The AcPase exhibits a specific activity of 31.32 U/mg of protein with a 728-fold purification, and the yield of the enzyme is raised to 3.15 %. The Zn2+-dependent AcPase showed a purification factor ...of 1.34 specific activity of 14 U/mg of proteins and a total recovery of 5.14. The SDS-PAGE showed a single band corresponding to a molecular weight of 18 kDa of AcPase and 29 kDa of Zn2+-dependent AcPase. The AcPase enzyme has shown a wide range of substrate specificity for p-NPP, phenyl phosphate and FMN, while in the case of ZnAcPase α and β-Naphthyl phosphate and p-NPP were proved to be superior substrates. The divalent metal ions like Mg2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+ increased the activity, while other substrates decreased the enzyme activity. The Km (0.14 mM) and Vmax (21 μmol/min/mg) values of AcPase were higher than those of Zn2+-AcPase (Km = 0.5 mM; Vmax = 9.7 μmol/min/mg). The Zn2+ ions activate the Zn2+-AcPase while Fe3+, Al3+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ showed inhibition on enzyme activity. Molybdate, vanadate and phosphate were found to be competitive inhibitors of AcPase with Ki values 316 μM, 185 μM, and 1.6 mM, while in Zn2+-AcPase tartrate and phosphate also showed competitive inhibition with Ki values 3 mM and 0.5 mM respectively.
•A novel Acid phosphatases and zinc dependent acid phosphatases were purified from chicken’s brain.•AcPase and zinc-dependent AcPase showed a single protein band on SDS-PAGE corresponding to molecular weights of about 18 kDa and 29 kDa.•The Acid phosphatase and zinc dependent AcPases were optimally active at 45 °C pH 6.0.•The Km of zinc-dependent AcPase and AcPase has been determined to be 0.5 mM and 0.14 mM, respectively. The Vmax 7 μmol/min/mg of protein and 21 μmol/min/mg of protein.
Channels filled with coarse‐grained sands are one of the hot issues in stratigraphic explorations. However, the sub‐surface uncertainty restricts the prediction of porous channel sandstones using the ...conventional seismic attributes, which is a concern for the demarcation of stratigraphic plays. The amplitude‐based frequency attributes and seismic‐petrophysical simulation tools were applied to characterize the fluvial channel system from the Indus Basin, Pakistan. The conventional amplitude of the Basal Sand Formation shows limited imaging ability to detect the dimensions of channel‐levee and point bars. The continuous wavelet transforms (CWT) tool distinguishes the whole channel‐levee reservoir system at tuning frequencies of 21, 25, 29, and 34 Hz. The amplitudes extracted along the pseudo‐porosity wells depict the low‐density and low‐velocity profiles within the gas‐bearing zones. The zone between 20% and 30% porosity displays low‐density and low‐velocity compartments within the point bars. Hence, it implicates the zone of deposition for hydrocarbon‐bearing fluvial facies. Based on the porosity constraint, the gas‐bearing fluvial reservoirs have high (>25%) porosity, which implicates the development of aggradational parasequences. The oil‐dominated sandstone facies experience relatively low‐porosity of <12% and negligibly high density and high velocity, which implicates the development of transgressive parasequences. The reservoir system shows an eastward shale‐out zone, where the high‐density and high‐velocity shales mask the channel‐levee systems. Consequently, these stratigraphic configurations are developing into a cost‐effective stratigraphic trap, and hence, this exploration scheme serves as an analogue for global fluvial depositional systems.
The zone between 20% and 30% porosity displays low‐density and low‐velocity compartments within the point bars, and hereafter, authorizes the occurrence of porous fluvial facies.
The gas‐bearing fluvial reservoirs have high (>25%) porosity, which implicates the development of aggradational parasequences.
The oil‐dominated sandstone facies experience relatively low‐porosity of <12% and negligibly high density and high velocity, which implicates the development of transgressive parasequences.
Invasive alien species (IAS) are considered as the second major threat to biodiversity after habitat destruction worldwide. They are aggressive competitors and dominate an ecosystem where they ...introduce and cause reduction in indigenous diversity. Invasive plants alter the evolutionary pathways of native species by competition, niche displacement, hybridization, introgression, predation, and ultimately extinction of native species. Biological invasion also results in economic and environmental damage and harm to human health. Invasive plants have an effective reproductive as well as dispersal mechanisms. Most invasive plants produce abundant fruits and seeds that are widely disseminated and remain viable in the soil for several years. Invasive plants may change their seed character in order to adapt themselves to the new environment and facilitate their performance. A study on seed coat sculpturing in invasive alien plants collected from Lesser Himalaya region, Pakistan, was conducted using scanning electron microscope to determine the importance of seed morphological characters as an additional tool for identification. Quantitative characters such as seed length and width, macromorphological characters including color, hilum position, and seed shape, and micromorphological characters of seed including surface patterns and periclinal and anticlinal wall of seeds were studied. Findings at the present indicate that most of the seeds were found spherical followed by ovate and elliptical in shape with smooth surface and showed terminal hilum. Almost reticulate seed patterns were observed in seeds. Majority of seeds showed raised anticlinal walls with protuberance periclinal walls. The seeds of Xanthium strumarium were observed with maximum length of 13 mm and with width of 8 mm. Length by width ratio of seeds was also calculated; it was found that maximum L/W ratio was observed in Sonchus oleraceus L., i.e., 2.66. Seed characters, both macro- and micromorphological, furnish useful data for classification and delimitation of invasive taxa. This study will help to understand the invasion mechanism in plants due to variations in seed surface, shape, and other characters. Adaptive behavior of the seed during the invasion process of the new ecosystem is also elaborated.
We report the results of clinical exome sequencing (CES) on >2,200 previously unpublished Saudi families as a first-tier test. The predominance of autosomal-recessive causes allowed us to make ...several key observations. We highlight 155 genes that we propose to be recessive, disease-related candidates. We report additional mutational events in 64 previously reported candidates (40 recessive), and these events support their candidacy. We report recessive forms of genes that were previously associated only with dominant disorders and that have phenotypes ranging from consistent with to conspicuously distinct from the known dominant phenotypes. We also report homozygous loss-of-function events that can inform the genetics of complex diseases. We were also able to deduce the likely causal variant in most couples who presented after the loss of one or more children, but we lack samples from those children. Although a similar pattern of mostly recessive causes was observed in the prenatal setting, the higher proportion of loss-of-function events in these cases was notable. The allelic series presented by the wealth of recessive variants greatly expanded the phenotypic expression of the respective genes. We also make important observations about dominant disorders; these observations include the pattern of de novo variants, the identification of 74 candidate dominant, disease-related genes, and the potential confirmation of 21 previously reported candidates. Finally, we describe the influence of a predominantly autosomal-recessive landscape on the clinical utility of rapid sequencing (Flash Exome). Our cohort’s genotypic and phenotypic data represent a unique resource that can contribute to improved variant interpretation through data sharing.
There is a paucity of evidence about the prevalence and risk factors for symptomatic infection among children. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 ...(COVID-19) and its risk factors in children and adolescents aged 0–18 years in Qatar. We conducted a cross-sectional study of all children aged 0–18 years diagnosed with COVID-19 using polymerase chain reaction in Qatar during the period 1st March to 31st July 2020. A generalised linear model with a binomial family and identity link was used to assess the association between selected factors and the prevalence of symptomatic infection. A total of 11 445 children with a median age of 8 years (interquartile range (IQR) 3–13 years) were included in this study. The prevalence of symptomatic COVID-19 was 36.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 35.7–37.5), and it was similar between children aged <5 years (37.8%), 5–9 years (34.3%) and 10 + years (37.3%). The most frequently reported symptoms among the symptomatic group were fever (73.5%), cough (34.8%), headache (23.2%) and sore throat (23.2%). Fever (82.8%) was more common in symptomatic children aged <5 years, while cough (38.7%) was more prevalent in those aged 10 years or older, compared to other age groups. Variables associated with an increased risk of symptomatic infection were; contact with confirmed cases (RD 0.21; 95% CI 0.20–0.23; P = 0.001), having visited a health care facility (RD 0.54; 95% CI 0.45–0.62; P = 0.001), and children aged under 5 years (RD 0.05; 95% CI 0.02–0.07; P = 0.001) or aged 10 years or older (RD 0.04; 95% CI 0.02–0.06; P = 0.001). A third of the children with COVID-19 were symptomatic with a higher proportion of fever in very young children and a higher proportion of cough in those between 10 and 18 years of age.
Investigation of alternative energy sources is need of current time due to growing power crisis and associated environmental issues. Biodiesel is considered as sustainable power source and promising ...alternative to fossil fuels. Therefore, our current investigation aimed to identify micromorphological characters of 10 novel nonedible oil‐yielding seeds through scanning electron microscopy. It was revealed from light microscopic study that there is variation in seed size from 3 to 15 mm in length and 2 to 11 mm in width. Likewise, a huge variation in color was observed such as light green, greenish yellow, blackish brown, and various shades of brown. Presence and absence of Hilum was observed, and compression of seeds varied from depressed, lateral, and dorsoventral. Seed's shape differs from ovate, clavate, triangular ovate, cuneiform, ovoid, and elliptical shape. Seed oil content fall in range of 18–58% (wt/wt). Free fatty acid content of the seeds varies from 0.3 to 3.1 mg KOH/g. Ultrastructure of seeds exhibited huge variation in shape, size, periclinal wall, anticlinal wall, and surface ornamentation. Nonedible seeds varied in wall structure from angular, wavy, dentate entire, irregular, puzzled, elongated, even, and polygonal. The periclinal wall arrangements show alteration from flat, looped, raised, depressed, lofty, even, pentagonal, polygonal, and undulate seed margins. Outcomes of this investigation recommended that scanning electron microscopy could act as a helpful tool in disclosing the hidden micromorphological characters among nonedible oil‐yielding seeds and subsequently helping in correct, authentic seed identification and classification as potential feedstock for biodiesel.
Investigation of alternative energy sources is need of current time due to growing power crisis and associated environmental issues.
Nonedible seeds varied in wall structure from angular, wavy, dentate entire, irregular, puzzled, elongated, even, and polygonal.
Outcomes of this investigation recommended that scanning electron microscopy could act as a helpful tool in disclosing the hidden micromorphological characters among nonedible oil‐yielding seeds and subsequently helping in correct, authentic seed identification and classification as potential feedstock for biodiesel.
Biodiesel is a promising, bio‐based, renewable, nontoxic, environment friendly, and alternative fuel for petroleum derived fuels which helps to reduce dependency on conventional fossil fuels. In this ...study, six novel, nonedible seed oil producing feedstock were explored for their potential for sustainable production of biodiesel. It is very important to correctly identify oil yielding plant species. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used as reliable tool for authentic identification of oil yielding seeds. Macromorphological characters of seeds were studied with light microscopy (LM). Outcomes of LM of seeds exposed distinctive variation in seed size from 16.3 to 3.2 mm in length and 12.4 to 0.9 mm in width, shape varied from oval to triangular, and color from black to light brown. Oil content of nonedible seed ranged from 25 to 30% (w/w). Free fatty acid content of seed oil varied from 0.32 to 2.5 mg KOH/g. Moreover, ultra structural study of seeds via SEM showed variation in surface sculpturing, cell arrangement, cell shape, periclinal wall shape, margins, protuberances, and anticlinal wall shape. Surface sculpturing varied from rugged, reticulate, varrucose, papillate, and striate. Periclinal wall arrangements confirmed variation from rough, wavy, raised, depressed, smooth, and elevated whereas, anticlinal walls pattern showed variation from profuse undulating, smooth, raised, grooved, deep, curved, and depressed. It was concluded that SEM could be a latent and advanced technique in unveiling hidden micromorphological characters of nonedible oil yielding seeds which delivers valuable information to researchers and indigenous people for precise and authentic identification and recognition.
Nonedible oil seeds as promising source for biodiesel production.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as useful tool for getting information about ultrastructural features of seeds.
Micromorphological characters extensively varied among selected plant species.
Examined micromorphological characters help in accurate identification of nonedible oil yielding plants.
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