The goat (Capra hircus) is one of the first farm animals that have undergone domestication and extensive natural and artificial selection by adapting to various environments, which in turn has ...resulted in its high level of phenotypic diversity. Here, we generated medium-coverage (9-13×) sequences from eight domesticated goat breeds, representing morphologically or geographically specific populations, to identify genomic regions representing selection signatures. We discovered ~10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for each breed. By combining two approaches, ZH
and di values, we identified 22 genomic regions that may have contributed to the phenotypes in coat color patterns, body size, cashmere traits, as well as high altitude adaptation in goat populations. Candidate genes underlying strong selection signatures including coloration (ASIP, KITLG, HTT, GNA11, and OSTM1), body size (TBX15, DGCR8, CDC25A, and RDH16), cashmere traits (LHX2, FGF9, and WNT2), and hypoxia adaptation (CDK2, SOCS2, NOXA1, and ENPEP) were identified. We also identified candidate functional SNPs within selected genes that may be important for each trait. Our results demonstrated the potential of using sequence data in identifying genomic regions that are responsible for agriculturally significant phenotypes in goats, which in turn can be used in the selection of goat breeds for environmental adaptation and domestication.
The accumulation of ovarian granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis underlies follicular atresia. By comparing the previous sequencing results, miR-486 was found to be differentially expressed at higher levels ...in the monotocous goat than in the polytocous goat. Unfortunately, the miRNA-mediated mechanisms by which the GC fate is regulated are unknown in Guanzhong dairy goats. Therefore, we investigated miR-486 expression in small and large follicles, as well as its impact on normal GC survival, apoptosis and autophagy in vitro. Here, we identified and characterized miR-486 interaction with Ser/Arg-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) using luciferase reporter analysis, detecting its role in GC survival, apoptosis and autophagy regulation through qRT-PCR, Western blot, CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential and monodansylcadaverine, etc. Our findings revealed prominent effects of miR-486 in the regulation of GC survival, apoptosis and autophagy by targeting
, which might explain the high differential expression of miR-486 in the ovaries of monotocous dairy goats. In summary, this study aimed to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism of miR-486 regulation on GC function and its effect on ovarian follicle atresia in dairy goats, as well as the functional interpretation of the downstream target gene
.
In order to investigate the effects of engineering cementitious composite (ECC) used as post-cast materials and anchorage length of beam longitudinal rebars in the ECC cast-in-place joints on ...collapse behavior of precast reinforced concrete (PRC) structures, static pushdown collapse tests on scaled PRC beam-column (BC) sub-assemblages were carried out. Three BC sub-assemblage specimens having a double-span beam and a middle column joint were designed and fabricated with the same geometric dimensions, including one monolithic specimen BC0 and two PRC specimens BC1 and BC2. The specimen BC0 was cast in site with normal concrete, while the double-span beams of specimens BC1 and BC2 were first cast with normal concrete and then the middle column joint was post cast with ECC. The anchorage length of beam longitudinal rebars embedded into the middle joint was 29d, 20d, and 10d (d is the diameter of beam rebar) respectively for specimens BC0, BC1, and BC2, which could produce different splice length in the middle joint. On the basis of tests, refined finite element (FE) models were established and reasonably verified by a detailed comparison between numerical and experimental results. Based on the validated FE models, a parametric analysis was performed to study the effects of horizontal constraint stiffness, anchorage length, and bond strength between beam longitudinal rebars and ECC on collapse resistance of PRC sub-assemblages. The results showed that the application of ECC as the post cast material in the joint of PRC sub-assemblages could achieve similar collapse behavior to the monolithic counterpart and reduce the anchorage length of beam longitudinal rebars with a suggested lower limit of 20d. The bond strength between rebar and ECC in the joint had obvious influence on the collapse resistance and deformation capacity at large deformation stage.
Increasing evidence has shown that miRNAs play important roles in endometrium development during the menstrual cycle in humans and many other animals. Our previous data indicated that miR-182 levels ...increase 15.55-fold and pleiotrophin (PTN) levels decrease 20.97-fold in the receptive endometrium (RE, D15) compared with the pre-receptive endometrium (PE, D5) in dairy goats. The present study shows that miR-182 is widely expressed in different tissues of dairy goats and that its expression levels are regulated by E2 and P4 in endometrial epithelium cells (EECs). We confirmed that PTN is a target of miR-182 and that miR-182 regulates the protein levels of AKT, Bcl-2, FAS, MAPK, Caspase-3 and SP1 in EECs. Furthermore, miR-182 up-regulates or maintains the expression levels of osteopontin (OPN), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) in EECs, suggesting that miR-182 is an important regulatory factor in the construction of endometrial receptivity in dairy goats. In conclusion, miR-182 participates in the development of endometrial receptivity by down-regulating PTN and affecting the expression of select apoptosis-related genes and increasing or maintaining the expression levels of OPN, COX-2 and PRLR in the EECs of dairy goats.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Two carbonation approaches are considered for studying the effects on the hardening mechanisms of slurries made of 100 wt% electric arc furnace steel slag (EAF) slag or 80 wt% EAF slag incorporating ...20 wt% of Portland cement, which are applied during the hot-stage pretreatment with simulated gas for raw steel slag or the accelerated carbonation curing of slurry. The mechanical strengths, carbonate products, microstructures and CO
2
uptakes were quantitatively investigated. Results manifest that accelerated carbonation curing increases the compressive strengths of steel slag slurry, from 17.1 MPa (binder of 80 wt% EAF and 20 wt% cement under standard moisture curing) to 36.0 MPa (binder of 80 wt% EAF and 20 wt% cement under accelerated carbonation curing), with a CO
2
uptake of 52%. In contrast, hot-stage carbonation applied during the pretreatment of steel slag increases the compressive strengths to 43.7 MPa (binder of 80 wt% carbonated EAF and 20 wt% cement under accelerated carbonation curing), with a CO
2
uptake of 67%. Hotstage carbonation of steel slag is found for particle agglomeration, minerals remodeling and calcite formed, thus causing an activated steel slag with a dense structure and more active components. Accelerated carbonation curing of steel slag slurry paste results in the newly formed amorphous CaCO
3
, calcite crystalline and silica gels that covered the pores of the matrix, facilitating microstructure densification and strength improvement. Adopting the combinative methods of the hot-stage CO
2
pretreatment and accelerated carbonation curing creates a promising high-volume steel slag-based binder with high strengths and CO
2
storage.
MicroRNAs play an essential role in mammary gland development, and involution is a factor that limits lactation. Chi-miR-8516 is one of the validated microRNAs that regulates the expression of
and
, ...which surge during the involution of the mammary gland. This study aims to explore the direct or indirect regulation of
and
by chi-miR-8516 and the regulation of chi-miR-8516 by circ-140. In goat mammary epithelial cells, we found that chi-miR-8516 takes circ-140 as a sponge and regulates
expression by targeting
and promoting the phosphorylation of MAPK. The examination of αs1-/β-casein and lipid showed the modulation of the circ-140/chi-miR-8516/
-
axis in casein secretion and lipid formation, which was regulated by the phosphorylation of mTOR and STAT5. This study illustrates an axis that regulates the synthesis of milk components, and explores the pathways in which the axis participates.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, highly conserved small noncoding RNAs that had fundamental roles in post-transcriptional gene expression, and they are crucial for proper control of biological processes ...and known to participate in embryo implantation. However, miRNA expression profiles in the pre-receptive and receptive phases of the goat endometrium during embryo implantation are unknown.
A total of 1,069 and 847 miRNAs were expressed in receptive (R) and pre-receptive (P) goat endometrium, and 632 miRNAs were co-expressed in both phases. We identified 545 (50.98%) known miRNAs in the R library and 522 (61.63%) in the P library. There were 110 up-expressed miRNAs and 33 down-expressed miRNAs in receptive endometrium compared with the pre-receptive endometrium meeting the criteria of P-values< 0.05. Moreover, GO and KEGG analysis of the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs revealed some candidate miRNAs, genes and pathways that may involve in the formation of the receptive endometrium. Based on stem-loop RT-qPCR, 15 miRNAs were detected and the results suggested that the majority of the miRNA expression data measured by Solexa deep sequencing could represent actual miRNA expression levels.
Our data revealed the first miRNA profile related to the biology of the goat receptive endometrium during embryo implantation, and the results suggested that a subset of miRNAs might play important roles in the formation of endometrial receptivity. Thus, elucidating the physiological roles of endometrial miRNAs will help us better understand the genetic control of embryo implantation in goats.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) plays a central role in folate metabolism by irreversibly converting 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methylenetetrahydrofolate, a predominant ...circulating form of folate. Folate is reportedly important for milk protein synthesis, and MTHFR may be a key regulatory point of folate metabolism for milk protein synthesis in mammary epithelial cells. Prior to this study, polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene were not associated with milk production traits from a breeding perspective. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at microRNA (miRNA) binding sites (miR-SNPs) can affect gene expression. This study aimed to identify the effects of miR-SNPs (g.2244A>G and g.2264A>G) in the caprine MTHFR 3' UTR on the milk production traits of dairy goats.
Guanzhong dairy (GD, n = 325) goats were used to detect SNPs in the caprine MTHFR 3' UTR by DNA sequencing. Two novel SNPs (g.2244A>G and g.2264A>G) were identified in the said region. The homozygous haplotype A-G of the SNPs g.2244A>G and g.2264A>G was significantly associated with milk yield and milk protein levels in GD goats (P < 0.05). Functional assays indicated that the MTHFR 2244 A → G substitution could increase the binding activity of hsa-miR-1266 with the MTHFR 3' UTR. The MTHFR 2264 A → G substitution could decrease the binding activity of hsa-miR-616 with the MTHFR 3' UTR. In addition, we observed a significant increase in the MTHFR mRNA levels of homozygous haplotype A-G carriers relative to those of homozygous haplotype G-A carriers. These results indicated that both SNPs altered the MTHFR mRNA levels. These altered levels of MTHFR mRNA may account for the association of SNPs with milk production traits.
This study is the first to report that the g.2244A>G and g.2264A>G polymorphisms were associated with milk production traits in GD goats. Further investigations should explore the underlying miRNA-mediated mechanisms that are modified by the g.2244A>G and g.2264A>G SNPs. The current study evaluated these SNPs as potential genetic markers in goats, with potential applications in breeding programs.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The development of the udder and the milk yield are closely related to the number and vitality of mammary epithelial cells. Many previous studies have proved that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are widely ...involved in mammary gland development and the physiological activities of lactation. Our laboratory previous sequencing data revealed that miR-574-5p was differentially expressed during the colostrum and peak lactation stages, while the molecular mechanism of the regulatory effect of miR-574-5p on goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) is unclear. In this study, the targeting relationship was detected between miR-574-5p or ecotropic viral integration site 5-like (
) and circRNA-006258. The results declared that miR-574-5p induced the down-regulation of
expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, while circRNA-006258 relieved the inhibitory effect through adsorbing miR-574-5p.
blocked the G1 phase and promoted the S phase by activating the Rab23/ITGB1/TIAM1/Rac1-TGF-β/Smad pathway in GMECs. By increasing the protein expression of Bcl2 and reducing the protein expression of Bax,
promoted cell growth and inhibited apoptosis. The activation of the PI3K/AKT-mTOR signaling pathway promoted the production of triacylglycerol (TAG) and β-casein in GMECs. The circRNA-006258/miR-574-5p/EVI5L axis could regulate the cell growth and milk synthesis of GMECs by sponge-adsorbed miR-574-5p. These results would provide scientific evidence for precision animal breeding in the industry of dairy goats.
(
) is a zoonotic chronic infectious disease. It mainly occurs in dairy goats reared in herds, and once it invades the dairy goats, it is difficult to completely remove it, causing great harm to the ...development of the sheep industry. This study mainly was based on TMT-based quantitative proteomics and RNA-seq methods to measure the spleen samples of infected dairy goats at different time periods. Nine four-month-old dairy goats were divided into three groups, with three goats in each group. The dairy goats in the first group (NC group) were inoculated with 1.0 mL of sterilized normal saline subcutaneously, and the second (72 h group) and third groups (144 h group) were inoculated with 1.0 mL of 1 × 10
cfu/mL bacterial solution subcutaneously in the neck. Significant changes in the protein and mRNA expression were observed in different infection and control groups. In the 72 h group, 85 genes with differential genes and proteins were up-regulated and 91 genes were down-regulated in this study. In the 144 h group, 38 genes with differential genes and proteins were up-regulated and 51 genes were down-regulated. It was found that 21 differentially expressed genes and proteins were co-up-regulated in the two groups. There were 20 differentially expressed genes and proteins which were co-down-regulated in both groups. The 72 h group were mainly enriched in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and the estrogen signaling pathway. In the 144 h group, they were protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway which was enriched by mRNA-proteins pairs co-upregulated by the five pairs. The combined transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed to provide insights into the effects of
through several regulatory features and pathways. We found that in the early stage of infection (72 h), the co-upregulated gene-protein pairs were enriched in multiple pathways, which jointly defended against a bacterial invasion. However, in the later stages of infection (144 h), when the disease stabilizes, a few co-upregulated gene-protein pairs played a role in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway. In addition, the mRNA and protein expressions of dairy goats infected with the bacteria at different periods of time indicated the adaptability of dairy goats to the bacteria. At the same time, it guides us to carry out a corresponding treatment and feeding management for dairy goats according to different periods of time.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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