The work described here deals with the effectiveness of using high-pressure carbon dioxide treatment (HPCD) to stabilise freshly squeezed blood orange juice. Technical planning of a continuous ...high-pressure supercritical carbon dioxide pilot system, suitable for development on an industrial scale, was carried out in our lab. To determine the optimal operating conditions (temperature, pressure, and CO
2/juice ratio), three different experimental trials were carried out. The first trial was conducted at 230
bar, 36
±
1
°C, 5.08
L/h juice flow rate, and 3.91
L/h CO
2 flow rate, corresponding to a g
CO2/g
juice ratio of 0.770. The second trial utilised the same conditions except that the operative pressure was reduced (130
bar). The third trial was carried out at 130
bar, 36
±
1
°C, 5.08
L/h juice flow rate, 1.96
L/h CO
2 flow rate, corresponding to a 0.385
g
CO2/g
juice ratio. The effects of processing were evaluated by determining physicochemical, antioxidant, and microbiological parameters of the treated juices. In addition, once the best operative parameters had been determined, physicochemical, antioxidant, microbiological and sensory evaluation of fresh blood orange juice stabilised by HPCD treatment was carried out during refrigerated storage of juices at 4
±
1
°C for thirty days. The results showed that HPCD treatment cannot be considered as an alternative to traditional thermal methods but as a new mild technology for producing a stabilised blood orange juice with a shelf-life of 20
days.
Blood oranges are the main cultivated varieties of
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck in Italy. Freshly squeezed blood orange juice exert a high antiradical and antioxidant activity, due to its rich phenolic profile, but its preservation is usually assured by thermal treatment which affects its nutritional and sensory value. In this study we proposed a “milder” continuous HPCD process suitable for implementation on an industrial scale. The HPCD stabilised juice retains its physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory properties and could be placed within a new retail framework, namely, that of fresh juices with a shelf-life of 20
days.
The cultivation of lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm f.) has occurred for centuries at the mountainsides of the Mount Etna the largest active volcano in Europe (Sicily, Italy). The peculiar geographical, ...soil and climatic conditions that characterize this area have recently prompted citrus growers to launch the brand name ‘Limone dell'Etna’ for the lemon fruits produced in that area. The present research focused on evaluating the quality and nutraceutical properties of the ‘Limone dell'Etna’ fruit juice (‘Primofiore’, ‘Bianchetto’, and ‘Verdello’ blooming) to enhance the value of a product that, due to its peculiar qualities, could be awarded with one of the European certified labels protecting the lemon geographical origin. Qualitative parameters, health-promoting components (such as ascorbic acid, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acids) and the in-vitro total antioxidant capacity (ORAC, FCR) of fruit juice of two different varieties (‘Femminello zagara bianca’ and ‘Monachello’) were determined at fruit maturity. The results showed that the Bianchetto and Verdello lemon fruit exhibited higher levels of ascorbic acid than those recorded for the Primofiore production. The amount of flavonoids in Verdello fruits of both cultivars was the highest, as was reflected in the highest antioxidant activity. Thus, the ‘Limone dell'Etna’ production, with particular reference to the Verdello fruit, must be considered as a new, valuable and original source of natural antioxidants to be valorized and even exploited in the processing industry.
•The quality and nutraceutical properties of the ‘Limone dell'Etna’ fruit juice were investigated.•The amount of flavonoids in Verdello fruits was reflected in the highest antioxidant activity.•Multivariate techniques have indicated that the Verdello fruit was different from Primofiore and Bianchetto.•Verdello fruit must be considered as a new, valuable and original source of natural antioxidants.
Abstract Lymphocytes possess an independent cholinergic system. We assessed the expression of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in lymphocytes from 49 asthmatic children and 10 age matched controls ...using Western blot. We demonstrated that CD4 + and CD8 + T cells expressed M2 and M4 muscarinic receptors which density were significantly increased in asthmatic children in comparison with controls. M2 and M4 receptor increase was strictly related with IgE and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements and with impairment in objective measurements of airway obstruction. Increased lymphocyte muscarinic cholinergic receptor expression may concur with lung cholinergic dysfunction and with inflammatory molecular framework in asthma.
The NANoREG framework addresses the need to ease the nanomaterials safety assessment in the REACH Regulation context. It offers forward-looking strategies: Safe-by-Design, a Nanospecific ...Prioritisation and Risk Assessment, and Life Cycle Assessment. It is intended for scientific experts, regulatory authorities and industry.
The NANoREG framework addresses the need to ease the nanomaterials safety assessment in the REACH Regulation context. It offers forward-looking strategies: Safe-by-Design, a Nanospecific ...Prioritisation and Risk Assessment, and Life Cycle Assessment. It is intended for scientific experts, regulatory authorities and industry.
The NANoREG framework addresses the need to ease the nanomaterials safety assessment in the REACH Regulation context. It offers forward-looking strategies: Safe-by-Design, a Nanospecific ...Prioritisation and Risk Assessment, and Life Cycle Assessment. It is intended for scientific experts, regulatory authorities and industry.
