We present accretion disk structure measurements from continuum lags in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project. Lags are measured using the JAVELIN software from the ...first-year SDSS-RM g and i photometry, resulting in well-defined lags for 95 quasars, 33 of which have lag S/N > 2 . We also estimate lags using the ICCF software and find consistent results, though with larger uncertainties. Accretion disk structure is fit using a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach, parameterizing the measured continuum lags as a function of disk size normalization, wavelength, black hole mass, and luminosity. In contrast with previous observations, our best-fit disk sizes and color profiles are consistent (within 1.5 ) with the Shakura & Sunyaev analytic solution. We also find that more massive quasars have larger accretion disks, similarly consistent with the analytic accretion disk model. The data are inconclusive on a correlation between disk size and continuum luminosity, with results that are consistent with both no correlation and the Shakura & Sunyaev expectation. The continuum lag fits have a large excess dispersion, indicating that our measured lag errors are underestimated and/or our best-fit model may be missing the effects of orientation, spin, and/or radiative efficiency. We demonstrate that fitting disk parameters using only the highest-S/N lag measurements biases best-fit disk sizes to be larger than the disk sizes recovered using a Bayesian approach on the full sample of well-defined lags.
We report the synthesis and full characterization of a novel series of indole‐derived triazolium salts and their corresponding triazolylidene gold, palladium, rhodium, and iridium complexes. All new ...compounds were fully characterized by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, and in the case of triazoliums 1 and 2 and complexes 3, 4, and 9, by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Gold complexes demonstrated a good catalytic performance in the hydrohydrazination of terminal alkynes producing a series of substituted hydrazones in good yields under mild reaction conditions. Additionally, the iridium complex (9) performed well in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes using isopropanol as hydrogen source.
The synthesis of a novel series of indole‐functionalized 1,2,3‐triazolylidene metal complexes is reported. Catalytic applications in the hydrohydrazination of terminal alkynes and transfer hydrogenation reactions are discussed.
Abstract
We present the results of a pilot Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging study of the host galaxies of ten quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project. ...Probing more than an order of magnitude in black hole (BH) and stellar masses, our sample is the first statistical sample to study the BH–host correlations beyond
z
> 0.3 with reliable BH masses from reverberation mapping rather than from single-epoch spectroscopy. We perform image decomposition in two HST bands (UVIS-F606W and IR-F110W) to measure host colors and estimate stellar masses using empirical relations between broadband colors and the mass-to-light ratio. The stellar masses of our targets are mostly dominated by a bulge component. The BH masses and stellar masses of our sample broadly follow the same correlations found for local RM active galactic nuclei and quiescent bulge-dominant galaxies, with no strong evidence of evolution in the
relation to
z
∼ 0.6. We further compare the host light fraction from HST imaging decomposition to that estimated from spectral decomposition. We find a good correlation between the host fractions derived with both methods. However, the host fraction derived from spectral decomposition is systematically smaller than that from imaging decomposition by ∼30%, indicating different systematics in both approaches. This study paves the way for upcoming more ambitious host galaxy studies of quasars with direct RM-based BH masses at high redshift.
•Reliability and reproducibility of dental measurements has been assessed.•Validity of dental measurements obtained from 3D digital model has been assessed.•3D digital models are appropriate for ...recording dentitions with forensic purposes.
The aims of this study were to assess the reliability, reproducibility and validity of mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements comparing these measurements collected using an electronic hand-held digital calliper, on dry dentitions and on dental casts, with measurements obtained from 3D digital models created using a portable intra-oral scanner.
The mesiodistal and buccolingual diameter of the crown of 1304 teeth were measured on dry dentitions and on dental casts, and secondly on 3D digital models created using an intra-oral 3D scanner. Reliability, reproducibility and validity were evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Bland-Altman graphic method.
The results of the intraclass correlation coefficient expressed an excellent degree of agreement in the intra- and inter-observer error analysis, as well as in the comparison of the mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions taken with the calliper and those taken in digital 3D models. The results of the Bland-Altman method showed that the greatest differences were found in the mesiodistal diameter of the molars and in the buccolingual diameter of the upper premolars.
Mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements obtained from digital 3D models are suitable for recording dentitions for forensic purposes.
Abstract
The increase of CO2 in the atmosphere may produce some effects on drinking water because water tends to naturally capture CO2 species. The main purpose was the study of the impact of capture ...of free CO2 and its transformation to carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate ions (HCO−3). The study used a Tillmans equilibrium diagram obtained from the modified Mojmir Mach model as a function of water temperature and considered the effects on anion and cation composition. Three wells located in different zones were selected, with similar characteristics (capture of CO2). Samples were taken in different seasons of the year and the amount of CO2 in the drinking water was calculated. It was found that with increasing concentrations of free CO2 the pH decreases, and this process makes the water acid and susceptible to dissolve some elements (Ca, Na, K, Si) and other species (HCO−3). The capture of CO2 has important effects on the anion and cation composition of drinking water and on the variation of pH by more than one unit, which may affect the health of consumers. The method presented in this study is an excellent user-friendly alternative to determine the impact of natural capture of total CO2 by water.
The East Pacific (EP) leatherback population is listed by the IUCN Red List of Threatened species as Critically Endangered. Despite conservation efforts, mainly focused around nesting areas, its ...population has declined by over 90% since the 1980s. The major current threat is fisheries bycatch, but its impact has been primary documented within South American migration and foraging habitats, with scarce information from nesting or interesting areas. To assess the impact of small-scale fisheries on EP leatherbacks inhabiting waters north of the equator we conducted rapid bycatch assessments (surveys) in 5 countries (México, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panamá and Colombia), some of which host the main EP leatherback nesting areas. A total of 1,778 surveys were conducted across 79 fishing ports (México = 37, Nicaragua = 6, Costa Rica = 5, Panamá = 17 and Colombia = 14). Leatherback bycatch was reported in all countries, and in 54% of ports surveyed by 7% (n = 125) of fishers interviewed. Surveys enabled identification of areas near nesting beaches (e.g. inter-nesting habitats) where leatherback bycatch was higher and periods during which fisheries interactions events were more frequent. Bycatch events were most frequently reported in gillnets and longlines using “J” hook. Data were scaled up across fishing fleets to estimate that 345 (± 210) individual leatherbacks are caught annually in the ports surveyed. Our study provides a first evaluation of leatherback bycatch by small-scale fisheries in countries of the eastern Pacific Ocean where leatherbacks nest, and it highlights areas close to index nesting beaches where conservation efforts targeting bycatch reduction and bycatch mortality may be focused.
Leptin is secreted by adipose tissue and expressed in several organs, including the placenta. We investigated the influence of leptin in maternal blood on leptin expression and concentration in the ...placenta and umbilical cord and its influence on fetal weight and conditions at the time of birth. Twenty-five parturients were recruited, and after childbirth, placental tissue fragments, umbilical arteries, and vein blood were collected. According to leptin concentration in maternal peripheral blood, parturients were divided into low and high leptin groups. Mothers in the high-leptin group had higher age, pre-pregnancy weight, pre-pregnancy BMI, and weight in late pregnancy than mothers in the low-leptin group. Children of mothers in the high-leptin group presented an Apgar score modestly lower than those of the low-leptin group. No differences were observed in leptin concentrations in the umbilical artery and vein. However, the leptin retained in the fetus increased in the high-leptin group compared to the low-leptin group. We observed a negative correlation between fetal leptin retained and maternal age in the low-leptin group. In the high-leptin group, placental leptin concentration was positively correlated with maternal weight in late pregnancy. Nonetheless, the expression of the leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) was negatively correlated with newborn length. In conclusion, this study found a positive correlation between maternal leptin levels and maternal pre-pregnancy weight, BMI, and fetal birth weight. These findings suggest a potential role of leptin in maternal weight regulation during pregnancy and fetal growth.
Corrosion problems having to do with drinking water distribution systems are related to many processes and factors and two of them are ionic acidity and carbon dioxide, which were considered in this ...work. The corrosion character of water is determined by the corrosion indexes of Langelier, Ryznar, Larson, and Mojmir. The results show that pipes made of different materials, such as plastics or metals, are affected by corrosion, causing manganese to be deposited on materials and dissolved in water. The deterioration of the materials, the degree of corrosion, and the deposited corrosion products were determined by X-ray diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. High levels of manganese and nitrate ions in water may cause serious damage to the health of consumers of water. Three wells were examined, one of them presented a high content of manganese; the others had high levels of nitrate ions, which increased the acidity of the water and, therefore, the amount of corrosion of the materials in the distribution systems.
► Corrosion of distribution systems affects the quality of drinking water. ► Corrosion in water distribution systems is related to acidity and carbon dioxide. ► Pipes are corroded and manganese is deposited on pipes and dissolved in water. ► The deterioration of the pipes and the corrosion products were determined. ► Nitrate ions increase the acidity of water in the wells.
We present the results of a pilot Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging study of the host galaxies of ten quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project. Probing ...more than an order of magnitude in BH and stellar masses, our sample is the first statistical sample to study the BH-host correlations beyond z>0.3 with reliable BH masses from reverberation mapping rather than from single-epoch spectroscopy. We perform image decomposition in two HST bands (UVIS-F606W and IR-F110W) to measure host colors and estimate stellar masses using empirical relations between broad-band colors and the mass-to-light ratio. The stellar masses of our targets are mostly dominated by a bulge component. The BH masses and stellar masses of our sample broadly follow the same correlations found for local RM AGN and quiescent bulge-dominant galaxies, with no strong evidence of evolution in the M_BH-M_*,bulge relation to z~0.6. We further compare the host light fraction from HST imaging decomposition to that estimated from spectral decomposition. We found a good correlation between the host fractions derived with both methods. However, the host fraction derived from spectral decomposition is systematically smaller than that from imaging decomposition by ~30%, indicating different systematics in both approaches. This study paves the way for upcoming more ambitious host galaxy studies of quasars with direct RM-based BH masses at high redshift.
We present accretion-disk structure measurements from continuum lags in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project. Lags are measured using the \texttt{JAVELIN} software ...from the first-year SDSS-RM \(g\) and \(i\) photometry, resulting in well-defined lags for 95 quasars, 33 of which have lag SNR \(>\) 2\(\sigma\). We also estimate lags using the \texttt{ICCF} software and find consistent results, though with larger uncertainties. Accretion-disk structure is fit using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach, parameterizing the measured continuum lags as a function of disk size normalization, wavelength, black hole mass, and luminosity. In contrast with previous observations, our best-fit disk sizes and color profiles are consistent (within 1.5~\(\sigma\)) with the \citet{SS73} analytic solution. We also find that more massive quasars have larger accretion disks, similarly consistent with the analytic accretion-disk model. The data are inconclusive on a correlation between disk size and continuum luminosity, with results that are consistent with both no correlation and with the \citet{SS73} expectation. The continuum lag fits have a large excess dispersion, indicating that our measured lag errors are underestimated and/or our best-fit model may be missing the effects of orientation, spin, and/or radiative efficiency. We demonstrate that fitting disk parameters using only the highest-SNR lag measurements biases best-fit disk sizes to be larger than the disk sizes recovered using a Bayesian approach on the full sample of well-defined lags.
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