New Perspectives of Curcumin in Cancer Prevention PARK, Wungki; RUHUL AMIN, A. R. M; GEORGIA CHEN, Zhuo ...
Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.),
05/2013, Letnik:
6, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Numerous natural compounds have been extensively investigated for their potential for cancer prevention over the decades. Curcumin, from Curcuma longa, is a highly promising natural compound that can ...be potentially used for chemoprevention of multiple cancers. Curcumin modulates multiple molecular pathways involved in the lengthy carcinogenesis process to exert its chemopreventive effects through several mechanisms: promoting apoptosis, inhibiting survival signals, scavenging reactive oxidative species (ROS), and reducing the inflammatory cancer microenvironment. Curcumin fulfills the characteristics for an ideal chemopreventive agent with its low toxicity, affordability, and easy accessibility. Nonetheless, the clinical application of curcumin is currently compromised by its poor bioavailability. Here, we review the potential of curcumin in cancer prevention, its molecular targets, and mechanisms of action. Finally, we suggest specific recommendations to improve its efficacy and bioavailability for clinical applications.
Flexible Laryngoscopy and COVID-19 Rameau, Anaïs; Young, VyVy N; Amin, Milan R ...
Otolaryngology-head and neck surgery,
June 2020, Letnik:
162, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Flexible laryngoscopy, the gold-standard evaluation of the larynx and the pharynx, is one of the most commonly performed procedures in otolaryngology. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ...pandemic, flexible laryngoscopy represents a risk for patients and an occupational hazard for otolaryngologists and any clinic staff involved with the procedure or endoscope reprocessing. Here we present a set of recommendations on flexible laryngoscopy performance during the pandemic, including patient selection, personal protective equipment, and endoscope disinfection, based on a consensus reached during a virtual webinar on March 24, 2020, attended by approximately 300 participants from the American laryngology community.
Introduction
The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, may need intensive care unit (ICU) admission in up to 12% of all positive ...cases for massive interstitial pneumonia, with possible long-term endotracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation and subsequent tracheostomy. The most common airway-related complications of such ICU maneuvers are laryngotracheal granulomas, webs, stenosis, malacia and, less commonly, tracheal necrosis with tracheo-esophageal or tracheo-arterial fistulae.
Materials and methods
This paper gathers the opinions of experts of the Laryngotracheal Stenosis Committee of the European Laryngological Society, with the aim of alerting the medical community about the possible rise in number of COVID-19-related laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS), and the aspiration of paving the way to a more rationale concentration of these cases within referral specialist airway centers.
Results
A range of prevention strategies, diagnostic work-up, and therapeutic approaches are reported and framed within the COVID-19 pandemic context.
Conclusions
One of the most important roles of otolaryngologists when encountering airway-related signs and symptoms in patients with previous ICU hospitalization for COVID-19 is to maintain a high level of suspicion for LTS development, and share it with colleagues and other health care professionals. Such a condition requires specific expertise and should be comprehensively managed in tertiary referral centers.
Mergers and acquisitions are mainly due to financial and technological innovations but could also be due to changes in the structure of the economy, which alters the optimal production functions of ...banks. Banks that seek to be operationally efficient would focus more on expanding their asset size, in the face of bad loans, leading to the acquisition of less efficient banks. This paper develops two‐stage inverse data envelopment analysis (DEA) models for estimating potential gains from bank mergers for the top US commercial banks. The results show additional intermediate and final outputs at different predefined target levels of technical efficiencies.
Ni and Pd–Ni nanoparticles were chemically deposited on Vulcan XC-72R carbon black by impregnation method using NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The prepared electrocatalysts were characterized by X-ray ...diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The electrocatalytic activity of Ni/C and Pd–Ni/C electrocatalysts towards methanol oxidation in 0.5 M KOH solution was examined using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Two methanol oxidation peaks were observed on the Pd–Ni/C at 0 and +860 mV. Their current density values are higher than those at Pd/C and Ni/C electrocatalysts by 1.92 and 1.68 times, respectively. The catalytic rate constant of methanol oxidation reaction at Ni/C and Pd–Ni/C electrocatalysts in (0.2 M MeOH + 0.5 M KOH) solution was estimated using double-step chronoamperometry as 5.64 × 103 and 6.25 × 103 cm3 mol−1 s−1, respectively. Pd–Ni/C is more stable than Pd/C and Ni/C electrocatalysts. Therefore, Pd–Ni/C is a suitable as a less expensive electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation in alkaline medium.
Physical and electrochemical characterizations of Ni/C and Pd–Ni/C electrocatalysts. Display omitted
•Highly dispersed Pd–Ni nanoparticles are formed with particle size of 3–4 nm.•ks of Ni/C and Pd–Ni/C is estimated as 0.1582 and 0.2098, respectively.•Two methanol oxidation peaks are observed at Pd–Ni/C at 0 and 860 mV.•Pd–Ni/C is more stable than Pd/C and Ni/C.
Dinoflagellates are taxonomically diverse and ecologically important phytoplankton that are ubiquitously present in marine and freshwater environments. Mostly photosynthetic, dinoflagellates provide ...the basis of aquatic primary production; most taxa are free-living, while some can form symbiotic and parasitic associations with other organisms. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that underpin the adaptation of these organisms to diverse ecological niches is limited by the scarce availability of genomic data, partly due to their large genome sizes estimated up to 250 Gbp. Currently available dinoflagellate genome data are restricted to Symbiodiniaceae (particularly symbionts of reef-building corals) and parasitic lineages, from taxa that have smaller genome size ranges, while genomic information from more diverse free-living species is still lacking.
Here, we present two draft diploid genome assemblies of the free-living dinoflagellate Polarella glacialis, isolated from the Arctic and Antarctica. We found that about 68% of the genomes are composed of repetitive sequence, with long terminal repeats likely contributing to intra-species structural divergence and distinct genome sizes (3.0 and 2.7 Gbp). For each genome, guided using full-length transcriptome data, we predicted > 50,000 high-quality protein-coding genes, of which ~40% are in unidirectional gene clusters and ~25% comprise single exons. Multi-genome comparison unveiled genes specific to P. glacialis and a common, putatively bacterial origin of ice-binding domains in cold-adapted dinoflagellates.
Our results elucidate how selection acts within the context of a complex genome structure to facilitate local adaptation. Because most dinoflagellate genes are constitutively expressed, Polarella glacialis has enhanced transcriptional responses via unidirectional, tandem duplication of single-exon genes that encode functions critical to survival in cold, low-light polar environments. These genomes provide a foundational reference for future research on dinoflagellate evolution.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remains a pivotal factor in assessing the overall efficiency of energy conversion and storage technologies. A promising family of ORR electrocatalysts is mixed ...transition-metal oxides (MTMOs), which have recently gained a growing research interest. In this study, we developed MTMOs with different compositions (designated as A
x
B
3−
x
O
4
; A = Cu, B = Co or Mn) anchored on two different carbon supports (activated carbon Vulcan XC-72 (AC) and graphene (G)) for catalyzing ORR in neutral media. Four different MTMO electrocatalysts (
i.e.
, MnO
2
-CuO/AC, CoO-CuO/AC, CoO-CuO/G, and MnO
2
-CuO/G) were synthesized by a simple and scalable co-precipitation method. We documented the morphology and electrocatalytic properties of MTMO electrocatalysts using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and electrochemical techniques. Generally, MTMOs exhibited remarkably high ORR electrocatalytic activity with MTMOs anchored on an activated carbon support outperforming their respective MTMOs anchored on a graphene support, highlighting the importance of the catalyst support in determining the overall ORR activity of electrocatalysts. MnO
2
-CuO/AC has the highest diffusion limiting current density (
j
) value of 4.2 mA cm
−2
at −600 mV (
vs.
SHE), which is ∼1.1-1.7-fold higher than other tested electrocatalysts (
i.e.
, 3.9, 3.5, and 2.7 mA cm
−2
for CoO-CuO/AC, CoO-CuO/G, and MnO
2
-CuO/G, respectively), and slightly lower than Pt/C (5.1 mA cm
−2
) at the same potential value. Moreover, all electrocatalysts exhibited good linearity and parallelism of the Koutechy-Levich (K-L) plots, suggesting that ORR followed first-order reaction kinetics with the number of electrons involved being close to four. Benefiting from their remarkable ORR electrochemical activities and low cost, our results reveal that non-precious MTMOs are efficient enough to replace expensive Pt for broad applications in energy conversion and electrocatalysis in neutral media, such as microbial fuel cells.
Mixed transition metal (Co, Mn, and Cu) oxide electrocatalysts anchored on different carbon supports for oxygen reduction reaction.
Contributing Authors
Isam Alobid, MD, PhD1, Nithin D. Adappa, MD2, Henry P. Barham, MD3, Thiago Bezerra, MD4, Nadieska Caballero, MD5, Eugene G. Chang, MD6, Gaurav Chawdhary, MD7, Philip Chen, MD8, ...John P. Dahl, MD, PhD9, Anthony Del Signore, MD10, Carrie Flanagan, MD11, Daniel N. Frank, PhD12, Kai Fruth, MD, PhD13, Anne Getz, MD14, Samuel Greig, MD15, Elisa A. Illing, MD16, David W. Jang, MD17, Yong Gi Jung, MD18, Sammy Khalili, MD, MSc19, Cristobal Langdon, MD20, Kent Lam, MD21, Stella Lee, MD22, Seth Lieberman, MD23, Patricia Loftus, MD24, Luis Macias‐Valle, MD25, R. Peter Manes, MD26, Jill Mazza, MD27, Leandra Mfuna, MD28, David Morrissey, MD29, Sue Jean Mun, MD30, Jonathan B. Overdevest, MD, PhD31, Jayant M. Pinto, MD32, Jain Ravi, MD33, Douglas Reh, MD34, Peta L. Sacks, MD35, Michael H. Saste, MD36, John Schneider, MD, MA37, Ahmad R. Sedaghat, MD, PhD38, Zachary M. Soler, MD39, Neville Teo, MD40, Kota Wada, MD41, Kevin Welch, MD42, Troy D. Woodard, MD43, Alan Workman44, Yi Chen Zhao, MD45, David Zopf, MD46
Contributing Author Affiliations
1Universidad de Barcelona; 2University of Pennsylvania; 3Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center; 4Universidade de São Paulo; 5ENT Specialists of Illinois; 6University of Arizona; 7University of Oxford; 8University of Texas; 9University of Indiana; 10Mount Sinai Beth Israel; 11Emory University; 12University of Colorado; 13Wiesbaden, Germany; 14University of Colorado; 15University of Alberta; 16University of Alabama at Birmingham; 17Duke University; 18Sungkyunkwan University; 19University of Pennsylvania; 20Universidad de Barcelona; 21Northwestern University; 22University of Pittsburgh; 23New York University; 24Emory University; 25University of British Columbia; 26Yale University School of Medicine; 27Private Practice; 28Department of Otolaryngology, Hôtel‐Dieu Hospital, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal; 29University of Adelaide; 30Pusan National University; 31University of California, San Francisco; 32University of Chicago; 33University of Auckland; 34Johns Hopkins University; 35University of New South Wales, Australia; 36Stanford University; 37Washington University; 38Harvard Medical School; 39Medical University of South Carolina; 40Singapore General Hospital; 41Taho University; 42Northwestern University; 43Cleveland Clinic Foundation; 44University of Pennsylvania; 45University of Adelaide; 46University of Michigan
Background
The body of knowledge regarding rhinosinusitis (RS) continues to expand, with rapid growth in number of publications, yet substantial variability in the quality of those presentations. In an effort to both consolidate and critically appraise this information, rhinologic experts from around the world have produced the International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR:RS).
Methods
Evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs) were developed for scores of topics, using previously reported methodology. Where existing evidence was insufficient for an EBRR, an evidence‐based review (EBR) was produced. The sections were then synthesized and the entire manuscript was then reviewed by all authors for consensus.
Results
The resulting ICAR:RS document addresses multiple topics in RS, including acute RS (ARS), chronic RS (CRS) with and without nasal polyps (CRSwNP and CRSsNP), recurrent acute RS (RARS), acute exacerbation of CRS (AECRS), and pediatric RS.
Conclusion
As a critical review of the RS literature, ICAR:RS provides a thorough review of pathophysiology and evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment. It also demonstrates the significant gaps in our understanding of the pathophysiology and optimal management of RS. Too often the foundation upon which these recommendations are based is comprised of lower‐level evidence. It is our hope that this summary of the evidence in RS will point out where additional research efforts may be directed.
Abstract
Corals live in a complex, multipartite symbiosis with diverse microbes across kingdoms, some of which are implicated in vital functions, such as those related to resilience against climate ...change. However, knowledge gaps and technical challenges limit our understanding of the nature and functional significance of complex symbiotic relationships within corals. Here, we provide an overview of the complexity of the coral microbiome focusing on taxonomic diversity and functions of well-studied and cryptic microbes. Mining the coral literature indicate that while corals collectively harbour a third of all marine bacterial phyla, known bacterial symbionts and antagonists of corals represent a minute fraction of this diversity and that these taxa cluster into select genera, suggesting selective evolutionary mechanisms enabled these bacteria to gain a niche within the holobiont. Recent advances in coral microbiome research aimed at leveraging microbiome manipulation to increase coral’s fitness to help mitigate heat stress-related mortality are discussed. Then, insights into the potential mechanisms through which microbiota can communicate with and modify host responses are examined by describing known recognition patterns, potential microbially derived coral epigenome effector proteins and coral gene regulation. Finally, the power of omics tools used to study corals are highlighted with emphasis on an integrated host–microbiota multiomics framework to understand the underlying mechanisms during symbiosis and climate change-driven dysbiosis.
Corals live in intimate relationships with an intricate collection of microbes that are crucial for their functioning; therefore, understanding the molecular basis of the interactions of the coral host and its associated microbiome is vital for coral resilience in a warming ocean.
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