Although previous studies suggest that previous pulmonary tuberculosis was associated with increased risk of lung cancer. It remains controversial whether pulmonary tuberculosis is a risk factor for ...lung cancer. Our study was aimed to examine the association between pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer risk in Korean.
The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database was linked with the Korean National Cancer Incidence Database to examine the occurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer. The linked databases were also merged with causes of death database of Statistics Korea. The Cox-proportional hazards model was used to estimates the hazard risk of lung cancer for Korean adults aged ≥40 years with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Of 20,252 total participants, 2,640 (13.0%) had old pulmonary tuberculosis (a medical history of pulmonary tuberculosis or radiologically inactive tuberculosis). After adjusting for all covariates, the hazard ratio of lung cancer among patients with old pulmonary tuberculosis was 3.24 (95% CI, 1.87‒5.62) compared to the control group. According to smoking status, the hazard ratios of lung cancer for never smokers, ex-smokers, and current smokers among participants with old pulmonary tuberculosis were 3.52 (95% CI, 1.17‒10.63), 2.16 (95% CI, 0.89‒5.24), and 3.71 (95% CI, 1.49‒9.22) compared to the control group, respectively.
Korean adults with old pulmonary tuberculosis have a higher risk of lung cancer, compared to general population without pulmonary tuberculosis.
The association between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and cancer development is controversial, especially in Asia. Therefore, we conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study to assess the overall ...cancer risk and risk for specific cancers in patients with PD in Korea.
Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Database, we analysed 52,009 patients diagnosed with PD between 2010 and 2015 and 260,045 individuals without PD. Patients previously diagnosed with cancer were excluded. The age- and sex-matched cohorts were followed up until 2016 for cancer development. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between PD and cancer.
Patients with PD had a lower overall cancer risk (hazard ratio HR, 0.78; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.74–0.82) after adjustment for multiple covariates during 2,022,852.6 person-years of follow-up. Patients with PD showed significantly lower risk of laryngeal cancer (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21–0.84), gastric cancer (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.63–0.82), colorectal cancer (HR, 0.675; 95% CI, 0.60–0.76), liver cancer (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67–0.95), pancreatic cancer (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.62–0.91), lung cancer (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.63–0.84), leukaemia (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24–0.89), uterine cervical cancer (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.40–0.99) and prostate cancer (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66–0.91).
This nationwide population-based cohort study revealed that patients with PD had lower overall cancer risk and lower risk of specific cancers. Contrary to the results of the recent Asian study, this large cohort study revealed that patients with PD were less likely to develop cancer than those without PD in Korea. Our results were consistent with those of previous Western studies, despite differences in ethnicity and environment.
•Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) had a lower overall cancer risk than those without PD.•Patients with PD showed lower risk of colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, and pancreatic cancer.•They also showed lower risk of lung cancer, prostate cancer, laryngeal cancer, leukaemia and uterine cervical cancer.•Despite environmental, ethnic and socioeconomic differences, our results were consistent with previous Western studies.•Further studies are required to investigate the underlying mechanism of the association between PD and cancer.
Mammalian brain glycome remains a relatively poorly understood area compared to other large-scale “omics” studies, such as genomics and transcriptomics due to the inherent complexity and ...heterogeneity of glycan structure and properties. Here,we first performed spatial and temporal analysis of glycome expression patterns in the mammalian brain using a cutting-edge experimental tool based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, with the ultimate aim to yield valuable implications on molecular events regarding brain functions and development. We observed an apparent diversity in the glycome expression patterns, which is spatially well-preserved among nine different brain regions in mouse. Next, we explored whether the glycome expression pattern changes temporally during postnatal brain development by examining the prefrontal cortex (PFC) at different time point across six postnatal stages in mouse. We found that glycan expression profiles were dynamically regulated during postnatal developments. A similar result was obtained in PFC samples from humans ranging in age from 39 d to 49 y. Novel glycans unique to the brain were also identified. Interestingly, changes primarily attributed to sialylated and fucosylated glycans were extensively observed during PFC development. Finally, based on the vast heterogeneity of glycans, we constructed a core glyco-synthesis map to delineate the glycosylation pathway responsible for the glycan diversity during the PFC development. Our findings reveal high levels of diversity in a glycosylation program underlying brain region specificity and age dependency, and may lead to new studies exploring the role of glycans in spatiotemporally diverse brain functions.
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality in the elderly. This study was a nation-wide population-based retrospective cohort study of ...the National Health Insurance System-Senior Database (NHIS-SD). In this study, a total of 75,856 subjects were identified and selected from among 251,593 individuals aged ≥ 65 years who underwent health screening at least once between 2009 and 2012 and who had no history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The subjects of this study were followed-up until 2013 to identify the total mortality and the cause-specific mortality of 6 groups divided according to BMI. The hazard ratio (HR) by reference group (23 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2) of each group was calculated. A significant increase in the HR with a decreased BMI was observed in the group with a BMI < 23 kg/m2, whereas the HR in the group with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 was not significantly different than that of the reference group (23 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2). This pattern was also seen in the subgroup analyses in relation to age, smoking history, alcohol use, exercise level, and socioeconomic status. In this study, we found that a low BMI was a risk factor for death in the elderly and that no significant difference in mortality was seen in the elderly with a BMI of 25 or over. In terms of an optimal BMI in the elderly, it is important to maintain an appropriately healthy range of BMI with the aim of preventing weight loss.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Genome-wide transcription start site (TSS) profiles of the enterobacteria Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were experimentally determined through modified 5' RACE followed by deep ...sequencing of intact primary mRNA. This identified 3,746 and 3,143 TSSs for E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Experimentally determined TSSs were then used to define promoter regions and 5' UTRs upstream of coding genes. Comparative analysis of these regulatory elements revealed the use of multiple TSSs, identical sequence motifs of promoter and Shine-Dalgarno sequence, reflecting conserved gene expression apparatuses between the two species. In both species, over 70% of primary transcripts were expressed from operons having orthologous genes during exponential growth. However, expressed orthologous genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae showed a strikingly different organization of upstream regulatory regions with only 20% identical promoters with TSSs in both species. Over 40% of promoters had TSSs identified in only one species, despite conserved promoter sequences existing in the other species. 662 conserved promoters having TSSs in both species resulted in the same number of comparable 5' UTR pairs, and that regulatory element was found to be the most variant region in sequence among promoter, 5' UTR, and ORF. In K. pneumoniae, 48 sRNAs were predicted and 36 of them were expressed during exponential growth. Among them, 34 orthologous sRNAs between two species were analyzed in depth, and the analysis showed that many sRNAs of K. pneumoniae, including pleiotropic sRNAs such as rprA, arcZ, and sgrS, may work in the same way as in E. coli. These results reveal a new dimension of comparative genomics such that a comparison of two genomes needs to be comprehensive over all levels of genome organization.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PERCIST in Perspective O, Joo Hyun; Wahl, Richard L.
Nuclear medicine and molecular imaging,
02/2018, Letnik:
52, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Positron Emission tomography Response Criteria In Solid Tumors (PERCIST) version 1.0 was introduced in 2009 for objective assessment of tumor metabolic response using
18
F-FDG PET/CT. Practical ...PERCIST: A Simplified Guide to PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.0 was published in 2016 to review and clarify some of the issues with the PERCIST. In this article, we reflect on the benefits and challenges of implementing PERCIST, and speculate on topics that could be discussed in PERCIST 1.1 in the future.
Sex differences have been reported in the prognosis of certain cancers. In this study, we investigated whether Korean females display better survival rates compared with male patients for solid tumor ...sites.
We analyzed data from the Korean National Cancer Incidence Database from 599,288 adult patients diagnosed with solid cancers between 2005 and 2009. Patients were followed until December 2010. We applied a relative excess risk (RER) model adjusting for year of follow-up, age at diagnosis, and stage at diagnosis.
For all solid cancer sites combined, women displayed an 11% lower risk of death compared to men (RER 0.89; 95% CI 0.88-0.90) after adjusting for year of follow-up, age, stage, and case mix. Women showed significantly lower RERs for the following sites: head/neck, esophagus, small intestine, liver, nasal cavities, lung, bone/cartilages, melanoma of skin, soft tissue, brain and CNS, and thyroid. In contrast, women displayed a poorer prognosis than did men for colorectal, laryngeal, kidney and bladder cancer. However, the survival gaps between men and women narrowed by increase in age; female patients over 75 years of age displayed a 3% higher RER of death compared with males in this age group.
Female cancer patients display an improved survival for the majority of solid tumor sites, even after adjustment for age and stage. Age at diagnosis was the major contributor to the women's survival advantage.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Here, we report three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of dendrimer-encapsulated Pt nanoparticles (Pt DENs) by using 3-D electron tomography to reveal intricate structural characteristics of their ...whole organic–inorganic hybrid nanostructure. We reconstructed the 3-D spatial volume of Pt DENs by back-projecting a tilt series of two-dimensional (2-D) projections of Pt nanoparticles encapsulated inside dendrimers negatively stained with uranyl acetate. The direct 3-D visualization of Pt DENs elucidated their encapsulation characteristics with the spatial imaging of Pt nanoparticles embraced inside dendrimers in three dimensions. The encapsulation characteristics of Pt DENs were further verified with selective electrochemical poisoning experiments. In addition, quantitative 3-D structural characterization of Pt DENs provided more accurate and precise size distributions of nanoparticles than those obtained from conventional 2-D transmission electron microscopy analysis relying only on a 3-D structure projected on a 2-D plane.
Highlights • ORAI1 is involved in UV-induced melanogenesis. • F. vulgare extract, which prevent UV-induced melanogenesis, inhibited ORAI1 and tyrosinase activity. • trans -Anethole (TA) was isolated ...from F. vulgare extract. • TA inhibited UV-induced melanogenesis via ORAI1 inhibition without affecting tyrosinase activity. • TA might provide a novel option for treating UV-induced melanogenesis.
•Three useful compounds from agarose hydrolysis were separated by chromatography.•The adsorbent used in the proposed chromatographic process was Dowex-50WX8.•The removal of LA and 5-HMF from agarose ...hydrolysate was performed.•The simultaneous recoveries of galactose, LA, and 5-HMF were also performed.•High purities and high yields were obtained for galactose, LA, and 5-HMF.
A chromatographic process based on Dowex-50WX8 resin was proposed for the separation of three valuable compounds from the acid hydrolysis of agarose, the main component of red algae. The three compounds from such hydrolysis include galactose, levulinic acid (LA), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). The first task was focused on the recovery of galactose from agarose hydrolysate. The results from the related chromatographic separation experiments showed that high-purity of galactose product could be obtained with high yield and high productivity by setting the column loading at 18.8vol.%. The second task was aimed to recover all the three compounds with high purities. It was confirmed that the simultaneous recoveries of galactose, LA, and 5-HMF with high purities (>98%) and high yields (>97%) were feasible at the column loading of 9.4vol.%, which was verified first for a model solution and then for an actual agarose-hydrolysate solution. In addition, the productivity and yield of 5-HMF were found to be much higher than those of galactose and LA.
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