El Prácticum se concibe como una de las variables constructoras del eje vertebral de las profesiones, al abordar el desarrollo de las competencias generales y específicas desde miradas ...teórico-experienciales, incidiendo en la visibilización y el desarrollo de la profesión como tal. Se plantea la siguiente cuestión: ¿Qué tipo de trabajos de investigación se han publicado en cuanto al Prácticum y la Educación Social? Para dar respuesta se propone el objetivo de indagar sobre las investigaciones publicadas en las actas de los Symposium celebrados en Poio (España) (1987-2022) ligando el Prácticum, las Prácticas externas y la titulación. Esta revisión revela datos interesantes: los 151 trabajos analizados presentan un índice de coautoría del 74%, situando la participación de autoría femenina en un 72%; desde la universidad pública se ha publicado de forma constante y elevada, contribuyendo en un porcentaje del 89%. En conclusión, se destaca la importancia del carácter formativo del Prácticum.
During three academic years, an accompaniment and mentoring project has been developed for new teachers in educational centers with difficult performance in Polígono Sur (Seville), which is one of ...the poorest areas of the country. It is enclosed in the Research, Innovation and Materials Projects of the Education Council of the Junta de Andalucia. This project contemplates two fundamental figures: mentors and mentees. Herein it proposes to define representative socio-educational variables of the mentor, desirable competency profile and positive aspects of the program. The sample size is 57 mentors in 6 primary and secondary schools. For the collection of information, 2 surveys are used, with qualitative and quantitative items. The results indicate as key characteristics of the mentor in these contexts: teaching experience, knowledge of the schools and environment, ability to show empathy/assertiveness and problem solving and immediate decision making. The main conclusion is to find the desirable profile of the mentor for each school.
Durante tres cursos, enmarcado en Proyectos de investigación, innovación y materiales de la Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Andalucía, se desarrolla un proyecto de acompañamiento y mentoría para profesorado novel en centros educativos de difícil desempeño del Polígono Sur (Sevilla); una de las zonas más pobres del país. Contempla dos figuras fundamentales: mentores y mentorizados. Este trabajo plantea definir variables socioeducativas representativas del mentor, perfil competencial deseable y aspectos positivos del programa. El tamaño de muestra es de 57 mentores en 6 centros de infantil, primaria y secundaria. Para la recogida de información se utilizan 2 formularios, con ítems de corte cualitativo y cuantitativo. Los resultados señalan como características claves del mentor en estos contextos: experiencia docente, conocimientos del centro y entorno, capacidad de mostrar empatía/asertividad y resolución de problemas e inmediata toma de decisiones. La conclusión principal es encontrar el perfil deseable del mentor para cada centro y etapa.
This article describes the consultancy provided by the UTEC-UNED-TECSUP University Consortium to six national universities in Peru, during the COVID-19 state of emergency. This action aims to promote ...the techno-pedagogical change from a face-to-face to a virtual/online educational context. The process consists of three stages that ensured the continuity of the virtual/online educational service: diagnosis, design, and training, to strengthen instructional and digital competencies, support, and techno-pedagogical monitoring. It includes the basic principles of constructivist and constructionist learning theories for active and quality teaching and learning for the agents involved, and, in addition, the guidelines set by the emerging Peruvian regulations during the pandemic to move towards a digital university model according to the times. After a 157-day intervention, the analysis of the results raises some reflections: the importance of the socio-cultural context and its influence on the concept and development of the instructional act; the concept of distance learning in territories where connectivity is the main difficulty, and the university institution, in terms of a non-presential educational model with open and versatile methodologies, which anticipates a long process, involves a scheduled follow-up, requires fluid communication and demands continuous feedback.
Acylhomoserine lactone (AHLs)-mediated quorum-sensing (QS) processes seem to be common in the marine environment and among marine pathogenic bacteria, but no data are available on the prevalence of ...bacteria capable of interfering with QS in the sea, a process that has been generally termed ‘quorum quenching' (QQ). One hundred and sixty-six strains isolated from different marine dense microbial communities were screened for their ability to interfere with AHL activity. Twenty-four strains (14.4%) were able to eliminate or significantly reduce N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone activity as detected by the biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, a much higher percentage than that reported for soil isolates, which reinforces the ecological role of QS and QQ in the marine environment. Among these, 15 strains were also able to inhibit N-decanoyl-l-homoserine lactone activity and all of them were confirmed to enzymatically inactivate the AHL signals by HPLC-MS. Active isolates belonged to nine different genera of prevalently or exclusively marine origin, including members of the Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria (8), Actinobacteria (2), Firmicutes (4) and Bacteroidetes (1). Whether the high frequency and diversity of cultivable bacteria with QQ activity found in near-shore marine isolates reflects their prevalence among pelagic marine bacterial communities deserves further investigation in order to understand the ecological importance of AHL-mediated QS and QQ processes in the marine environment.
Current metagenomic tools allow the recovery of microbial genomes directly from the environment. This can be accomplished by binning metagenomic contigs according to their coverage and ...tetranucleotide frequency, followed by an estimation of the bin quality. The public availability of bioinformatics tools, together with the decreasing cost of next generation sequencing, are democratizing this powerful approach that is spreading from specialized research groups to the general public. Using metagenomes from hypersaline environments, as well as mock metagenomes composed of Archaea and Bacteria frequently found in these systems, we have analyzed the advantages and difficulties of the binning process in these extreme environments to tackle microbial population diversity. These extreme systems harbor relatively low species diversity but high intraspecific diversity, which can compromise metagenome assembly and therefore the whole binning process. The main goal is to compare the output of the binning process with what is previously known from the analyzed samples, based on years of study using different approaches. Several scenarios have been analyzed in detail: (i) a good quality bin from a species highly abundant in the environment; (ii) an intermediate quality bin with incongruences that can be solved by further analyses and manual curation, and (iii) a low-quality bin to investigate the failure to recover a very abundant microbial genome as well as some possible solutions. The latter can be considered the “great metagenomics anomaly” and is mainly due to assembly problems derived from the microdiversity of naturally co-existing populations in nature.
El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la práctica reflexiva como elemento facilitador del conocimiento práctico. Para ello, se realizó un análisis cualitativo de 52 diarios de clase, realizados por ...estudiantes del Máster de Formación del Profesorado de Enseñanza Secundaria, de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), España, durante el curso académico 2016-2017. El análisis muestra que los diarios de clase son un instrumento eficaz para desarrollar el pensamiento reflexivo de los profesores, facilitan el aprendizaje experiencial y permiten el desarrollo de competencias profesionales necesarias para el ejercicio docente.
Summary
Peñahueca is an athalassohaline hypersaline inland ephemeral lake originated under semiarid conditions in the central Iberian Peninsula (Spain). Its chemical composition makes it extreme for ...microbial life as well as a terrestrial analogue of other planetary environments. To investigate the persistence of microbial life associated with sulfate‐rich crusts, we applied cultivation‐independent methods (optical and electron microscopy, 16S rRNA gene profiling and metagenomics) to describe the prokaryotic community and its associated viruses. The diversity for Bacteria was very low and was vastly dominated by endospore formers related to Pontibacillus marinus of the Firmicutes phylum. The archaeal assemblage was more diverse and included taxa related to those normally found in hypersaline environments. Several ‘metagenome assembled genomes’ were recovered, corresponding to new species of Pontibacillus, several species from the Halobacteria and one new member of the Nanohaloarchaeota. The viral assemblage, although composed of the morphotypes typical of high salt systems, showed little similarity to previously isolated/reconstructed halophages. Several putative prophages of Pontibacillus and haloarchaeal hosts were identified. Remarkably, the Peñahueca sulfate‐rich metagenome contained CRISPR‐associated proteins and repetitions which were over 10‐fold higher than in most hypersaline systems analysed so far.
Diferentes estudios coinciden en señalar la importancia de una buena dirección escolar en la mejora de los aprendizajes. Conocer la problemática a la que se enfrentan las direcciones diariamente debe ...ser útil no únicamente para concederles más apoyo, sino también para confeccionar programas de formación directiva basados en la realidad de las instituciones educativas. Con este trabajo nos proponemos investigar cómo afecta al director actual el conjunto de problemas diagnosticados en décadas anteriores, verificando cuáles se mantienen vigentes en la actualidad y cuáles de las funciones que la normativa les adjudica les generan mayor problemática a la hora de llevarlas a cabo. Para ello aplicamos un cuestionario preparado ad-hoc a una muestra representativa de una población de 242 directoras/es de los centros públicos de primaria y secundaria de la delegación territorial de Barcelona Comarcas, en Cataluña. La teoría muestra la escasa formación requerida tradicionalmente para el acceso al cargo de director y se corresponde con la pobre formación directiva que manifiestan tener las direcciones estudiadas. Los resultados ratifican la vigencia en la actualidad de problemáticas como la excesiva carga de trabajo, la deficiente formación técnica recibida, el incumplimiento laboral de los docentes que dirigen y el poco respaldo de la Administración. Las funciones relacionadas con el liderazgo pedagógico, con la organización del centro y con la jefatura de personal son por este orden las que se perciben como las más difíciles de llevar a cabo. Posibles soluciones pasan por proporcionar a las direcciones un marco que les permita desarrollarse profesionalmente a partir de una formación específica en competencias relacionadas con el liderazgo pedagógico y las relaciones interpersonales y les dote de mayor capacidad de actuación y decisión.
The GH81 family includes proteins with endo-β-1,3-glucanase widely distributed in yeast and fungi, which are also present in plants and bacteria. We have studied the activity of the
Saccharomyces ...cerevisiae ScEng2 and the
Schizosaccharomyces pombe SpEng1 and SpEng2 proteins. All three proteins exclusively hydrolyzed linear β-1,3-glucan chains. Laminari-oligosaccharide degradation revealed that the minimum substrate length that the three endoglucanases were able to efficiently degrade was a molecule with at least 5 glucose residues, suggesting that the active site of the enzymes recognized five glucose units. Prediction of the secondary structure of ScEng2 and comparison with proteins of known structure allowed the identification of a 404-amino acid region with a structure similar to the
Clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase CelA. This fragment showed similar enzymatic characteristics to those of the complete protein, suggesting that it contains the catalytic domain of this family of proteins. Within this domain, four conserved Asp and Glu residues (D518, D588, E609, and E613) are necessary for enzymatic activity.
Aunque existe una amplia investigación centrada en el perfil competencial del/de la tutor/a de prácticas, hay pocos trabajos que contextualicen la tutoría en la educación a distancia. Este estudio ...aborda la perspectiva tutorial en entornos donde se combina la presencialidad con los contextos virtuales de enseñanza. Las prácticas en la UNED se definen por la multiplicidad de agentes, el/ la tutor/a profesional, el equipo docente virtual, y el profesorado tutor/a que, respondiendo a la implantación territorial de esta universidad, se distribuye a través de la red de centros asociados. Esta realidad otorga unas características propias al proceso tutorial. El objetivo del estudio es analizar estos elementos diferenciales desde la óptica de los agentes implicados (tutor/a profesional, profesores/as tutores/as y estudiantes). Para ello, se adoptó una perspectiva cualitativa e interpretativa de los textos generados por los/as participantes a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados evidencian dimensiones estructurales, relacionales y competenciales que definen el papel de las figuras tutoriales en la formación del aprendiz. Partiendo de estas dimensiones, se constata que en la enseñanza a distancia se revelan necesidades tutoriales específicas que demandan un perfil competencial propio y diferencial en ambas figuras (profesor/a tutor/a y tutor/a profesional), siendo por ello necesario realizar una adecuada selección y capacitación previa de los mismos.