Bariatric surgery is considered the most efficient treatment for morbid obesity and its related diseases. However, its role as a metabolic modifier is not well understood. We aimed to determine ...biosignatures of response to bariatric surgery and elucidate short-term metabolic adaptations.
We used a LC- and FIA-ESI-MS/MS approach to quantify acylcarnitines, (lyso)phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, amino acids, biogenic amines and hexoses in serum samples of subjects with morbid obesity (n = 39) before and 1, 3 and 6 months after bariatric surgery. K-means cluster analysis allowed to distinguish metabotypes of response to bariatric surgery.
For the first time, global metabolic changes following bariatric surgery independent of the baseline health status of the subjects have been revealed. We identify two metabolic phenotypes (metabotypes) at the interval 6 months-baseline after surgery, which presented differences in the levels of compounds of urea metabolism, gluconeogenic precursors and (lyso)phospholipid particles. Clinically, metabotypes were different in terms of the degree of improvement in insulin resistance, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins and uric acid independent of the magnitude of weight loss.
This study opens new perspectives and new hypotheses on the metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery and understanding of the biology of obesity and its associated diseases.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study evaluated the possible prebiotic effect of a moderate intake of red wine polyphenols on the modulation of the gut microbiota composition and the improvement in the risk factors for the ...metabolic syndrome in obese patients. Ten metabolic syndrome patients and ten healthy subjects were included in a randomized, crossover, controlled intervention study. After a washout period, the subjects consumed red wine and de-alcoholized red wine over a 30 day period for each. The dominant bacterial composition did not differ significantly between the study groups after the two red wine intake periods. In the metabolic syndrome patients, red wine polyphenols significantly increased the number of fecal bifidobacteria and
Lactobacillus
(intestinal barrier protectors) and butyrate-producing bacteria (
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
and
Roseburia
) at the expense of less desirable groups of bacteria such as LPS producers (
Escherichia coli
and
Enterobacter cloacae
). The changes in gut microbiota in these patients could be responsible for the improvement in the metabolic syndrome markers. Modulation of the gut microbiota by using red wine could be an effective strategy for managing metabolic diseases associated with obesity.
Moderate intake of red wine by obese adults with MetS resulted in positive effects on gut microbiota composition and a reduction in the metabolic syndrome risk markers.
SCOPE: The aim of the current study was to apply an untargeted metabolomics strategy to characterize a model of cocoa intake biomarkers in a free‐living population. METHODS AND RESULTS: An untargeted ...HPLC‐q‐ToF‐MS based metabolomics approach was applied to human urine from 32 consumers of cocoa or derived products (CC) and 32 matched control subjects with no consumption of cocoa products (NC). The multivariate statistical analysis (OSC‐PLS‐DA) showed clear differences between CC and NC groups. The discriminant biomarkers identified were mainly related to the metabolic pathways of theobromine and polyphenols, as well as to cocoa processing. Consumption of cocoa products was also associated with reduced urinary excretions of methylglutarylcarnitine, which could be related to effects of cocoa exposure on insulin resistance. To improve the prediction of cocoa consumption, a combined urinary metabolite model was constructed. ROC curves were performed to evaluate the model and individual metabolites. The AUC values (95% CI) for the model were 95.7% (89.8–100%) and 92.6% (81.9–100%) in training and validation sets, respectively, whereas the AUCs for individual metabolites were <90%. CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic signature of cocoa consumption in free‐living subjects reveals that combining different metabolites as biomarker models improves prediction of dietary exposure to cocoa.
Resveratrol is a bioactive plant compound that has drawn scientific and media attention owing to its protective effects against a wide variety of illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases and ...cancer. In the last two decades, a plethora of preclinical studies have shown these beneficial effects, and some of them have been supported by clinical trials. However, there are few epidemiological studies assessing these relationships, showing mostly inconsistent results among them. This could be partially due to the difficulty of accurately estimating dietary resveratrol exposure. The development of Phenol‐Explorer, a database containing resveratrol food‐composition data, will facilitate the estimation of resveratrol intake. Moreover, the discovery and validation of a nutritional biomarker of this exposure, urinary resveratrol metabolite profile, will allow a more accurate assessment of dietary resveratrol exposure. Few epidemiological studies have assessed the potential health effects of resveratrol. Resveratrol was not associated with total mortality, cancer, or cardiovascular events, but it was associated with an improvement of serum glucose and triglyceride levels and a decrease in heart rate. Together, these findings suggest a potential cardioprotective effect of resveratrol in epidemiological studies, although the evidence is still scarce.
The discovery of biomarkers of intake in nutritional epidemiological studies is essential in establishing an association between dietary intake (considering their bioavailability) and diet‐related ...risk factors for diseases. The aim is to study urine and plasma phenolic and microbial profile by targeted metabolomics approach in a wine intervention clinical trial for discovering and evaluating food intake biomarkers. High‐risk male volunteers (n = 36) were included in a randomized, crossover intervention clinical trial. After a washout period, subjects received red wine or gin, or dealcoholized red wine over four weeks. Fasting plasma and 24‐h urine were collected at baseline and after each intervention period. A targeted metabolomic analysis of 70 host and microbial phenolic metabolites was performed using ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC‐MS/MS). Metabolites were subjected to stepwise logistic regression to establish prediction models and received operation curves were performed to evaluate biomarkers. Prediction models based mainly on gallic acid metabolites, obtained sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) for the training and validation sets of between 91 and 98% for urine and between 74 and 91% for plasma. Resveratrol, ethylgallate and gallic acid metabolite groups in urine samples also resulted in being good predictors of wine intake (AUC>87%). However, lower values for metabolites were obtained in plasma samples. The highest correlations between fasting plasma and urine were obtained for the prediction model score (r = 0.6, P<0.001), followed by gallic acid metabolites (r = 0.5–0.6, P<0.001). This study provides new insights into the discovery of food biomarkers in different biological samples.
Abstract
Motivation
The FOBI ontology can be of great help in nutrimetabolomic studies due to its wide variety of applications, including the possibility of performing different enrichment analyses. ...However, the programming skills required to query and explore it may limit its use by the scientific community.
Results
Here, we present the fobitools framework, comprised of an R/Bioconductor package and its complementary web interface. These two tools allow researchers to interact and explore the FOBI ontology in a highly user-friendly way. The fobitools framework is focused on the novel concept of food enrichment analysis in nutrimetabolomic studies. However, other useful features, such as the network interactive visualization of FOBI and the automatic annotation of dietary free-text data are also presented.
Availability and implementation
Both the fobitools R/Bioconductor package and the fobitoolsGUI web-based application, together with their installation instructions and examples, are freely available at https://github.com/nutrimetabolomics/fobitools and https://github.com/nutrimetabolomics/fobitoolsGUI, respectively.
Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
IMPORTANCE: Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes, red wine, chocolate, and certain berries and roots, is considered to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects in humans and ...is related to longevity in some lower organisms. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether resveratrol levels achieved with diet are associated with inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in humans. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study, the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) Study (“Aging in the Chianti Region”), 1998 to 2009 conducted in 2 villages in the Chianti area in a population-based sample of 783 community-dwelling men and women 65 years or older. EXPOSURES: Twenty-four–hour urinary resveratrol metabolites. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary outcome measure was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were markers of inflammation (serum C-reactive protein CRP, interleukin IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor TNF) and prevalent and incident cancer and cardiovascular disease. RESULTS: Mean (95% CI) log total urinary resveratrol metabolite concentrations were 7.08 (6.69-7.48) nmol/g of creatinine. During 9 years of follow-up, 268 (34.3%) of the participants died. From the lowest to the highest quartile of baseline total urinary resveratrol metabolites, the proportion of participants who died from all causes was 34.4%, 31.6%, 33.5%, and 37.4%, respectively (P = .67). Participants in the lowest quartile had a hazards ratio for mortality of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.54-1.17) compared with those in the highest quartile of total urinary resveratrol in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model that adjusted for potential confounders. Resveratrol levels were not significantly associated with serum CRP, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF, prevalent or incident cardiovascular disease, or cancer. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In older community-dwelling adults, total urinary resveratrol metabolite concentration was not associated with inflammatory markers, cardiovascular disease, or cancer or predictive of all-cause mortality. Resveratrol levels achieved with a Western diet did not have a substantial influence on health status and mortality risk of the population in this study.
Abstract
Nutrition research can be conducted by using two complementary approaches: (i) traditional self-reporting methods or (ii) via metabolomics techniques to analyze food intake biomarkers in ...biofluids. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of these two very different types of data often hinder their analysis and integration. To manage this challenge, we have developed a novel ontology that describes food and their associated metabolite entities in a hierarchical way. This ontology uses a formal naming system, category definitions, properties and relations between both types of data. The ontology presented is called FOBI (Food-Biomarker Ontology) and it is composed of two interconnected sub-ontologies. One is a ’Food Ontology’ consisting of raw foods and ‘multi-component foods’ while the second is a ‘Biomarker Ontology’ containing food intake biomarkers classified by their chemical classes. These two sub-ontologies are conceptually independent but interconnected by different properties. This allows data and information regarding foods and food biomarkers to be visualized in a bidirectional way, going from metabolomics to nutritional data or vice versa. Potential applications of this ontology include the annotation of foods and biomarkers using a well-defined and consistent nomenclature, the standardized reporting of metabolomics workflows (e.g. metabolite identification, experimental design) or the application of different enrichment analysis approaches to analyze nutrimetabolomic data. Availability: FOBI is freely available in both OWL (Web Ontology Language) and OBO (Open Biomedical Ontologies) formats at the project’s Github repository (https://github.com/pcastellanoescuder/FoodBiomarkerOntology) and FOBI visualization tool is available in https://polcastellano.shinyapps.io/FOBI_Visualization_Tool/.
Current research on nutritional sciences depends upon the precise measurement of food intake. Despite being the most widely used dietary measurement tools, self-reported surveys are not exempt from ...already recognized limitations.(1, 2) Low dietary assessment accuracy contributes to the inconsistency of results already observed in many instances when trying to understand the connections between diet and healthiness or disease risk, thereby weakening their potential translation to clinical and public health applications.(1) The drawbacks of conventional instruments have encouraged research on food intake biomarkers (FIBs) as a complementary or alternative measure of dietary intake, being one of the cornerstones of nutritional epidemiology.(1) FIBs are those food compounds or food-derived metabolites that allow for recent or average intakes of specific food groups, foods, or food components to be objectively and accurately measured in a biological specimen.(3) They are assumed to be a more accurate measurement of dietary exposure than self-reported consumption because they cover the bioavailability of dietary compounds and allow for the drawbacks of composition tables, portion estimation, and subjectivity, among other things, to be handled. However, there are still some gaps that have to be addressed for such biomarkers to reach their full potential for the community. These are related to their specificity, interindividual variation, validation, and quantification. These aspects will be outlined in the following paragraphs.
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