional, el Ministerio de Sanidad
convocó a las autoridades sanitarias, laborales, de seguridad
social, Inspección de Trabajo y Seguridad Social,
Instituto Nacional de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo,
empresarios, sindicatos, servicios de prevención de riesgos
laborales, mutuas y sociedades científicas de la medicina
y enfermería del trabajo, para colaborar en el control
de la transmisión del SARS-CoV-2 en el ámbito de las
empresas.
La Ponencia de Salud Laboral de la Comisión de Salud
Pública del Consejo Interterritorial del Sistema Nacional
de Salud, elaboró el Procedimiento para los servicios de
prevención de riesgos laborales frente a la exposición al
SARS-CoV-2, que se ha actualizado 15 veces hasta la fecha.
En él se recogen las medidas de prevención a implantar
en los centros de trabajo: de carácter organizativo
y de protección colectiva, de protección personal, de
trabajador especialmente vulnerable y nivel de riesgo,
de estudio y manejo de casos y contactos ocurridos en la
empresa, de colaboración en la gestión de la incapacidad
temporal y, más recientemente, de reincorporación y gestión
de las y los trabajadores vacunados.
Como resultado de esos marcos de cooperación y colaboración
se desplegaron una serie de actividades en los
lugares de trabajo que son descritas en este artículo.
To investigate the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB; i.e. suicidal ideation, plans or attempts) in the Spanish adult general population during the first wave of the Spain ...coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (March-July, 2020), and to investigate the individual- and population-level impact of relevant distal and proximal STB risk factor domains.
Cross-sectional study design using data from the baseline assessment of an observational cohort study (MIND/COVID project). A nationally representative sample of 3500 non-institutionalised Spanish adults (51.5% female; mean age = 49.6 s.d. = 17.0) was taken using dual-frame random digit dialing, stratified for age, sex and geographical area. Professional interviewers carried out computer-assisted telephone interviews (1-30 June 2020). Thirty-day STB was assessed using modified items from the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Distal (i.e. pre-pandemic) risk factors included sociodemographic variables, number of physical health conditions and pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorders; proximal (i.e. pandemic) risk factors included current mental disorders and a range of adverse events-experiences related to the pandemic. Logistic regression was used to investigate individual-level associations (odds ratios OR) and population-level associations (population attributable risk proportions PARP) between risk factors and 30-day STB. All data were weighted using post-stratification survey weights.
Estimated prevalence of 30-day STB was 4.5% (1.8% active suicidal ideation; n = 5 0.1% suicide attempts). STB was 9.7% among the 34.3% of respondents with pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorders, and 1.8% among the 65.7% without any pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorder. Factors significantly associated with STB were pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorders (total PARP = 49.1%) and current mental disorders (total PARP = 58.4%), i.e. major depressive disorder (OR = 6.0; PARP = 39.2%), generalised anxiety disorder (OR = 5.6; PARP = 36.3%), post-traumatic stress disorder (OR = 4.6; PARP = 26.6%), panic attacks (OR = 6.7; PARP = 36.6%) and alcohol/substance use disorder (OR = 3.3; PARP = 5.9%). Pandemic-related adverse events-experiences associated with STB were lack of social support, interpersonal stress, stress about personal health and about the health of loved ones (PARPs 32.7-42.6%%), and having loved ones infected with COVID-19 (OR = 1.7; PARP = 18.8%). Up to 74.1% of STB is potentially attributable to the joint effects of mental disorders and adverse events-experiences related to the pandemic.
STB at the end of the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 pandemic was high, and large proportions of STB are potentially attributable to mental disorders and adverse events-experiences related to the pandemic, including health-related stress, lack of social support and interpersonal stress. There is an urgent need to allocate resources to increase access to adequate mental healthcare, even in times of healthcare system overload.
NCT04556565.
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