Purpose
Refugees, especially minors, who often have experienced traumatic events, are a vulnerable group regarding poor mental health. Little is known, however, of their risk of suicidal behaviour as ...young adults. We aimed to investigate the risk of suicidal behaviour for young adult refugees who migrated as minors. The moderating role of education and history of mental disorders in this association was also investigated.
Methods
In this register linkage study, all 19–30-year-old Swedish-born (
n
= 1,149,855) and refugees (
n
= 51,098) residing in Sweden on December 31st, 2009 were included. The follow-up period covered 2010–2016. Cox models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The multivariate models were adjusted for socio-demographic, labour market marginalisation and health-related factors.
Results
Compared to Swedish-born, the risk of suicide attempt was lower for all refugees (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70–0.87), and accompanied refugee minors (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.69–0.87), but estimates did not differ for unaccompanied refugee minors (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.62–1.10). Low education and previous mental disorders increased the risk of suicide attempt in both refugees and Swedish-born, with lower excess risks in refugees. Findings for suicide were similar to those of suicide attempt.
Conclusion
Young adult refugees have a lower risk of suicidal behaviour than their Swedish-born peers, even if they have low educational level or have mental disorders. Young refugees who entered Sweden unaccompanied do not seem to be equally protected and need specific attention.
Intramedullary spinal metastases are rare and prior to the availability of MRI were seldom diagnosed antemortem. Lung and breast carcinoma are the most common primary sources. Cervical carcinoma is ...the least likely source of intramedullary spinal metastases. A case of intramedullary spinal metastases is described in a 29-year-old woman with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
The widening importance of carbohydrate derivatives as unrivaled potential antimicrobial and therapeutic drugs has attracted attentionto the synthesis of mannopyranoside derivatives. In the present ...study, regioselective 3-bromobenzoylation of methyl α-D-mannopyranoside (1) was carried out using the direct method and gave the corresponding 6-O-(3-bromobenzoyl) derivative (2) in excellent yield. A number of 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl derivatives (3–10) of this 6-substitution product using a wide variety of acylating agents were also prepared in order to obtain newer derivatives of synthetic and biological importance. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were ascertained by analyzing their physicochemical, elemental, and spectroscopic data. Additionally, the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) of these acylated products was studiedfor quantitatively identifying crystalline compounds.Therefore, due to the importance of carbohydrates, it might be useful to develop a good method for the synthesis of carbohydrate-based drugs of the current global situation for health and disease
We examine the effect of local thermal non-equilibrium on the steady state heat conduction in a porous layer in the presence of internal heat generation. A uniform source of heat is present in either ...the fluid or the solid phase. A two-temperature model is assumed and analytical solutions are presented for the resulting steady-state temperature profiles in a uniform porous slab. Attention is then focussed on deriving simple conditions which guarantee local thermal equilibrium.
The mating status of Bombus terrestris in relation to ambient temperature, queen to male ratio in the mating cage, age and virginity of sexuals were studied in the laboratory. Results showed that ...ambient temperature ranging from 17 to 29°C had a significant effect on the mating percentage of individuals, with queen to male ratios of 1 : 1.5 and 1 : 2. The highest mating percentage (76.9±1.9%) was found at 23°C, with a queen to male ratio of 1 : 1.5, and the lowest percentage (67.3±2.1%) was observed at 29°C with a queen to male ratio of 1 : 2. Both virgin and previously mated males preferred young and virgin queens, and showed a statistically higher mating success, indicating that male virginity and experience had identical effects on male mating fitness. Virgin queens that failed to mate at 7 days old showed a lower percentage of mating success with increasing age, indicating that female copulation fitness depended on their age.
A digital calibration technique for folding-integration/cyclic cascaded (FICC) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is proposed in this paper. The calibration is done by compensating non-ideal errors ...in digital domain. The errors generated during each converting cycle and the final effects of them are calculated with properly established model in charge domain according to the behaviors of the FICC ADC. The simulation results show that the maximum integral nonlinearity (INL) is improved from +60.9/-36.8 LSB to +0.89/-0.95 LSB, and the differential nonlinearity (DNL) is improved from +71.5/-2.0 LSB to +0.64/-0.62 LSB for 18-bit resolution. Both high-resolution and high-linearity are simultaneously achieved in the FICC ADC by employing the proposed digital calibration technique.
Endoscopic resection of sinonasal Inverted Papilloma (SNIP) tumors has been shown to reduce intra-operative blood loss and recovery time compared to open approaches. The purpose of this study is to ...investigate the incidence and requirements of blood transfusion for endoscopic SNIP surgeries.
An individual retrospective cohort study of endoscopic SNIP surgeries over a 10-year period was performed. Age, sex, pre-existing co-morbidity, use of anti-coagulants, tumor type and stage, time of surgery, estimated blood loss and the requirement for blood transfusion were recorded.
82 patients were included (57 males, 25 females). 4 (5%) Stage 1, 7 (8.5%) Stage 2, 62 (75.5%) Stage 3 and 9 (11%) Stage 4 SNIP tumors were identified according to the Krouse staging system. 3 (4%) patients required blood transfusion. 3 of the 9 (33%) Stage 4 tumors required blood transfusion. Stage 4 tumors were significantly associated with blood transfusion (p < 0.05). Higher staged tumors were associated with greater blood loss (p < 0.05) than lower staged cases. No other tumor stage required blood transfusion and no other pre-operative variable was associated with requirement for blood transfusion.
Endoscopic SNIP resections rarely require blood transfusions. No pre-operative factor other than tumor stage is associated with the requirement for blood transfusion. We would therefore suggest that only Stage 4 SNIP tumors require pre-operative type and screen.
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•Ni@Pt/C electrocatalysts were prepared using core-shell method.•Pt nanoparticles dispersion was greatly improved after incorporating nickel in Pt/C.•Gradual increase of nickel ...content in Ni@Pt/C increased its ECSA value.•Superior stability performance of Ni@Pt/C−3 electrocatalyst was achieved.
Core-shell nanoparticles of Ni@Pt/C electrocatalysts have been prepared in different Pt:Ni atomic ratios ranging from 1:0.25 to 1:3 through a two-step strategy using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent. Their electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation was investigated in alkaline medium. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were employed to evaluate crystal structure and surface morphology. Highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles were distributed in all prepared Ni@Pt/C electrocatalysts. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have been applied to examine the electrochemical performance of Ni@Pt/C electrocatalysts. Increasing nickel content was found to enhance the resultant electrocatalytic activity towards ethanol oxidation. Ni@Pt/C containing Pt:Ni atomic ratio of 1:3 exhibited the highest oxidation current density and stability when contrasted to Pt/C and other Ni@Pt/C electrocatalysts.
Green open space as nature-based solutions (NBS) infrastructure must be prioritized to continue providing environmental services. Green open spaces can reduce risks from possible threats. The NDVI, ...as the green open space vegetation index value, measures the function of the area in the Mount Tidar Botanical Gardens (MTBG) Magelang where maintaining ecology and vegetation density services as measured by the NDVI value. Environmental challenges from outside the MTBG are increasing of NDBI that changes in urban land use, which widely changes vegetation density. The methods used in this study are comparison remote sensing interpretation for NDVI and NDBI by Sentinel satellite imageries were analyzed as environmental interaction of biotic, abiotic, and cultural in 2019 and 2023. The results showed that the change in area of plant density in Magelang City, which was initially 61.85%, was moderate and dense vegetation in 2019, decreased to 47.79% now. Magelang City’s population growth of 1.02% requires 455.60 km2 of residential area, while green open space MTBG has stayed the same at only 3.8% of Magelang City Area. Vegetation density in MTBG is still above 99% from 2019 to 2023, dominated by vegetation with a density index of up to 96%.
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