This paper presents landslide-susceptibility mapping using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) using a geographic information system (GIS) environment. In the first stage, landslide ...locations from the study area were identified by interpreting aerial photographs and supported by an extensive field survey. In the second stage, landslide-related conditioning factors such as altitude, slope angle, plan curvature, distance to drainage, distance to road, soil texture and stream power index (SPI) were extracted from the topographic and soil maps. Then, landslide-susceptible areas were analyzed by the ANFIS approach and mapped using landslide-conditioning factors. In particular, various membership functions (MFs) were applied for the landslide-susceptibility mapping and their results were compared with the field-verified landslide locations. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for all landslide susceptibility maps were drawn and the areas under curve values were calculated. The ROC curve technique is based on the plotting of model sensitivity — true positive fraction values calculated for different threshold values, versus model specificity — true negative fraction values, on a graph. Landslide test locations that were not used during the ANFIS modeling purpose were used to validate the landslide susceptibility maps. The validation results revealed that the susceptibility maps constructed by the ANFIS predictive models using triangular, trapezoidal, generalized bell and polynomial MFs produced reasonable results (84.39%), which can be used for preliminary land-use planning. Finally, the authors concluded that ANFIS is a very useful and an effective tool in regional landslide susceptibility assessment.
Background
Improved cancer survival is expected to increase noncancer deaths; however, detailed causes of death have rarely been discussed. Changing landscapes in mortality patterns and noncancer ...mortality risks in patients with cancer require evaluation.
Methods
We identified cancer and noncancer‐related causes of death using data from the 2000‐2016 national cancer registry in Korea (n = 2 707 520), and we characterized the leading causes of death and proportionate mortalities over time. Risks of noncancer deaths relative to the general population were estimated using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs).
Results
Of 1 105 607 identified deaths, 87% were due to the primary cancer. Proportionate mortalities of primary cancer among overall deaths remained high in patients with liver (86%) and lung (70%) cancers and in female patients with breast cancer (77%), even 5 to 10 years following diagnosis, whereas proportionate mortalities reduced to ≤50% in patients with stomach (men, 39%; women, 48%), prostate (47%), and female thyroid (27%) cancers. Despite the predominance of index cancer deaths, the proportion of noncancer deaths among all deaths increased over time. There was a 20‐fold increase in cardiovascular disease deaths among patients with cancer from 2000 to 2016, and the risk of suicide among patients with cancer was higher than that among the general population (SMR: 1.68 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63‐1.74 in men, SMR: 1.42 95% CI: 1.33‐1.55 in women).
Conclusions
Deaths from primary cancer remain a major concern; however, follow‐up is required for both cancer and noncancer‐related health issues in cancer survivors, especially concerning suicide and cardiovascular deaths.
Death from primary cancer is still the major concern, but noncancer deaths are expected to become an important issue. Higher risks of suicide death and increasing number of cardiovascular disease deaths in cancer patients highlight the need for preventing suicide and cardiovascular disease in cancer patients.
The present study investigates whether directing five- to six-year-old children's attention to hypothetical resource recipients that included familiar and non-familiar people would affect their ...favoritism toward a familiar person, as reflected in how they allocated resources. In Experiment 1, we instructed participants to give one of several stickers to another person or keep all the stickers for themselves. Under the control conditions, participants more frequently gave stickers to friends than to non-friends. However, when asked about others' emotions, they distributed stickers equally among friends and non-friends. Therefore, focusing on others' thoughts reduced participants' favoritism toward friends. Experiment 2 tested whether focusing on both emotional valences would affect favoritism toward a familiar person, as reflected in children's resource distribution choices. Experiment 2 was identical to Experiment 1, except we asked participants about the other person's emotional valence. When asked about others' negative emotions, participants distributed the stickers equally between themselves and others. However, when asked about others' positive emotions, they distributed more stickers to friends than to non-friends. Neither others' emotional valence nor group status affected the perceived intensity of their emotion or the participant's emotional state. These results suggest that children's favoritism toward friends can be reduced by encouraging them to think about others' negative emotional states.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•The S-O-R model is applied to explain a consumer buying behavior of organic food.•Key organic food attributes influence consumers’ utilitarian and hedonic attitudes.•Utilitarian and hedonic ...attitudes influence intentions to purchase organic food.
The current study investigates how consumers perceive organic food attributes, which in turn influence their utilitarian and hedonic attitudes and intentions to purchase organic food. Specifically, consumers’ perceptions of nutritional content, ecological welfare, and price attributes of organic food have strong effects on utilitarian attitudes as well as hedonic attitudes toward buying organic food, while perceptions of the sensory appeal attribute have a strong effect on hedonic attitudes. Interestingly, consumers’ perceptions of the natural content attribute of organic food are not a significant determinant of the two dimensions of attitude. Lastly, utilitarian and hedonic attitudes play an important and influential role in determining behavioral intentions to purchase organic food. This study raises questions about the lack of a theoretical framework in previous organic food studies. Therefore, a modified S–O–R model is applied to provide theoretical support for organic food research. In addition, this study employs a bi-dimensional approach to attitudes (i.e., utilitarian and hedonic attitudes), contributing to a better understanding of consumers’ expectations and perceptions in their behaviors regarding organic food.
•Our conceptual model is guided by the relationships among price, quality, and value described in Zeithaml’s means-end model.•We find the important role of two credence attributes in developing ...quality and value perceptions of organic foods.•We find dynamics underlying the role of the credence attributes depending on consumers’ expenditure share of organic foods.
Organic foods fall into the category of credence goods because an array of attributes makes it difficult for consumers to evaluate the quality of organic foods. By focusing on two credence attributes of organic foods (food safety and eco-friendliness), the current study investigates how these attributes influence consumers’ perceptions of quality and value, which in turn increase purchase intentions. The study further examines whether the proposed relationships differ by expenditure share of organic foods. We used a two-step approach of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze data obtained from 725 consumer panel members who were primary grocery shoppers and had purchased organic foods. The results give insights on the role of two credence attributes in developing quality and value perceptions of organic foods.
We also find dynamics underlying the role of the credence attributes depending on consumers’ expenditure share of organic foods. The findings of this study not only contribute to the organic food literature but also help industry, government, and consumer associations to fully understand consumer perceptions of credence attributes of organic foods and thus to enhance consumers’ responses to organic foods.
The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2018.
Incidence, survival, and prevalence rates of ...cancer were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, from 1999 to 2018, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2019. Deaths from cancer were assessed using causes-of-death data obtained from Statistics Korea. Crude and age-standardized rates (ASRs) for incidence, mortality, prevalence, and 5-year relative survival rates were calculated, and temporal trends for incidence and mortality rates were evaluated, with annual percentage changes.
In 2018, newly diagnosed cancer cases and deaths from cancer were reported as 243,837 (ASR, 270.4 per 100,000) and 79,153 (ASR, 73.3 per 100,000), respectively. The overall cancer incidence rates increased by 3.3% annually from 1999 to 2012, and decreased by 5.4% annually from 2012 to 2015, thereafter, followed by nonsignificant changes. Cancer mortality rates have been decreasing since 2002, with more rapid decline in recent years (annual decrease of 2.7% from 2007 to 2014; 3.7% from 2014 to 2018). The 5-year relative survival between 2014 and 2018 was 70.3%, which contributed to prevalent cases reaching over 2 million by the end of 2018.
Cancer statistics have improved significantly during the past two decades. However, there remain important challenges to be solved, such as controlling cancers with low survival rates. Cancer statistics can be used to discover blind spots in cancer control, and as evidence for developing and implementing future cancer control strategies.
Performing and learning motor behaviors are fundamental to everyday life. The relations between perceptual input and motor output have been studied and are well understood for simple experimental ...settings. Recent findings, however, suggest that motor actions also critically depend on cognitive factors; these influences are most notable in complex environments that place high demands on attention and memory. In this review, the role of various aspects of attention in motor control is discussed, focusing on the following points: (1) recent findings concerning interactions between attentional resources and motor skill acquisition, (2) the consistency of attentional states (divided versus focused) and motor memory retrieval, and (3) the locus of attention (internal versus external) and motor performance. These findings collectively highlight the interplay between attention and motor systems, which in turn has practical implications for developing and improving motor training and rehabilitation programs.
Aim
The aim of this study was to propose biomarker candidates for periodontitis via untargeted metabolomics analysis.
Materials and methods
Metabolic profiling was performed using saliva samples from ...92 healthy controls (H) and 129 periodontitis patients (P) in the discovery cohort using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Random forest was applied to identify metabolites that significantly differentiated the control group from the periodontitis group. Candidate metabolites were then validated in an independent validation cohort.
Results
In the discovery set, the metabolic profiles of the P group were clearly separated from those of the H group. A total of 31 metabolites were identified in saliva, and 7 metabolites were selected as candidate biomarkers. These metabolites were further confirmed in the validation set. Ethanol, taurine, isovalerate, butyrate, and glucose were finally confirmed as biomarkers. Furthermore, the biomarker panel showed more than 0.9 of the area under curve value in both discovery and validation sets, indicating that panels were more effective than individual metabolites for diagnosing periodontitis.
Conclusions
We identified five metabolite biomarkers that discriminated patients with periodontitis from healthy controls in two independent cohorts. These biomarkers have the potential for periodontal screening, detection of periodontitis, and monitoring of the outcome of periodontal therapy.
Objective
This study aimed to profile differentially expressed (DE) exosomal RNAs in healthy subjects and periodontitis patients and compare their levels before and after treatment.
Materials and ...methods
Plasma samples from healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis (pre‐/post‐periodontal treatment) were collected for this case–control study. After isolation of exosomes from the plasma, the RNA was extracted and small RNA sequencing was performed (3 healthy samples, 4 pre‐treatment samples, and 5 post‐treatment samples). Two‐way analyses were conducted according to the treatment status in the periodontitis group, unpaired analysis (grouping as pre‐/post‐treatment) and paired analysis (matching pre‐ and post‐treatment in the same subject). The DE exosomal RNAs were screened by sequencing and visualized using the R software. Gene Ontology analysis was performed, and target genes were identified.
Results
In both paired and unpaired analyses, two DE microRNAs (DEmiRs; miR‐1304‐3p and miR‐200c‐3p) and two DE small nucleolar RNAs (DEsnoRs; SNORD57 and SNODB1771) were common, and they were found to be downregulated during periodontitis and recovered to healthy levels after treatment. The top three target genes (NR3C1, GPR158, and CNN3) commonly regulated by DEmiRs were identified.
Conclusions
Plasma‐derived exosomal miRs (miR‐1304‐3p and miR‐200c‐3p) and snoRs (SNORD57 and SNODB1771) could be valuable biomarkers for periodontitis.
Due to its superior features compared to plain steel products, stainless steel has been widely used for various applications, since it is commercialized in the beginning of the 1900's. Since ...stainless steel is characterized by high chromium (and nickel) content, stainless steelmaking processes have been developed differently to those of ordinary steelmaking. However, like plain carbon steels, non‐metallic inclusions significantly influence the quality of stainless steel products. In order to gain a better understanding of the impact of inclusions on the characteristics of stainless steel products, information from a large amount of previous research on non‐metallic inclusions in stainless steel is reviewed. As expected, non‐metallic inclusions are a probable cause of pitting corrosion, as well as crack initiation and growth. The formation and origin of inclusions during the steelmaking and continuous casting processes are also discussed based on a number of relevant studies.
In order to gain a better understanding of the impact of non‐metallic inclusions (NMIs) on the characteristics of stainless steel products, information from a large amount of previous research on NMIs in stainless steel is reviewed. NMIs are a probable cause of pitting corrosion, as well as crack initiation and growth. The formation and origin of inclusions during steelmaking and continuous casting processes are also discussed.
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