The MetroFission project, a Joint Research Project within the European Metrology Research Program, aims at addressing a number of metrological problems involved in the design of proposed Generation ...IV nuclear reactors. As part of this project a secondary neutron fluence standard is being developed and tested at the neutron time-of-flight facility GELINA of the JRCs Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements. Such a secondary standard will help to arrive at the neutron cross section measurement uncertainties required for the design and safety assessment of new generation power plants and fuel cycles. Such a neutron fluence device contains targets for which the neutron induced cross section is considered to be a standard. A careful preparation and characterization of these samples is an essential part of the development of the secondary standard. In this framework a set of sup.235U targets has been produced by vapour deposition of UF.sub.4 on aluminium backings by IRMMs target preparation laboratory. These targets have been characterized for both their total mass and mass distribution over the sample area. Keywords sup.235U * Characterization * Mass determination * Alpha-particle counting * Metrology
Reactions on certain proton-rich, radioactive nuclei have been shown to have a significant influence on X-ray bursts. We provide an overview of two recent measurements of important X-ray burst ...reactions using in-flight radioactive ion beams from the RESOLUT facility at the J. D. Fox Superconducting Accelerator Laboratory at Florida State University. The 17F(d,n)18Ne reaction was measured, and Asymptotic Normalization Coefficients were extracted for bound states in 18Ne that determine the direct-capture cross section dominating the 17F(p,γ)18Ne reaction rate for T≲ 0.45 GK. Unbound resonant states were also studied, and the single-particle strength for the 4.523-MeV (3+) state was found to be consistent with previous results. The 19Ne(d,n)20Na proton transfer reaction was used to study resonances in the 19Ne(p,γ)20Na reaction. The most important 2.65-MeV state in 20Na was observed to decay by proton emission to both the ground and first-excited states in 19Ne, providing strong evidence for a 3+ spin assignment and indicating that proton capture on the thermally-populated first-excited state in 19Ne is an important contributor to the 19Ne(p,γ)20Na reaction rate.
The MetroFission project, a Joint Research Project within the European Metrology Research Program, aims at addressing a number of metrological problems involved in the design of proposed Generation ...IV nuclear reactors. As part of this project a secondary neutron fluence standard is being developed and tested at the neutron time-of-flight facility GELINA of the JRCs Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements. Such a secondary standard will help to arrive at the neutron cross section measurement uncertainties required for the design and safety assessment of new generation power plants and fuel cycles. Such a neutron fluence device contains targets for which the neutron induced cross section is considered to be a standard. A careful preparation and characterization of these samples is an essential part of the development of the secondary standard. In this framework a set of
235
U targets has been produced by vapour deposition of UF
4
on aluminium backings by IRMMs target preparation laboratory. These targets have been characterized for both their total mass and mass distribution over the sample area.
Abstract
Background
Omadacycline is an aminomethylcycline antibiotic in the tetracycline class that was approved by the US FDA in 2018 for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ...acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. It is available in both IV and oral formulations. Omadacycline has broad-spectrum in vitro activity and clinical efficacy against infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Omadacycline is being evaluated in a 3 month placebo-controlled Phase 2 clinical trial of oral omadacycline versus placebo in adults with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium abscessus (NCT04922554).
Objectives
To determine if omadacycline has intracellular antimicrobial activity against NTM, bacteria that can cause chronic lung disease, in an ex vivo model of intracellular infection.
Methods
Two strains of M. abscessus were used to infect THP-1 macrophages. Intracellular M. abscessus was then challenged with omadacycline and control antibiotics at multiples of the MIC over time to evaluate intracellular killing.
Results
At 16 × the MIC at 72 h, omadacycline treatment of intracellular NTM yielded a log10 reduction in cfu of 1.1 (91.74% reduction in cfu) and 1.6 (97.65% reduction in cfu) consistent with killing observed with tigecycline, whereas amikacin and clarithromycin at 16 × the MIC did not show any reduction in cfu against the intracellular M. abscessus.
Conclusions
Omadacycline displayed intracellular activity against M. abscessus within macrophages. The activity was similar to that of tigecycline; as expected, intracellular killing was not observed with clarithromycin and amikacin.
Abstract
Introduction
Cardiotoxicity restricts anthracycline and trastuzumab treatment of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 positive early breast cancer. Endothelial dysfunction and ...arteriosclerosis are significant cardiovascular risk factors.
Purpose
We studied the effect of anthracycline-based chemotherapy, with or without trastuzumab, on endothelium and arteriosclerosis in patients with breast cancer.
Methods
In this case-control study, 52 women with breast cancer and 104 women without breast cancer were examined longitudinally up to 15 months following (in the breast cancer group) initiation of chemotherapy. Arterial stiffness was evaluated through pulse wave velocity (PWV), while endothelial function via flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) at baseline (T0), 3 (T1), 6 (T2), and 15 (T3) months later.
Results
There was no difference between subjects with breast cancer and control in PWV and FMD at baseline. Longitudinally, participants with breast cancer exhibited considerable impairment of PWV and FMD compared to the control group (p for interaction < 0.001 for both parameters). In breast cancer patient there was a significant increase from T0 to T3 in PWV (7.43 ± 1.68 m/sec vs. 8.18 ± 2.00 m/sec, p = 0.01) and decrease in FMD (6.95 ± 2.86 % vs. 5.03 ± 2.83 %, p = 0.006). The addition of trastuzumab in the treatment did not have any effect on PWV (p = 0.74) or FMD (p = 0.91).
Conclusions
In patients with breast cancer, there is progression of endothelial dysfunction and arteriosclerosis up to 15 months following initiation of anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Trastuzumab has no additive effect on endothelial function or arterial stiffness.Figure 1Figure 2
Myocardial function is impaired in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Inhibition of interleukin (IL)-1 activity reduces experimental myocardial infarction by limiting apoptosis. We investigated whether a) ...soluble apoptotic markers are related with impaired left ventricular (LV) performance and b) treatment with anakinra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, reduces apoptotic markers leading to improved LV performance in RA. We studied 46 RA patients. In an acute, double-blind cross-over trial, 23 patients were randomised to a single injection of anakinra or placebo and after 48 hours (h) to the alternative treatment. In a chronic trial, 23 patients who received anakinra for 30 days were compared with 23 patients who received prednisolone. At baseline, 3 h and 30 days after treatment, we measured circulating IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Fas, Fas-ligand and caspase-9 to assess apoptosis. At baseline and 30 days after treatment, we assessed LV longitudinal strain, strain rate and E/Em ratio using 2D-speckle tracking and tissue Doppler echocardiography. At baseline, increased apoptotic markers were related with reduced LongSRS and increased E/Em (p<0.05). After 3 h and 30 days of anakinra, there was a reduction in Fas (median 481 vs. 364 vs. 301 pg/ml), Fas-ligand (median 289 vs. 221 vs. 190 pg/ml), caspase-9 (median 1.90 vs. 1.40 vs. 1.07 ng/ml), TNF-α and IL-1β (p<0.05 for all comparisons). E/Em, LongS and LongSRS were improved after anakinra (p<0.01) and their percent changes were related with the corresponding changes of Fas and caspase-9 (p<0.05). No changes of the examined parameters were observed after prednisolone. In conclusion, inhibition of IL-1 activity by anakinra reduces apoptotic markers leading to improved LV performance in RA.
Historic plasters from wall paintings of Byzantine and post-Byzantine churches situated in the Balkan region were studied. All wall paintings were made with fresco technique and are dated from IX XVI ...century. Plaster samples were followed from room temperature to 1000DGC by Thermogravimetric (TG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and one or two significant temperature regions, corresponding to thermal decomposition mechanisms were observed. The analysis of the plaster samples and the composition characterization was carried out using also, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Although the main components are calcite and quartz (from sand) in different proportions, there are differences between them such as the presence of gypsum being either as a constituent element or due to environmental pollution. The results are examined comparatively taking into account the creation time and place of the paintings.
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