Sales when understood as an art would help people realize the fact that there is no "best way" to sell. In today's highly competitive markets where competitors offer products that are largely ...homogenous, the effectiveness of salespersons during the interaction with the customer is critical to the sales success. Salespeople's relationship orientation, specially, customer orientation (Keillor and Parker, 1999), was found to have a significant impact on the extent to which relationships are developed with customers.The marketing literature has widely discussed the importance of buyer-seller exchange relationship in the personal selling context. Customer oriented selling approach benefits both the sales person and the organization since it has got positive associations with customer relationships (Williams and Attaway, 1996).This paper aims at identifying and analyzing few of the important determinants at the organizational level, which has an influence on individual salesperson's Customer orientation and on individual sales performance
Today a fundamental shift is occurring in the world economy. A growing body of research indicates that a productive, efficient, and healthy learning organization is a necessary and key ingredient for ...global competition. People are witnessing the rapid appreciation for and development of all aspects associated with and affected by human resource management. While the emerging international economy creates opportunities it also presents challenges and threats with which yesterday's business managers did not have to deal. Managing human resources has become critical to the success of all companies, large and small, regardless of industry. The present study explored, analyzed, and documented how the organization should have, to satisfy the dreams of modern workers. The results of this effort were intended to assist employers to operate and create an environment to leverage many of their difference. These factors include: 1. nurturing individual differences, 2. organizational facilitation, 3. value instillation to employees, 4. meaningful organization, 5. rewarding work, and 6. free of arbitrary restrictions.
Synthesis and optical properties of manganese (Mn
2+)-doped, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)–capped cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles coated with zinc sulphide (ZnS) are reported. Colloidal solution ...of Mn
2+-doped CdS nanoparticles capped with PVP is synthesized using methanol as solvent. PVP is used to control the particle size and to prevent agglomeration. Mn
2+ doping is expected to help in increasing the CdS band edge photoluminescence (PL) emission. Addition of zinc nitrate and sodium sulphide alternately to the Mn
2+-doped, PVP-stabilized CdS colloid led to the formation of ZnS-coated CdS coreshell nanoparticles. Photoluminescence emission spectra recorded for (CdS–PVP)Mn nanoparticles showed two emission peaks, one at 416
nm and the other weaker peak at 586
nm which is attributed to Mn
2+ emission. Intensity of Mn
2+ peak increased with increase in the Mn
2+ content. Mn
2+ emission disappears when ZnS is coated over the CdS core, resulting in pure CdS band edge emission.
Results of the studies carried out on the effect of electron irradiation on the optical properties of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) capped cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles embedded in polyvinyl ...alcohol (PVA) matrix are reported. PVP capped CdS nanoparticles are prepared by a non-aqueous chemical method with cadmium nitrate as the cadmium source and hydrogen sulphide as the sulphur source. Synthesized nanoparticles are used for X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies that confirmed the formation of cubic CdS nanoparticles with an average size of ∼3–5
nm. The synthesized CdS nanopowder is dispersed in PVA matrix and self-standing flexible (PVP-CdS) PVA films of thickness 0.2
mm are obtained. The nanocomposites are subjected to optical absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) studies. The PL emission spectra of the nanocomposites show two peaks, at 502 and 636
nm, which are attributed to the band edge and surface defects of CdS nanoparticles, respectively. The composite films are irradiated with 8
MeV electrons from a Microtron and optical absorption and PL studies are carried out on the irradiated samples. Irradiation of the samples leads to the quenching of surface defect-related emission.
Photoluminescence properties of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) capped cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles embedded in polyvinyl alcohol matrix (PVA) are reported. The PVP–CdS nanoparticles are prepared ...by non-aqueous method wherein cadmium nitrate is used as the cadmium source and hydrogen sulphide as the sulphur source. The synthesized nanoparticles are dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix and cast as self-standing flexible (PVP–CdS)–PVA films. The nanocomposites are characterized by optical absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. XRD and TEM studies show the formation of cubic CdS particles with average size ∼3–5
nm. Thermal studies, carried out to observe the changes in PVA matrix due to the incorporation of PVP–CdS nanoparticles show strong interaction between the polymer matrix and nanoparticles. The photoluminescence emission spectra of the nanocomposites show two peaks, at 502 and 636
nm, which are attributed to the band edge and surface defects respectively, of CdS nanoparticles. Effective surface capping with optimum concentration of polyvinyl pyrrolidone leads to the quenching of surface defect-related emission.
Issue Title: Special Issue: Photovoltaics, Solar Energy Materials & Thin Films - IMRC 2006, Cancun, Mexico Guest Editor Xavier Mathew Results of the studies on the preparation and characterization of ...CdS nanoparticles capped with various organic stabilizers are presented in this article. Solutions of Cadmium acetate and Sodium sulphide were taken as the precursors. CdS nanoparticles were synthesized in an aqueous medium with Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as the stabilizer and non-aqueous methods were used for the synthesis of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) and thiophenol-capped CdS nanoparticles. The synthesized CdS nanoparticles were characterized by the optical absorption and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Particle sizes estimated from the band gap values using Effective Mass Approximation (EMA) agreed fairly well with those calculated from the XRD using Scherrer formula. The quantity and the concentration of the stabilizers needed for effective capping of the CdS nanoparticles were different in the three cases considered. Stability of the synthesized CdS nanoparticles was studied at different intervals of time for 10 days. A change in particle size was observed at lower stabilizer concentrations for the first few days. But at higher stabilizer concentrations there was no change in particle size with time.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Results of the studies carried out on the effect of electron irradiation on the optical properties of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) capped cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles embedded in polyvinyl ...alcohol (PVA) matrix are reported. PVP capped CdS nanoparticles are prepared by a non-aqueous chemical method with cadmium nitrate as the cadmium source and hydrogen sulphide as the sulphur source. Synthesized nanoparticles are used for X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies that confirmed the formation of cubic CdS nanoparticles with an average size of 3-5nm. The synthesized CdS nanopowder is dispersed in PVA matrix and self-standing flexible (PVP-CdS) PVA films of thickness 0.2mm are obtained. The nanocomposites are subjected to optical absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) studies. The PL emission spectra of the nanocomposites show two peaks, at 502 and 636nm, which are attributed to the band edge and surface defects of CdS nanoparticles, respectively. The composite films are irradiated with 8MeV electrons from a Microtron and optical absorption and PL studies are carried out on the irradiated samples. Irradiation of the samples leads to the quenching of surface defect-related emission.
