The communication outposts of the emerging Internet of Things are embodied by ordinary items, which desirably include all-printed flexible sensors, actuators, displays and akin organic electronic ...interface devices in combination with silicon-based digital signal processing and communication technologies. However, hybrid integration of smart electronic labels is partly hampered due to a lack of technology that (de)multiplex signals between silicon chips and printed electronic devices. Here, we report all-printed 4-to-7 decoders and seven-bit shift registers, including over 100 organic electrochemical transistors each, thus minimizing the number of terminals required to drive monolithically integrated all-printed electrochromic displays. These relatively advanced circuits are enabled by a reduction of the transistor footprint, an effort which includes several further developments of materials and screen printing processes. Our findings demonstrate that digital circuits based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) provide a unique bridge between all-printed organic electronics (OEs) and low-cost silicon chip technology for Internet of Things applications.
This study presents calculations on the global fuel energy consumption used to overcome friction in passenger cars in terms of friction in the engine, transmission, tires, and brakes. Friction in ...tribocontacts was estimated according to prevailing contact mechanisms such as elastohydrodynamic, hydrodynamic, mixed, and boundary lubrication. Coefficients of friction in the tribocontacts were estimated based on available information in the literature on the average passenger car in use today, a car with today’s advanced commercial tribological technology, a car with today’s best advanced technology based upon recent research and development, and a car with the best technology forecasted in the next 10 years. The following conclusions were reached:
•In passenger cars, one-third of the fuel energy is used to overcome friction in the engine, transmission, tires, and brakes. The direct frictional losses, with braking friction excluded, are 28% of the fuel energy. In total, 21.5% of the fuel energy is used to move the car.•Worldwide, 208,000 million liters of fuel (gasoline and diesel) was used in 2009 to overcome friction in passenger cars. This equals 360 million tonne oil equivalent per year (Mtoe/a) or 7.3millionTJ/a. Reductions in frictional losses will lead to a threefold improvement in fuel economy as it will reduce both the exhaust and cooling losses also at the same ratio.•Globally, one passenger car uses on average of 340l of fuel per year to overcome friction, which would cost 510 euros according to the average European gas price in 2011 and corresponds to an average driving distance of 13,000km/a.•By taking advantage of new technology for friction reduction in passenger cars, friction losses could be reduced by 18% in the short term (5–10 years) and by 61% in the long term (15–25 years). This would equal worldwide economic savings of 174,000 million euros and 576,000 million euros, respectively; fuel savings of 117,000 million and 385,000 million liters, respectively; and CO2 emission reduction of 290 million and 960 million tonnes, respectively.•The friction-related energy losses in an electric car are estimated to be only about half those of an internal combustion passenger car.
Potential actions to reduce friction in passenger cars include the use of advanced coatings and surface texturing technology on engine and transmission components, new low-viscosity and low-shear lubricants and additives, and tire designs that reduce rolling friction.
► In passenger cars 1/3 of the fuel is used to overcome friction. ► Worldwide 208,000 million liters fuel was used 2009 to overcome car friction. ► Reduced friction leads to threefold improvement impact in fuel economy. ► Tribology can save 117,000 million liters fuel and 290million t/a CO2 emission. ► Friction losses in electric car are half those of IC passenger car.
A Danish Fool at Elsinore? Andersson, Peter K.
Critical survey (Oxford, England),
12/2023, Letnik:
35, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract
This article discusses the clowning element of a German version of
Hamlet
believed to date back to the time of Shakespeare.
Der bestrafte Brudermord
is noted as an adaptation of ...Shakespeare's tragedy which incorporates a lot more low comedy than any extant version of
Hamlet
and provides opportunity for contemplating the reason why
Hamlet
has no explicit clown character. The article focuses especially on a character appearing very briefly in the German play, a rustic buffoon called Jens, and his affinity with the rustics and comic servants of other Shakespeare plays and other Elizabethan plays. It is particularly asserted that this role shows signs of the involvement of the clown Will Kemp at some stage of the writing of
Hamlet
, or of touring continental Europe with an adaptation of it that puts the clowning element at the forefront.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
4.
Silent History Andersson, Peter K
2018, 2018-10-29
eBook, Book
An innovative historical study of body language using unknown snapshot photography.
Abstract
Displays are one of the most mature technologies in the field of printed electronics. Their ability to be manufactured in large quantities and at low cost has led to their recent uptake into ...the consumer market. Within this article this technology is extended to electrochromic display stickers. This is achieved using a recent reverse display architecture screen printed on textile and paper sticker substrates. The electrochromic stickers are comparable to plastic control substrates and show little performance difference even when adhered to curved surfaces. The electrochromic display technology is extended to sticker labels for authentication applications by patterning either the dielectric or the graphical layer. A proof‐of‐concept prototype emulating a wax seal on an envelope is presented to show that other colors can be implemented in this technology.
Abstract
Around the middle of the nineteenth century, there arose a type of circus performer in England called ‘Shakespearean clowns’. These clowns constituted a transitory figure between the age of ...Georgian pantomime clowns and the establishment of the typical circus clown in the later part of the century. One of the more neglected representatives of the genre was James Clement Boswell, who enjoyed a brief period of success in England before becoming a sensation in Paris during the 1850s. Although he was universally praised, his clowning also evoked bafflement. This article studies reviews of and periodical articles on Boswell in order to get a picture of his performances and clown persona, and of how critics perceived him and turned him into an example of the melancholy clown trope. The resistance that Boswell’s act and persona offered to the writers, however, illustrates that he was part of a change in the figure of the clown from its early nineteenth century incarnation to the twentieth-century clown and comic. Boswell’s clowning prefigures the irony and deadpan comedy that would become more prevalent in modern comedy. He is also illustrative of the increasing detachment of the clown figure from representations of a social reality, and the creation of the modern circus clown as an essentially unreal character that epitomizes a separate outlook on life.
Macroelectronic components combining different classes of devices often suffer from the high complexity and costs of the manufacturing processes. The printing of an active‐matrix sensor network using ...only five functional inks is demonstrated. The result is an all‐printed monolithically integrated touchless input interface, including ferroelectric sensor pixels, organic transistors for impedance matching, and an electrochromic display.
We model the dynamics of energetic magnetospheric ions in the perturbed electromagnetic fields near Jupiter's moon Europa. The inhomogeneities in the fields near Europa are generated by the induced ...dipole field from the moon's subsurface ocean as well as the Alfvénic plasma interaction with its ionosphere and induced field. Inhomogeneities in Europa's ionosphere at various length scales generate substantial asymmetries in the mass loading process that further complicate the structure of the moon's electromagnetic environment. In our study, the electromagnetic fields near Europa are obtained from an established hybrid model, whereas a particle tracing tool is applied to analyze the precipitation of the three most abundant energetic ion species (hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur) onto the moon's surface at various energies from 1 keV up to 5 MeV. To isolate the contributions of the induced dipole and ionospheric mass loading to the field perturbations and the resulting precipitation patterns, we consider multiple field configurations of successively increasing complexity. For ion energies in the kiloelectron volt regime, magnetic field line draping effectively shields large portions of Europa's surface against energetic ion impacts and drastically alters the shape of the precipitation patterns, compared to uniform fields. The fine structure of these patterns strongly depends on the complexity of the applied ionosphere model. Only in the megaelectron volt regime, the precipitation patterns are qualitatively similar for uniform and draped fields. However, the precipitation of megaelectron volt ions onto Europa is still not homogeneous, since the strong magnetospheric field keeps ion gyroradii much smaller than the moon's radius.
Key Points
A combination of hybrid simulations and particle tracing is applied to study the dynamics of energetic magnetospheric ions near Europa
Energetic ion dynamics near Europa are strongly affected by the Alfvénic field perturbations near the moon
In the kiloelectron volt regime, field line draping due to ionospheric mass loading effectively shields Europa's surface against energetic ions
The potential of the screen printing method for large-scale production of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), combining high production yield with low cost, is here demonstrated. Fully ...screen-printed OECTs of 1 mm2 area, based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrensulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), have been manufactured on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The goal of this project effort has been to explore and develop the printing processing to enable high yield and stable transistor parameters, targeting miniaturized digital OECT circuits for large-scale integration (LSI). Of the 760 OECTs manufactured in one batch on a PET sheet, only two devices were found malfunctioning, thus achieving an overall manufacturing yield of 99.7%. A drain current ON/OFF ratio at least equal to 400 was applied as the strict exclusion principle for the yield, motivated by proper operation in LSI circuits. This consistent performance of low-footprint OECTs allows for the integration of PEDOT:PSS-based OECTs into complex logic circuits operating at high stability and accuracy.
This work demonstrates sensitive and low-cost piezoelectric sensors on skin-friendly, ultrathin, and conformable substrates combined with organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for the detection ...and amplification of alternating low-voltage input signals. The fully screen-printed (SP) piezoelectric sensors were manufactured on commercially available tattoo paper substrates, while the all-printed OECTs, relying on an extended gate electrode architecture, were manufactured either by solely using SP or by combining SP and aerosol jet printing (AJP) on PET substrates. Applying a low-voltage signal (±25 mV) to the gate electrode of the SP+AJP OECT results in approximately five times higher current modulation as compared to the fully SP reference OECT. The tattoo paper-based substrate enables transfer of the SP piezoelectric sensor to the skin, which in turn allows for radial pulse monitoring when combined with the SP+AJP OECT; this is possible due to the ability of the conformable sensor to convert mechanical vibrations into voltage signals along with the highly sensitive current modulation ability of the transistor device to further amplify the output signal. The results reported herein pave the way toward all-printed fully conformable wearable devices with high sensitivity to be further utilized for the real-time monitoring of electrophysiological signals.
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