Introduction
During COVID 19 epidemic it has been interesting to observe the gradual transformation of the daily routine into death, sorrow and pain. The moment of transition from life to death was ...really changed by distressing for survivors who had to face with unexpected ways to live their mourning.
Objectives
The paper would like to analyze the mounring ritual during COVID 19 epidemic.
Methods
During COVID 19 tragedy victims and survivors have been first associated by the infection and then dramatically separated by its effects. It has been necessary to re-relaborate new procedures of separation from deceased, as far for laws prohibitions it was no longer possible to use the traditional ones.
Results
So a leaving “ritual” re-emerged very similar to the “crying ritual” of the Southern Italy folkloric culture. The traditional wailers have been substitued by the windows flash mobs trying to replace the forced absence of “pietas”, with a moment of positive sharing of physical distance between life and death, using sounds, songs, tools that always, in farming culture help to exorcise and take away death.
Conclusions
The relevant starting powerlessness to face the fast disease diffusion, its intrinsic seriousness, inspired surprising capabilities of immediate reaction and active mobilization in response to the attack suffered by Koerper and Leib (in Heidegger sense) which actualized in the research of a new “separation” dimension. In the end, as psychiatrists, we have to notice how this collectivization practice is actually a big distress container and wonder where and how this distress will finally arrive
Abstract Background The high rate of stoma placement during emergency laparotomy for secondary peritonitis is a paradigm in need of change in the current fast-track surgical setting. Despite growing ...evidence for the feasibility of primary bowel reconstruction in a peritonitic environment, little data substantiate a surgeons’ choice between a stoma and an anastomosis. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to identify pre- and intraoperative parameters that predict the leakage risk for enteric sutures placed during source control surgery (SCS) for secondary peritonitis. Methods Between January 2014 and December 2020, 497 patients underwent SCS for secondary peritonitis, of whom 187 received a primary reconstruction of the lower gastro-intestinal tract without a diverting stoma. In 47 (25.1%) patients postoperative leakage of the enteric sutures was directly confirmed during revision surgery or by computed tomography. Quantifiable predictors of intestinal suture outcome were detected by multivariate analysis. Results Length of intensive care, in-hospital mortality and failure of release to the initial home environment were significantly higher in patients with enteric suture leakage following SCS compared to patients with intact anastomoses ( p < 0.0001, p = 0.0026 and p =0.0009, respectively). Reduced serum choline esterase (sCHE) levels and a high extent of peritonitis were identified as independent risk factors for insufficiency of enteric sutures placed during emergency laparotomy. Conclusions A preoperative sCHE < 4.5 kU/L and generalized fecal peritonitis associate with a significantly higher incidence of enteric suture insufficiency after primary reconstruction of the lower gastro-intestinal tract in a peritonitic abdomen. These parameters may guide surgeons when choosing the optimal surgical procedure in the emergency setting.
Microbial consortia are effective biofilters to treat wastewaters, allowing for resource recovery and water remediation. To reuse and save water in the domestic cycle, we assembled a suspended ...biofilm, a 'biofilter' to treat dishwasher wastewater. Bacterial monocultures of both photo- and heterotrophs were assembled in an increasingly complex fashion to test their nutrient stripping capacity. This 'biofilter' is the core of an integrated system (Zero Mile System) devoted to reusing and upcycling of reconditioned wastewater, partly in subsequent dishwasher cycles and partly into a vertical garden for plant food cultivation. The biofilter was assembled based on a strain of the photosynthetic, filamentous cyanobacterium Trichormus variabilis, selected to produce an oxygen evolving scaffold, and three heterotrophic aerobic bacterial isolates coming from the dishwasher wastewater itself: Acinetobacter, Exiguobacterium and Pseudomonas spp. The consortium was constructed starting with 16 isolates tested one-to-one with T. variabilis and then selecting the heterotrophic microbes up to a final one-to-three consortium, which included two dominant and a rare component of the wastewater community. This consortium thrives in the wastewater much better than T. variabilis alone, efficiently stripping N and P in short time, a pivotal step for the reuse and saving of water in household appliances.
Aims
Sporadic inclusion body myositis (s‐IBM) is characterized by rimmed vacuole formation and misfolded protein accumulation. Intracellular protein aggregates are cleared by autophagy. When ...autophagy is blocked aggregates accumulate, resulting in abnormal rimmed vacuole formation. This study investigated the autophagy–lysosome pathway contribution to rimmed vacuole accumulation.
Methods
Autophagy was studied in muscle biopsy specimens obtained from eleven s‐IBM patients, one suspected hereditary IBM patient, nine patients with other inflammatory myopathies and nine non‐myopathic patients as controls. The analysis employed morphometric methods applied to immunohistochemistry using the endosome marker Clathrin, essential proteins of the autophagic cascade such as AuTophaGy‐related protein ATG5, splicing variants of microtubule‐associated protein light chain 3a (LC3a) and LC3b, compared with Beclin 1, the major autophagy regulator of both the initiation phase and late endosome/lysosome fusion of the autophagy–lysosome pathway.
Results
In muscle biopsies of s‐IBM patients, an increased expression of Clathrin, ATG5, LC3a, LC3b and Beclin 1 was shown. Moreover, the inflammatory components of the disease, essentially lymphocytes, were preferentially distributed around the Beclin 1+ myofibres. These affected myofibres also showed a moderate sarcoplasmic accumulation of SMI‐31+ phospho‐tau paired helical filaments.
Conclusion
The overexpression of autophagy markers linked to the decreased clearance of misfolded proteins, including SMI‐31, and rimmed vacuoles accumulation may exhaust cellular resources and lead to cell death.
•No internal controls exist for the digestion test to detect Trichinella larvae.•Methods based on digestion tests need to be monitored overtime.•Proficiency testing enables laboratories to assess ...their competence.•Participation at sequential proficiency testing increases analyst’s performance.•There is a good consumer protection for Trichinella in the European Union.
According to the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1375 (replacing the Commission Regulation (EC) No 2075/2005), all animals, which are potential carriers of Trichinella spp. larvae, should be tested at the slaughterhouse or game-handling establishments according to one of the approved tests. One of the core duties of the European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites is to organize proficiency testing (PT), as stated in the Commission Regulation (EC) No. 882/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The aim of this work was to evaluate the results of PTs of the digestion method carried out by the National Reference Laboratories for Parasites (NRLPs) over a nine year period (2007–2015). Participating laboratories received a panel of samples consisting in 35g or 100g of minced pork or horse meat spiked with Trichinella spiralis live larvae. The number of spiked samples varied from 2 to 9 over the years. A negative control was also included in the panel, except during the 2015 PT, when only positive samples were used. The percentage of NRLPs, which passed the PT, increased from 83.3% in 2007 to 100% in 2014. Considering the number of recovered larvae, the heterogeneity in participant’s results reduced overtime. The values of the overall mean difference between spiked and recovered larvae decreased during the study period, witnessing a general improvement of NRLPs performance and confirming the effectiveness of PT for a good performance of this test.
To compare the accuracy of bone marrow biopsy (BMb) and positron emission tomography (PET) in bone marrow disease (BMD) detection, in a large multicentre population of patients with new diagnosis of ...malignant lymphoma.
PET and BMb were performed to complete disease staging in 337 consecutive patients: 130 Hodgkin's disease (HD), 207 aggressive non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of both techniques in BMD detection were evaluated and compared.
87 patients with BMD (25 positives at both exams, 27 only at the BMb and 35 only at the PET study). PET vs. BMb were reordered: sensitivity: 69% vs. 59.8%; specificity: 99.2% vs. 100%; accuracy: 91.4% vs. 89.6%; positive predictive value: 96.8% vs. 100%; negative predictive value: 90.2% vs. 87.7%.
The sensitivity of PET and BMb is similar (69% and 60%, respectively), PET and BMb are complementary: in fact out of 87 patients with confirmed BMD only 25 are positive at both exams, while 27 only at the BMb and 35 only at the PET exam; the integration of PET findings with BMb ones increases the diagnostic accuracy. Consequentially PET is essential during the staging of malignant lymphomas.
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