This article examines the implementation of Peru's new water law and discusses how it produces new forms of water citizenship. Inspired by the global paradigm of "integrated water resources ...management," the law aims to include all citizens in the management of the country's water resources by embracing a "new water culture." We ask what forms of water citizenship emerge from the new water law and how they engage with local water practices and affect existing relations of inequality. We answer these questions ethnographically by comparing previous water legislation and how the new law currently is negotiated and contested in three localities in Peru's southern highlands. We argue that the law creates a new water culture that views water as a substance that is measurable, quantifiable, and taxable, but that it neglects other ways of valuing water. We conclude that water citizenship emerges from the particular ways water authorities and water users define rights to access and use water, on the one hand, and obligations to contribute to the construction and maintenance of water infrastructure and pay for the use of water, on the other. Este artículo examina la implementación de la nueva ley de agua del Perú y evalúa cómo produce nuevas formas de ciudanía de agua. El fin de la ley que ha sido influida por la paradigma global del "manejo integral de recursos de agua" es incluir todos los ciudadanos en el manejo de los recursos de agua del país acogiendo una nueva "cultura de agua". Nuestra pregunta de investigación es ¿qué tipos de ciudanía surge de la nueva ley y cómo engrana esta con las prácticas de agua locales y afecta las relaciones de desigualdad existentes? Respondemos a la pregunta etnográficamente explorando y comparando cómo legislaciones de agua anteriores han sido practicadas y cómo la nueva ley es negociado y impugnado actualmente en tres localidades en la Sierra Sur del Perú. Sugerimos que la ley crea una nueva cultura de agua que considera el agua como una sustancia que es medible, cuantificable y imponible pero que no obstante ignora otras formas de valorar el agua. Concluimos que la ciudanía de agua surge de las maneras particulares que las autoridades de agua y los usuarios de agua definen por un lado los derechos de acceder agua y por otro lado las obligaciones de contribuir a la construcción y el mantenimiento de la infraestructura de agua y el pago por el uso de agua.
Antropologer har længe undersøgt fremtider og arbejdet metodisk med, hvordan man kan undersøge endnu ikke eksisterende verdener etnografisk. Nu kan man ved hjælp af virtual reality (VR) bygge ...virtuelle verdener, som folk kan bevæge sig rundt i. I et metodisk eksperiment har vi brugt VR til at undersøge, hvordan intelligente systemer, der optimerer elforbrug og samtidig beskytter vores data, kan påvirke fremtidigt socialt liv. Eksperimentet skabte også et rum, hvor samarbejde på tværs af fagligheder blev muligt.
Information from a collaborative GPS tracking project, Piniariarneq, involving 17 occupational hunters from Qaanaaq and Savissivik, Northwest Greenland, is used to explore the resource spaces of ...hunters in Avanersuaq today. By comparison with historical records from the time of the Thule Trading Station and the decades following its closure, we reveal a marked variability in resource spaces over time. It is argued that the dynamics of resources and resource spaces in Thule are not underlain by animal distribution and migration patterns, or changes in weather and sea ice conditions alone; but also by economic opportunities, human mobility, settlement patterns, particular historical events and trajectories, and not least by economic and political interests developed outside the region.
This article examines what economic growth and state versions of progress
have done to small and medium-scale farmers in an urban setting, in Arequipa
in southern Peru. The general reorganization of ...production, resources, and
labor in the Peruvian economy has generated a discursive move to reposition small
and medium-scale farmers as backward. This article analyzes how farmers struggle
to find their place within a neoliberal urban ecology where different conceptions of
what constitutes progress in contemporary Peru influence the landscape. Using an
analytical lens that takes material and organizational infrastructures and practices
into account, and situates these in specific historical processes, the article argues
that farmers within the urban landscape of Arequipa struggle to reclaim land and
water, and reassert a status that they experience to be losing. Such a historical focus
on material and organizational infrastructural arrangements, it is argued, can
open up for understanding how local and beyond-local processes tangle in complex
ways and are productive of new subjectivities; how relations are reconfigured
in neoliberal landscapes of progress and dispossession. Such an approach makes
evident how state and nonstate actors invest affects, interests, and desires differently
within a given landscape.
Life around the North Water ecosystem Hastrup, Kirsten; Andersen, Astrid Oberborbeck; Grønnow, Bjarne ...
Ambio,
04/2018, Letnik:
47, Številka:
Suppl 2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The formation of the North Water in Smith Sound about 4500 years ago, as evidenced by the establishment of bird colonies and human presence, also initiated a long-term anthropogenic agent as part of ...this High Arctic ecosystem. Different epochs have influenced the human occupation in the area: immigration pulses from Canada and Alaska, trade with meteorite iron throughout the Arctic, introduction of new technologies by whalers and explorers, exploitation of resources by foreigners, political sequestration, export of fox and seal skins and later narwhal products, and recently fishing. Physical drivers in terms of weather and climate affecting the northern hemisphere also impact accessibility and productivity of the ecosystem, with cascading effects on social drivers, again acting back on the natural ecologies. Despite its apparent isolation, the ecosystem had and still has wide ranging spatial ramifications that extend beyond the High Arctic, and include human activity. The challenge is to determine what is internal and what is external to an ecosystem.
The authors of this article are engaged in anthropological research on the links between the growing interest in privacy and data security as a technical field and how notions of trust, security and ...accountability are practised in and beyond technical fields of cryptography, specifically a field called multi‐party computation (MPC). They pursue the relationship between trust in different forms of cryptography – academic and activist – and notions of trust as they are articulated in relation to data security and the protection of citizens’ data. There is a tension between the concerns raised in public debates about data security and the promises of emerging cryptographic protocols. In political speeches and public debates, citizens’ trust that governments and tech companies will protect their data is framed as important and essential. In the environments of emerging cryptographic technologies, such as blockchains, bitcoin and MPC, a promise to provide ‘trustless trust’ and abandon the need for trusted intermediaries, authorities and institutions is articulated.
From May 2015 until May 2016, nineteen occupational hunters, two anthropologists, two biologists, and one GIS expert engaged in a project of collaborative data collection in Northwest Greenland. With ...handheld GPS devices and a specially designed software called Piniariarneq (Hunting Trip), hunters tracked their hunting routes, registered animals caught and observed, and photographed and videoed important places, events, and other phenomena they found interesting and relevant to register. This essay describes the conception and implementation of Piniariarneq, and uses this experience as a lens through which to examine questions about appropriation, responsibility, and ownership in collaborative research endeavors. By scrutinizing how different collaborative partners engaged in the process with differing interests and aims, and by showing how partners took ownership of Piniariarneq in different ways, we argue that collaboration always takes place through particular relations, positions, and interests. Any standardization of modes of and for collaboration are therefore problematic. Collaboration instead unfolds in complex processes that are difficult to plan because the different collaborating partners enter, push, and pull the collaboration in different directions, and because every collaboration takes place in its own particular historical context.
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