Problems of energy and fresh water shortage become hard challenges facing survival of the human beings. Egypt especially is facing increasing of water supply challenges due to population growth. In ...this study, a new proposed solar adsorption desalination-cooling (ADC) system is designed, built, and tested under Egypt's climate conditions. A commercially available silica gel of about 13.5 kg is used. The Adsorption characteristics of the selected silica gel-water pair are evaluated firstly to design the proposed system. In addition, a theoretical dynamic model is developed to predict the system performance. A good agreement is found between the theoretical and experimental results under different Egypt climate conditions. The results show that, the average specific cooling power is 112 W/kg and average specific daily water production is 4 m3 per ton silica gel with a COP of 0.45. Based on the obtained results, ADC system driven by solar energy proven to be an adequate solution to offer proper alternative to the traditional desalination systems and have promising future in Egypt's climate. However, studies about improving the performance of such system and new designs are still needed.
•Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of silica gel-water have been investigated.•An Adsorption desalination system is studied theoretically using a MATALB code.•A test rig for an adsorption desalination cooling system is designed and built.•The system is powered by solar energy at Egyptian weather.•Experimental results have been validated with the theoretical model.
Adsorption-based desalination attracted increasingly attention due to its ability to co-generate double distilled fresh water and cooling effect using only one heat input. The system employs a ...combination of flash evaporation and thermal compression. This paper presents the current literature review on the dual effect (cooling and desalination) adsorption desalination system (ADS), which is an emerging process of thermal desalination with cooling utilizing low-grade heat source. The paper also presents the adsorbents suitable for adsorption–desalination systems, performance of ADS, and the thermodynamic analysis of the adsorption desalination cycle. A comparison between the stated ADS has been also presented in this study.
•Adsorption desalination cooling system is proposed.•A mathematical model of the system has been conducted.•Optimization of the system is investigated using Modern Optimization.•Optimum conditions ...were detected.•70% increase in system performance using proposed strategy.
The target of this study is to maximize the performance of solar-driven adsorption desalination cooling (SADC) system by defining the optimal operating conditions using a modern optimization algorithm. A mathematical model for the SADC system employing silica gel has been proposed. Then, a robust, simple, and quick optimization algorithm named radial movement optimizer is applied for determining the best operating parameters of the SADC system. The SADC’s decision variables used in the optimization process are cycle time, hot water inlet temperature, cooling water inlet temperature, and flow rate. The performance of the SADC system is evaluated concerning the specific daily water production (SDWP), the coefficient of performance (COP) and specific cooling power (SCP). The optimization process results are compared with their corresponding experimental results. Several sets of the parameters’ constraints that represent different conditions are considered during the optimization process. A 70% increase in SDWP and SCP is achieved by using the optimal operating conditions with no change in the system design or the used materials. An amount of 6.9 m3/day/ton desalinated water, 191 W/kg cooling capacity and 0.961 COP are demonstrated as the possible outputs of the proposed SADC system. This research shows the validity of this optimization technique in exploring all possibilities and showing the best-operating conditions of the SADC system.
•Adsorption desalination cycle using a metal organic framework was tested.•Effect of switching time on the amount of freshwater produced was studied.•Effect of two types of condenser on the amount of ...freshwater produced was assessed.•The cycle produced a freshwater of 9.5 m3/ton/day at an efficiency of 0.46.
The thermally driven adsorption desalination cycle has been considered a promising solution to mitigate the gap between freshwater needs and demands. Silica gel and zeolite are commonly used in the cycle however, they have low capacity. So, metal–organic framework adsorbents have been proposed as a replacement for silica gel and zeolite. Performance of the adsorption desalination cycle using metal–organic framework materials has been extensively investigated numerically with limited available experimental measurements in the open literature. In this work, a lab-scale adsorption desalination cycle using heat recovery was built using a metal organic framework (CPO-27(Ni)) as an adsorbent. Effect of the cycle time, switching time, condenser type, and cooling water temperature is assessed from the viewpoint of the cycle’s specific daily water production and gained output ratio. This investigation aims to specify the optimal cycle time and switching time. The experimental measurements identify that the optimal cycle time and switching time are 12 min and 30 s, respectively. At these conditions, the cycle produces a specific daily water production of 9.5 m3/ton/day at a gained output ratio value of 0.46. Using a coil condenser is found to be more efficient than using a finned-tube condenser. The specific daily water production decreases by 26% and the gained output ratio drops by about 22% when the cooling temperature increases from 15 to 35 °C. The present results indicate the importance of optimizing the operating conditions to achieve higher efficiency.
Summary
Adsorption technology is very attractive for producing desalinated water and cooling with no harmful impact on the environment. The performance of adsorption water applications (desalination ...and cooling) depends on the adsorption characteristics. Many adsorption systems designs were investigated worldwide, employing different adsorbent materials to develop a cost‐effective and high‐performance system. This review presents and summarizes the studies in adsorption and the corresponding applications in desalination and cooling and compares the adsorption properties of composite adsorbents. The review focuses on the composite materials and how they were synthesized while comparing them in terms of the amount of adsorption. The reviewed materials have been classified according to the basic host, such as silica gel, zeolite, carbon, metal‐organic frameworks (MOF), and vermiculite. The review contains more than 70 composites. The maximum reached water vapor uptake is 1.92 kg/kg of PHTS/CaCl2‐20 wt% composite at 0.9 P/Ps. The highest available desorption amount is 1.48 kg/kg of MOF composite for desalination applications and 0.87 kg/kg of vermiculite composite for cooling applications.
Abstract
Adsorption cooling and desalination (ACD) system presents a solution for water, energy, and environmental dilemma. This study expresses an enhancement of adsorption system performance in ...terms of cooling and desalination effects by improving an activated carbon Maxsorb III (Max) as an adsorbent. Max has been initially treated with HCl. Then, it has been activated by impregnating it in salt hydrates ((NH
4
)
2
CO
3
). Characterization methods, including XRD, N
2
and water adsorption isotherm, and water adsorption kinetics have been conducted for raw Max, treated Max, and activated Max with (NH
4
)
2
CO
3
. The experimental values have been fitted with the Dubinin & Astakhov equilibrium model for isotherm and the model of linear driving force for kinetics. These fitted parameters have been utilized in a previously validated model to estimate adsorption cooling-desalination system performance with and without heat recovery. Max/(NH
4
)
2
CO
3
achieves a water uptake of 0.53 kg
H2O
.kg
-1
. Max/(NH
4
)
2
CO
3
produces 13.2 m
3
.ton
-1
of freshwater per day with a specific cooling power of 373 W.kg
-1
and 0.63 COP. Also, the freshwater reaches 22.5 m
3
.ton
-1
of Max/(NH
4
)
2
CO
3
per day with condenser-evaporator heat recovery. These results indicate the potential of utilizing the Max material in dual cooling and desalination applications to achieve double what silica gel can offer.
•Experimental Adsorption isotherms and kinetics of CuSO4 have been studied.•Fitting the experimental results with famous equations has been presented.•Theoretical model employing CuSO4 in adsorption ...desalination cooling has been conducted.•Optimizing the performance of the adsorption desalination with different operating conditions has been studied.
In this study benefits of employing copper sulfate salt hydrate with water vapor as a new adsorption pair in thermally driven adsorption desalination-cooling systems (ADCSs) have been investigated. Adsorption characteristics (isotherm and kinetic) of copper sulfate/water vapor pair have been presented in this study within temperature range of 25–55 °C. Sun-Chakraborty (S-C) and Dubinin-Astakhov (D-A) models have been used for fitting isotherms results, while linear driving force (LDF) model has been used for the kinetics results. Experimental adsorption capacity of water vapor onto copper sulfate is found to be around 0.51 kg/kg at 25 °C. Activation energy (Ea) and the pre-exponential coefficient (Dso) are estimated to be 25.053 kJ/mol and 1.89 × 10−7 m2/s respectively. A theoretical model for an ADCS has been investigated employing copper sulfate as adsorbent material. The proposed system can produce specific daily water production about 8.2 m3 per ton of copper sulfate, 227 W/kg of copper sulfate specific cooling power and 0.57 coefficient of performance. The performance of the modeled system indicates that the proposed system can be driven efficiently by renewable energy such as solar energy.
•Solar adsorption desalination-cooling system is investigated theoretically.•TRNSYS software connecting to MATLAB software is used in simulation.•The investigated system is driven by Egyptian ...weather.•Performance analysis for investigated system around the year is presented.
Effect of employing solar hybrid adsorption desalination-cooling system (ADCS) at the Egyptian weather has been investigated using TRNSYS software employing meteorological data of Assiut city at Egypt. A theoretical model of a semi continues hybrid ADCS employing silica gel-water has been used. Maximum specific daily water production (SDWP) is found to be about 10m3/ton of silica gel. Moreover, maximum coefficient of performance and specific cooling power of the system are about 0.5 and 134W/kg respectively. The desalinated water product and cooling effect has been found to be increased with increasing the daily solar radiation. It has been concluded that hybrid ADCS can be driven efficiently by using solar energy of the Egyptian weather.
Intake, pretreatment and brine disposal cost of reverse osmosis sea water desalination systems represent about 25% of total cost of the desalinated water. The present study investigates effect of ...reverse osmosis brine recycling employing adsorption desalination on overall system desalinated water recovery. The adsorption desalination produces dual useful effects which are high quality potable water and cooling effect. Reverse osmosis desalination is simulated by engineering equation solver (EES). The brine leaving reverse osmosis system is fed to adsorption desalination system. The adsorption desalination is driven by a low temperature heat source such as solar energy. The adsorption desalination system has been simulated by MATLAB. Results show that the proposed combination system recovery increases and permeate salinity decreases. In addition to system performance improvements, a cooling effect is generated and can be utilized for cooling applications.
•An innovative combination between RO and AD desalination systems has been proposed.•RO brine is recycled by employing adsorption desalination.•The proposed system has been studied theoretically by using a MATALB code.
Global warming and climate change, accompanied and assisted by rapid economic and population growth, are causing a sharp rise in cooling demands and stressing the already-limited supply of freshwater ...for many countries worldwide, especially those developing under hot-climate conditions. Thus, it is imperative to find solutions to meet cooling and freshwater needs without negatively affecting the environment and exacerbating the global warming problem. Solar-driven hybrid desalination/cooling technologies are a promising solution that can help in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing overall efficiency and energy savings. The present study summarizes research efforts in meeting cooling and freshwater demands using the available solar resources. Various solar desalination technologies, such as multi-effect distillation (MED), single and multi-stage flash (MSF), reverse osmosis (RO), adsorption, absorption desalination, and membrane distillation (MD), and their integration with different cooling technologies, are reported. The study reported system performance indicators, such as water production rate, cooling capacity, Coefficient of Performance, and freshwater cost.
